Elasticity

Elasticit
1) A steel guitar string with a diameter of 0.300 mm and a length of 70.0 cm is stretched by
0.500 mm while being tuned. How much force is needed to stretch the string by this
amount? Young's modulus for steel is 2.0 × 1011 N/m2.
Answer: 10.1 N
𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑜 (𝐸) = 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛(𝜎)/ 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝑒)

𝐸𝑠𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑟𝑧𝑜 = (𝐹)𝑢𝑒𝑟𝑧𝑎/ (𝐴)𝑟𝑒𝑎
𝑒 = 𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑜 𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑜/ 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑜 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙
2) A 1000-kg object hangs from the lower end of a steel rod 5.0 m long that is suspended
vertically. The diameter of the rod is 0.80 cm and Young's modulus for the rod is 210,000
MN/m2. What is the elongation of the rod due to this object?
Answer: 0.46 cm
𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑜 (𝐸) = 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛(𝜎)/ 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝑒) = (𝐹/𝐴)/(∆𝐿/𝐿)

𝐹𝐿
∆𝐿 =
𝐴𝐸 2
𝑚 𝜋𝑑
𝐹 = 1000𝑘𝑔 ∗ 9.8 𝑠2 𝐿 = 5𝑚 𝐴 = 4 = 0.5𝑚2 𝐸 = 210000𝑀𝑁/𝑚2
9800(5)
∆𝐿 = = 0,46𝑐𝑚
(0.5)210000
3) A 0.600-mm diameter wire stretches 0.500% of its length when it is stretched with a
tension of 20.0 N. What is the Young's modulus of this wire?
Answer: 1.41 × 1010 N/m2
𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑜 (𝐸) = 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛(𝜎)/ 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝑒) = (𝐹/𝐴)/(∆𝐿/𝐿)

∆𝐿
= 0.005 𝑦𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑒𝑠𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑎 𝑛𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑 𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜
𝐿
𝑑 0.600𝑚𝑚
𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑜 𝑟 = = = 0.300𝑚𝑚 𝑒𝑛 𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎 0.3 ∗ 10−3 𝑚
2 2
𝐴ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑎 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑙 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 2 = (0.3 ∗ 10−3 𝑚)2 = 2.83 ∗ 10−7 𝑚2
𝑁𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑛 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝐹 = 20 𝑁 𝑎ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑏𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑔𝑢𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑌𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑔
20𝑁/(2.83 ∗ 10−7 𝑚2 )
𝐸= = 1.41 ∗ 1010 𝑁/𝑚2
0.005
4) A cable is 100 m long, has a cross-sectional area of 1.0 mm2, and is made of a material
having a Young's modulus of 1.0 × 1011 N/m2. If a 1000-N force is applied to stretch the
cable, how far does it stretch?
Answer: 1.0 m
𝐹∗𝐿
𝑌𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑔 = 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑗𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟 ∆𝐿
𝐴 ∗ ∆𝐿
𝐹∗𝐿
∆𝐿 = 𝑅𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑎
𝐴∗𝐸
𝐹 = 1000𝑁 𝐿 = 100𝑚 𝐴 = 1 ∗ 10−6 𝑚2 𝐸 = 1 ∗ 1011 𝑁/𝑚2
1000 ∗ 100
∆𝐿 = = 1𝑚
10−6 ∗ 1011
5) A steel lift column in a service station is a solid cylinder 4.0 m long and 0.20 m in
diameter. Young's modulus for this steel is 20 × 1010 N/m2. By what distance does the
column compress when a 5000-kg truck is on it?
Answer: 3.1 × 10-5 m
𝐹∗𝐿
𝑌𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑔 = 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑗𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟 ∆𝐿
𝐴 ∗ ∆𝐿
𝐹∗𝐿
∆𝐿 = 𝑅𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑎
𝐴∗𝐸
𝑚 𝜋𝑑2
𝐹 = 5000𝑘𝑔 ∗ 9.8 2 𝐿 = 4.0𝑚 𝐴= = 0.01𝜋 𝐸 = 20 ∗ 1010 𝑁/𝑚2
𝑠 4
(5000 ∗ 9.8(4))
∆𝐿 = = 3.12 ∗ 10−5 𝑚
20 ∗ 1010 (0.01 ∗ 𝜋)
6) The tensile strength (the maximum tensile stress it can support without breaking) for a
certain steel wire is 3000 MN/m2. What is the maximum load that can be applied to a wire
with a diameter of 3.0 mm made of this steel without breaking the wire?
Answer: 21 kN
𝐸𝑛 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝑒𝑗𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑜 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑜 𝑎𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑙𝑜 𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑜, 𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑙 𝑚𝑎𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑑𝑜𝑠

𝐴𝑅𝐸𝐴 ∗ 𝐶𝐴𝑅𝐺𝐴 𝑀𝐴𝑋𝐼𝑀𝐴
𝜋(3 ∗ 10 ∗ 0.5)2 ∗ 3000𝑀𝑁/𝑚^2 ∗ 106
−3
= 21𝑘𝑁
7) A steel rod 55 cm long has a diameter of 30 cm. The compressive strength (the
maximum stress it can support without breaking) of this steel is 500 × 106 N/m2. What is
the compression force that would break the rod?
Answer: 3.5 × 107 N
𝐹𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝜎 max = 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑗𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝐹 𝑚𝑎𝑠
𝐴
𝐹𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝜎 max ∗ 𝐴
2
𝑆𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑒𝑠 𝐴 = 𝜋 ∗ 𝑑 4
𝑃𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑡𝑟𝑜 𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑏𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑒𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑒 𝐹
2
𝐹 = 𝜎 ∗ 𝜋 ∗ 𝑑4
2
𝐹 = (500 ∗ 106 𝑁/𝑚3 ) ∗ 𝜋 ∗ (0.30𝑚)4
𝐹 = 3.5 ∗ 107 𝑁
8) A very light 1.00-m wire consists of two segments of equal length, one of steel (Young's
modulus is 2.00 × 1011 N/m2) and one of brass (Young's modulus is 9.0 × 1010 N/m2).
The steel segment is 1.50 mm in diameter, and the brass segment has twice this diameter.
When a weight w is hung from the ceiling by this wire, the steel segment stretches by 1.10
mm. Find the weight w.
A) 190 N B) 390 N C) 780 N D) 1000 N E) 3100 N
𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑠𝑒𝑔𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑎 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑠 = 0,50𝑚
𝐸𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 1,10 ∗ 10−3 𝑚

𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 𝜋( 1.50 ∗ 10−3 / 2)2 𝑚2
𝑦 = 2,0 ∗ 1011 𝑃𝑎
𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑 = 1,00/2𝑚
𝑤 = (𝐸)(𝐴)(𝑦)/𝐿
𝑅𝑡𝑎
= 190,23 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑜 𝑝𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑟 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑤 𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑎 190 𝑁 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑜𝑝𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑚𝑎𝑠 𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑒𝑠 𝑙𝑎 𝐴
9) A 12-L volume of oil is subjected to a pressure change, which produces a volume strain
on the oil of -3.0 × 10-4. The bulk modulus of the oil is 6.0 × 109 N/m2 and is independent
of the pressure. By how many milliliters does this pressure reduce the volume of the oil?
A) 2.0 mL B) 2.4 mL C) 2.8 mL D) 3.2 mL E) 3.6 mL
𝑅𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 = ∈ = ∆𝑉/𝑉

𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑗𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑒𝑙 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑦𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜 = ∆𝑉 = −𝑉 ∈
𝑹𝒆𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒛𝒂𝒎𝒐𝒔 𝒅𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒔 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒂 𝒍𝒂 𝒅𝒆𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒂 𝒅𝒆𝒍 𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒊𝒕𝒆
∈= −3.0 ∗ 10−4 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝑉 = −12𝐿

∆𝑉 = −12𝐿 ∗ (−3.0 ∗ 10−4 )
∆𝑉 = 0.0036𝐿
𝐷𝑒𝑏𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑟 𝑎 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑓𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝑒 ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑙𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑡𝑒
𝑅𝑡𝑎 = ∆𝑉 = 3.6𝑚𝐿
10) A 12-L volume of oil is subjected to a pressure change, which produces a volume strain
on the oil of -3.0 × 10-4. The bulk modulus of the oil is 6.0 × 109 N/m2 and is independent
of the pressure. What is the pressure change that produced the volume strain in the oil?
A) 1.2 MN/m2 B) 1.4 MN/m2 C) 1.6 MN/m2 D) 1.8 MN/m2 E) 2.0 MN/m2
11) When the pressure applied to an unknown liquid is increased from 1.0 × 107 N/m2 to
5.5 × 107 N/m2, the volume of the liquid decreases by 0.70%. Calculate the bulk modulus
of the liquid.
∆𝑃
𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑜 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑜 = 𝐾 = −𝑉
∆𝑉
𝑠𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 ∆𝑉 = −0,007 ∗ 𝑣
𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟 ∆𝑃 𝑑𝑒𝑏𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑟𝑎𝑟 𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑏𝑒
(5.5 ∗ 107 ) − (1.0 ∗ 107 ) = 4.5 ∗ 107
4.5 ∗ 107
𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑜 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑜 = 𝐾 = −𝑉
−0,007 ∗ 𝑣
4.5 ∗ 107
𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑜 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑜 = 𝐾 = = 6,4 ∗ 109 𝑃𝑎
0.007

Elasticity

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Elasticity

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Elasticity

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Elasticit

𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑜 (𝐸) = 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛(𝜎)/ 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝑒)

𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑜 (𝐸) = 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛(𝜎)/ 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝑒) = (𝐹/𝐴)/(∆𝐿/𝐿)

𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑜 (𝐸) = 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛(𝜎)/ 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝑒) = (𝐹/𝐴)/(∆𝐿/𝐿)

𝐸𝑛 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝑒𝑗𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑜 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑜 𝑎𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑙𝑜 𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑜, 𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑙 𝑚𝑎𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑑𝑜𝑠

𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑠𝑒𝑔𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑎 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑠 = 0,50𝑚

𝐸𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 1,10 ∗ 10−3 𝑚

𝑅𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 = ∈ = ∆𝑉/𝑉

∈= −3.0 ∗ 10−4 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛 𝑉 = −12𝐿

You might also like