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    Technological University of The Philippines

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    John Reigh Catipay
    The document is a laboratory report that describes an experiment measuring fluid flow rates using orifices of different diameters. It includes: 1) Objectives to illustrate how orifices measure fluid velocity and flow rate in open channels and determine orifice discharge coefficients. 2) Tables of raw experimental data and results including discharge coefficients for 20mm and 25mm orifice diameters. 3) A discussion that higher orifice diameters resulted in higher discharge, velocity, and contraction coefficients as expected. Measurement errors are also addressed. 4) An industry relevance section noting orifices are commonly used to measure flow rates in water treatment, natural gas, and other industries due to their low cost.

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    Technological University of The Philippines

    Uploaded by

    John Reigh Catipay
    57 views7 pages
    The document is a laboratory report that describes an experiment measuring fluid flow rates using orifices of different diameters. It includes: 1) Objectives to illustrate how orifices measure fluid velocity and flow rate in open channels and determine orifice discharge coefficients. 2) Tables of raw experimental data and results including discharge coefficients for 20mm and 25mm orifice diameters. 3) A discussion that higher orifice diameters resulted in higher discharge, velocity, and contraction coefficients as expected. Measurement errors are also addressed. 4) An industry relevance section noting orifices are commonly used to measure flow rates in water treatment, natural gas, and other industries due to their low cost.

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    HDRA-LAB03-GRP08

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    The document is a laboratory report that describes an experiment measuring fluid flow rates using orifices of different diameters. It includes: 1) Objectives to illustrate how orifices measure fluid velocity and flow rate in open channels and determine orifice discharge coefficients. 2) Tables of raw experimental data and results including discharge coefficients for 20mm and 25mm orifice diameters. 3) A discussion that higher orifice diameters resulted in higher discharge, velocity, and contraction coefficients as expected. Measurement errors are also addressed. 4) An industry relevance section noting orifices are commonly used to measure flow rates in water treatment, natural gas, and other industries due to their low cost.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    57 views7 pages

    Technological University of The Philippines

    Uploaded by

    John Reigh Catipay
    The document is a laboratory report that describes an experiment measuring fluid flow rates using orifices of different diameters. It includes: 1) Objectives to illustrate how orifices measure fluid velocity and flow rate in open channels and determine orifice discharge coefficients. 2) Tables of raw experimental data and results including discharge coefficients for 20mm and 25mm orifice diameters. 3) A discussion that higher orifice diameters resulted in higher discharge, velocity, and contraction coefficients as expected. Measurement errors are also addressed. 4) An industry relevance section noting orifices are commonly used to measure flow rates in water treatment, natural gas, and other industries due to their low cost.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 7

    TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

    Hydraulics Laboratory | PCE13L-M Date: 18 May 2021

    Laboratory Report Number: 3 Sheina R. Pallega

    Group Number: 8

    Members:

    John Reigh D. Catipay Frix Andri T. Nonato Clarissah Erika L. Pechardo

    Adrienne F. Rodriguez Gian M. Susano

    A. Objectives:

    a. To illustrate how orifices are used in measuring the velocity and flow rate of fluid
    flowing in an open channel
    b. To determine the coefficient of discharge, contraction, and velocity of 20 mm
    and 25 mm diameter orifice

    Sheina Rayala Pallega 27 April 2021


    TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

    B. Data Presentation

    TABLE 1. Raw Data


    ORIFICE JET DIAMETER
    TRIAL VOLUME (L) TIME (s) HEAD (mm)
    DIAMETER (mm) (mm)
    1 8 46.8 31 17
    2 20 8 58.1 21 17.2
    3 8 91.65 16 18.4

    1 8 21.38 61 21.9
    2 25 8 31.32 23 22.2
    3 8 35.95 18 23.1

    TABLE 2. Results Data - A

    ACTUAL ACTUAL THEORETICAL


    THEORETICAL ACTUAL THEORETICAL
    TRIAL AREA VELOCITY VELOCITY
    AREA (mm2) DISCHARGE (L/s) DISCHARGE (L/s)
    (mm2) (m/s) (m/s)
    1 226.980 0.753 0.780 0.171 0.245
    2 232.352 314.159 0.592 0.642 0.138 0.202
    3 265.904 0.328 0.560 0.087 0.176

    1 376.685 0.993 1.094 0.374 0.537


    2 387.076 490.874 0.660 0.672 0.255 0.330
    3 419.096 0.531 0.594 0.223 0.292

    TABLE 3. Results Data - B

    COEFFICIENT OF
    TRIAL COEFFICIENT OF VELOCITY COEFFICIENT OF DISCHARGE
    CONTRACTION

    1 0.723 0.966 0.698


    2 0.740 0.923 0.683
    3 0.846 0.586 0.496

    1 0.767 0.908 0.697


    2 0.789 0.982 0.775
    3 0.854 0.893 0.763

    Sheina Rayala Pallega 27 April 2021


    TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

    Sheina Rayala Pallega 27 April 2021


    TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

    The graph shows that the higher the orifice diameter is, the higher is its
    coefficient of contraction, velocity, and discharge. Since coefficient of contraction is
    based on the area, the higher the jet diameter is, the higher the coefficient of
    contraction. For coefficient of velocity, the higher the measured head is, the higher will
    be the coefficient of velocity. And lastly, for the coefficient of discharge, the only same
    trend is that the first trial almost yielded the same results.

    Sheina Rayala Pallega 27 April 2021


    TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

    C. Calculations

    Sheina Rayala Pallega 27 April 2021


    TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

    Sheina Rayala Pallega 27 April 2021


    TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

    D. Results Discussion

    After the calculations, we have arrived at these results for the 20 mm orifice
    diameter: Trial 1 yielded a Cc of 0.723, Cv of 0.966, and C of 0.968. Trial 2 with Cc of 0.740,
    Cv of 0.923, and C of 0.683. Lastly, Trial 3 resulted in a Cc of 0.846, Cv of 0.586, and C of
    0.496. For the 25 mm orifice diameter results: Trial 1 produced a Cc of 0.767, Cv of 0.908
    and C of 0.697. Trial 2 generated a Cc of 0.789, Cv of 0.982, and C of 0.775. Finally, Trial 3
    led to a Cc of 0.854, Cv of 0.893, and C of 0.763.

    For this activity, the errors may arise in incorrectly reading the vernier caliper which
    will affect the jet diameter data, and the stopwatch which is used to determine the time
    can also be incorrectly used and can affect the data.

    E. Industry Relevance

    Orifice are usually used in order to determine the flow rate of different fluids
    (whether in gaseous, liquid state, or both in gaseous and liquid state). Industries like water
    treatment plants, natural gas industries, and refineries utilize orifice for their operations. It
    is also mostly used in these industries since the price of orifice meter is cheap compared
    to other flow measurement devices. If space is an issue, the orifice can be the perfect
    tool since it uses the least space.

    This report is submitted as a group and all contents are mutually shared by all members
    as writers. The laboratory instructions are derived from the provided materials in MS
    Teams and during synchronized classes.

    Affix the signatures below:

    _-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_ END OF REPORT _-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_

    Sheina Rayala Pallega 27 April 2021

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