DYNR

Transient Results and Response Spectra

SOFiSTiK | 2020
 DYNR
Transient Results and Response Spectra

DYNR Manual, Service Pack 2020-6 Build 289

Copyright © 2020 by SOFiSTiK AG, Oberschleissheim, Germany.

SOFiSTiK AG

HQ Oberschleissheim Office Nuremberg

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85764 Oberschleissheim 90411 Nuremberg
Germany Germany

T +49 (0)89 315878-0 T +49 (0)911 39901-0

F +49 (0)89 315878-23 F +49(0)911 397904
[email protected]
www.sofistik.com

This manual is protected by copyright laws. No part of it may be translated, copied or reproduced, in any form or by
any means, without written permission from SOFiSTiK AG. SOFiSTiK reserves the right to modify or to release
new editions of this manual.

The manual and the program have been thoroughly checked for errors. However, SOFiSTiK does not claim that
either one is completely error free. Errors and omissions are corrected as soon as they are detected.

The user of the program is solely responsible for the applications. We strongly encourage the user to test the
correctness of all calculations at least by random sampling.

Front Cover
Project: Queensferry Crossing | Photo: Bastian Kratzke
 Contents | DYNR

Contents

Contents i

1 Task Description 1-1

2 Input Description 2-1

2.1 Input Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
2.2 Input Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
2.3 SIZE – Size and Scale of the Representation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
2.4 SCHH – Text Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
2.5 RESP – Properties of the Single Mass Oscillator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
2.6 FUNC – External Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
2.7 EXCI – Excitation Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7
2.8 SPEC – Response Spectra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8
2.9 HIST – Histogram Curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9
2.10 ECHO – Control of the Output Extent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12

3 Examples 3-1
3.1 Dynamic Load Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
3.2 Story Response Spectrum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3

SOFiSTiK 2020 i
DYNR | Contents

ii SOFiSTiK 2020
 Task Description | DYNR

1 Task Description

The program DYNR enables the graphical presentation of transient results from the programs
DYNA and HYDRA. It plots time-controlled or frequency-controlled results and, as an additional
option, calculates response spectra for a given loading or acceleration history.

Using the input record HIST during a dynamic analysis with the program DYNA one can store
in the database the time variations of selected degrees of freedom or internal forces and mo-
ments. By the same record HIST, the program HYDRA stores in the database the unsteady
temperature or potential variation. DYNR can present these curves graphically in any combi-
nation.

Furthermore, it is capable of using either the already stored acceleration variations of individual
points or any newly defined function in order to determine the response spectra.

A response spectrum is determined by the maximum response of a single mass oscillator

with known damping to a known excitation function in relation to the natural frequency of the
oscillator.

Each loading (e.g. earthquake, impact at corner A, impact at corner B, etc.) is stored in DYNA
by a certain number.

DYNR can now plot either the given HIST curves or the response spectra in the various coor-
dinate directions under consideration of the various damping values.

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DYNR | Task Description

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 Input Description | DYNR

2 Input Description

2.1 Input Language

Input is made in the CADINP language (see general manual SOFiSTiK: FEA / STRUCTURAL
Installation and Basics).

2.2 Input Records

The following record names are defined:

Record Items
SIZE DINA S W H MARG FORM TMAX
SCHH H1 H2 H3 H4 H5
RESP TYPE TMIN TMAX TDIF
D1 D2 D3 D4 D5
C1 C2 C3 C4 C5
REF1 RC1 REF2 RC2 REF3 RC3
FUNC T F DT NO TITL
EXCI LCS NO COMP F TITL
SPEC TYPE
HIST LCS TYPE
NO0 C0 NO1 C1 NO2 C2
NO3 C3 NO4 C4 NO5 C5
NO6 C6 NO7 C7 NO8 C8
NO9 C9 YMIN YMAX
TMIN TMAX TDIM YTOL LIM1 LIM2
TEFF CLIM
XTYP NX TITL
ECHO OPT VAL

The records HEAD, END and PAGE are described in the general manual SOFiSTiK: "‘FEA /
STRUCTURAL Installation and Basics"’.

A description of each record follows:

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DYNR | Input Description

2.3 SIZE – Size and Scale of the Representation

See also: SCHH, HIST

SIZE

Item Description Unit Default

DINA Paper size − -4

Positive value landscape format
Negative value portrait format

S Scale of the function values − *

0 format filling
* engineering scale, best possible
for filling the page

W Paper width cm DINA

H Paper height cm DINA

MARG Draws a border LT FULL

OFF no border will be drawn
NO does draw only the inner border
YES does consider a free border
around the drawing
FULL an additional border to cut the
drawing at the outer paper limits
is drawn

FORM Form of the border LT STAN

STAN standard frame SOFiSTiK
ZTVK ZTVK-88 frame

TMAX Maximum time / frequency in the representation sec/ Hz *

The horizontal scale of time or frequency is selected automatically in an engineering manner

based on the values at hand. An automatic switch to minutes or days takes place when time
values become accordingly large. TMAX can be used to select a larger time range for better
result comparison.

The vertical scale is selected with S. In addition, the value range can be arbitrarily changed by
HIST.

More explanations can be found in the general manual SOFiSTiK: ’FEA / STRUCTURAL In-
stallation and Basics’.

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 Input Description | DYNR

2.4 SCHH – Text Size

See also: SIZE

SCHH

Item Description Unit Default

H1 Height of the legend cm 2.50

H2 Texts of the legend cm 0.25
H3 Designation of the axes cm 0.25
H4 Dimensional lines at the axes cm 0.25
H5 reserved cm 0.18

A value of 0. suppresses the corresponding designation. The values remain valid until a new
definition of SIZE or SCHH is given.

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DYNR | Input Description

2.5 RESP – Properties of the Single Mass Oscillator

See also: EXCI, SPEC

RESP

Item Description Unit Default

TYPE Result which is supposed to be represented: LT A

P Force
S Displacement
V Velocity
A Relative acceleration
AA Absolute acceleration
AS A as function of S
AAS AA as function of S
TMIN Lowest natural period sec 0
TMAX Highest natural period sec !
TDIF Step size of the natural periods or frequencies sec *
Default: (TMIN-TMAX)/20 bz.
1/ sec

D1 Modal damping value 1, marked with . − 0.

D2 Modal damping value 2, marked with + − -
D3 Modal damping value 3, marked with * − -
D4 Modal damping value 4, marked with o − -
D5 Modal damping value 5, marked with x − -

C1 Colour and line type for D1 − 1001

C2 Colour and line type for D2 − 1001
C3 Colour and line type for D3 − 1001
C4 Colour and line type for D4 − 1001
C5 Colour and line type for D5 − 1001

REF1 Number of an optional reference curve − -

RF1 Colour and line type for REF1 − 2001
REF2 Number of an optional reference curve − -
RF2 Colour and line type for REF2 − 2001
REF3 Number of an optional reference curve − -
RF3 Colour and line type for REF3 − 2001

The single mass oscillator, which is subjected to the various excitations, must be described via
a frequency range with fixed subdivisions.

In the case of excitation through an acceleration, TYPE AA can be used to plot the total accel-

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 Input Description | DYNR

eration (ground+oscillator). This is usually the desired value. For TYPE one can also enter P+,
S+, V+, A+, AA+ as well as P-, S-, V-, A-, AA-. Then only the positive or negative components
are evaluated.

The evaluation of the oscillation equations is performed only for the times defined by the exci-
tation function. The duration of the evaluation is also determined by the highest time value of
the excitation value. A somewhat longer time range with exciting function 0.0 should thus be
defined in the case of high frequency excitation.

Up to five different damping values can be examined simultaneously. The damping values D1
through D5 can be used arbitrarily according to the desired marking. Different line types and
colour values can be defined for the curves. The colour values and the line types are added
here to the values defined inthe record EXCI minus 1001 (e.g. 2001 ”+” 3002 - 1001 = 4002).
Therefore it is reasonable to input one record with line types (1001 through 1010) and the
others with colours (e.g. 1001 through 9001).

Up to three external reference curves may be shown. These functions have to be defined via
FUNC and must be defined after an external load function for the response analysis.

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DYNR | Input Description

2.6 FUNC – External Function

See also: EXCI, SPEC, HIST

FUNC

Item Description Unit Default

T Time value sec !

F Function value − !
DT Time subdivision sec *

NO Number of the function − *

TITL Title of the function LT24 -

Any functions that can be selected either as acceleration or loading of the single mass oscillator
or as comparison curves to HIST can be defined in DYNR. Since the mass of the single mass
oscillator is 1.0, no need of the differentiation exists there between acceleration and force.

The values of all excitation functions get stored in the database. They are maintained until
a new definition takes place. If FUNC values are input after the records HIST or SPEC, all
functions are automatically deleted.

NO and TITL are input by the first function value only. If no time value is entered, the last time
increment is added to the last time value. In this case for regular time intervals the input of time
values can be omitted for all higher values.

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 Input Description | DYNR

2.7 EXCI – Excitation Function

See also: RESP, FUNC

EXCI

Item Description Unit Default

LCS Storage number of the curve − !

NO Node number of the excited point − !

COMP Excitation components LT XYZ

X X direction only
Y Y direction only
Z Z direction only
XY X and Y direction
XZ X and Z direction
YZ Y and Z direction
XYZ all directions

F Colour and line type for the curve − 1001

(see general manual SOFiSTiK: ’FEA /
STRUCTURAL Installation and Basics’)

TITL Title of the function LT24 -

EXCI activates the variation curves that are stored in the database. All curves selected with
EXCI are plotted simultaneously.

The selection of the excitation functions remains valid up to a new definition.

If the excitation variation were defined in DYNR by the record FUNC, such a function must be
selected with LCS 0. The first defined function FUNC is used, if EXCI is not input.

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DYNR | Input Description

2.8 SPEC – Response Spectra

See also: RESP, FUNC, HIST

SPEC

Item Description Unit Default

TYPE Representation in dependence from LT TIME

TIME time
FREQ frequency
LOGT time in logarithmic
representation
LOGF frquency in logarithmic
representation

When TYPE FREQ is input, the values TMIN, TMAX and TDIF of the RESP input are inter-
preted as frequencies too.

If LOGT or LOGF are defined, a logarithmic scale is selected. TDIF defines then a subdivision
factor relative to 1.0 for the number of intermediate values (e.g. TDIF 0.05 = 20 intermediate
values).

Each record SPEC or HIST produces a drawing with the current parameters.

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 Input Description | DYNR

2.9 HIST – Histogram Curves

See also: SIZE, FUNC, SPEC

HIST

Item Description Unit Default

LCS Storage number of the curve − !

TYPE Degree of freedom (see explanations) LT !

NO0 First node or element number − -

C0 Colour and line type of first curve − 1001
NO1 Second node or element number − -
C1 Colour and line type of second curve − C0
... ...
NO9 Tenth node or element number − -
C9 Colour and line type of tenth curve − C8

YFAC Scaling factor vertical − 1

YMIN Lower value of the vertical value range ∗ *
YMAX Upper value of the vertical value range ∗ *
TMIN Lower value of horizontal value range ∗ 0.
TMAX Upper value of horizontal value range ∗ *
TDIM Dimension of TMIN, TMAX and legend LT SEC
SEC second
MIN minute
H hour
D day
LOGS logarithmic
LOGM logarithmic
LOGH logarithmic
LOGD logarithmic

YTOL Tolerance for limit values LIM1 / LIM2 − 0.3

LIM1 First limit value ∗/ LT -
LIM2 Second limit value ∗/ LT -
CLIM Line type and colour for limit value lines − 2010

TEFF Duration for effective average values (TDM) -

XTYP Value to be used for the horizontal axis LT *
NX number for XTYP within the load case LCS − -
TITL Designation of this graf Lt∗ *

Table continued on next page.

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DYNR | Input Description

Item Description Unit Default

DUMP Dump of data into a Textfile with this name Lt∗ *

With the record HIST one can request up to ten transient curves per picture.

The displayed range of values is determined automatically based on the found values and
the scale data given in the record SIZE. YMIN and YMAX or TMIN and TMAX can be used
to modify this range. If you specify the values for LIM1 and/or LIM2, these limit values will
be included in the display, if the current maximum values pass YTOL times the specified limit
values.

The following types are allowed for both axes X and Y:

U-X U-Y U-Z Displacements

U-RX U-RY U-RZ Rotations
V-X V-Y V-Z Velocities
V-RX V-RY V-RZ Angular velocity
A-X A-Y A-Z Accelerations
A-RX A-RY A-RZ Angular acceleration

P PT Spring forces
SPX SPY SPZ Sum of spring forces or total drag force or coefficient
SPXX SPYY SPZZ Sum of spring moments or total drag moment or coeffi-
cient
TRUS CABL Truss bar force / cable force
N VY VZ Beam forces axial and shear
MT MY MZ Beam moments torsion and bending
SIG TAU SIGV Stresses in beams
MXX MYY MXY Shell moments
VXX VYY Shell shear forces
NXX NYY NXY Shell axial forces

H PN Potential, Pressure
QH QBH QHPI Flow quantities nodes, regions, pipes
VQUA VBRI Flow velocities QUAD, BRIC-Elements
U V W Flow velocities in monitor points
TKP TDN Turbulence parameter k and eps in monitor points

T Temperature
QT QBT QTPI Heat flow nodes, regions, links
QQUA QBRI Heat flow densities QUAD, BRIC-Elements

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 Input Description | DYNR

DSX DSY DSZ Stiffness and damping coefficient of the dynamic

impedance
(1/displacements SX or SY or SZ)
DSRX DSRY DSRZ Stiffness and damping coefficient of the dynamic
impedance
(1/rotations SRX or SRY or SRZ)

It is also possible to show similar values in the same picture together. This will be controlled
with an additional decimal at the number used as a shift. Thus for a specified TYPE U-X a
selection of 1001.0 is the displacement of node 1001 in X, while 1001.2 is that in Z direction
etc.

Beside the variations that are stored in the database, one can also define and plot comparison
curves with the record FUNC. The negative value of the function number must be given to one
of the NOi-entries for this purpose. In order to plot the functions only, one must enter the value
of 0 for LCS.

With LIM1 and LIM2 it is possible to show a constant limit or reference value with a horizontal
line and a printed value. The definition of literals MEAN or SDEV will show the mean values or
values shifted by the standard deviation. The definition of literals MAX, MIN or MAMI will show
the maximum and/or minimum values.

Each record SPEC or HIST produces a drawing with the current parameters.

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DYNR | Input Description

2.10 ECHO – Control of the Output Extent

ECHO

Item Description Unit Default

OPT ECHO option LT FULL

FULL output also as text

VAL Value of the output option LT FULL

FULL extensive output

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 Examples | DYNR

3 Examples

The input files which are explained here are to be found in the installation directory SOFiSTiK
in the subdirectory dyna.dat\english. Alternatively you will find these examples via the TEDDY
menu HELP > EXAMPLES sorted by program name and language.

For additional help like tutorials, tutorial movies and practical examples please refer to the
SOFiSTiK Infoportal (www.sofistik.com/Infoportal).

3.1 Dynamic Load Factors

The first example refers to the search of the dynamic load factors for various trapezoidal load-
ings. Such an analysis can be performed by DYNR without a database. The input for this
purpose would be e.g.

PROG DYNR
HEAD RESPONSE SPECTRA OF TRAPEZOIDAL FUNCTIONS
HEAD MANUAL DYNR
RESP P 0 6 0.10 0.0 0.20 1.00
FUNC 0.00 0. TITL 'TRAPEZOIDAL LOAD 1'
0.25 1. 0.025
0.75 1. 0.025
1.00 0. 0.025
SPEC
FUNC 0.00 0. TITL 'TRAPEZOIDAL LOAD 2'
0.33 1. 0.025
0.67 1. 0.025
1.00 0. 0.025
SPEC
FUNC 0.00 0. TITL 'TRIANGULAR LOAD'
0.50 1. 0.025
1.00 0. 0.025
SPEC
END

The following three pictures are obtained in this way:

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DYNR | Examples

TRAPEZOIDAL LOAD 1

Damping 0.000
Damping 0.200
Damping 1.000

Force [kN]

1.8

1.6

1.4

1.2

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0 Period
1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 [sec]

Figure 3.1: Trapezoidal load 1

TRAPEZOIDAL LOAD 2

Damping 0.000
Damping 0.200
Damping 1.000

Force [kN]

1.8

1.6

1.4

1.2

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0 Period
1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 [sec]

Figure 3.2: Trapezoidal load 2

Force [kN] TRIANGULAR LOAD

Damping 0.000
Damping 0.200
Damping 1.000

1.4

1.2

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0 Period
1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 [sec]

Figure 3.3: Triangular load

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 Examples | DYNR

3.2 Story Response Spectrum

This example makes use of the three-story frame from the manual for the program DYNA
in order to calculate a story response spectrum for the highest story. Prerequisite for that
is an excitation function, which can model the earthquake in a more realistic manner than a
sinusoidal excitation. The sinusoidal excitation can be clearly marked as a spike in the story
response spectrum making the analysis quite meaningless. For this reason, without going
in depth, an excitation function with a frequency of roughly 10 Hertz, created by a statistical
process, was selected.

First an oscillation analysis of the entire structure with the program DYNA is necessary. This is
done e.g. by the following input:

PROG DYNA
HEAD THREE-STORY FRAME BASE POINT EXCITATION
! MAXIMUM VALUES U3 = 10.2 CM ; V = 1360 KN ; M = 2040 KNM
! 0.5 CM ; V = 92 KN ; M = 138 KNM
! 0.2 CM ; V = 56 KN ; M = 84 KNM
! NATURAL FREQUENCIES 1.501 / 3.185 / 4.862 (HERTZ)
EIGE 3 REST
STEP 200 0.06
LC 51
FUNC 0.0000 0.0000; 0.1000 -0.5765; 0.2000 0.1357
FUNC 0.3000 -0.5040; 0.4000 0.5614; 0.5000 0.6055
. . .
ACCE 0 0.0 3.0
HIST U-Y 4 LCST 51
HIST A-Y 3 4 1 LCST 51
HIST MYA 1 3 1 LCST 51
END

The time variation of the displacements as well as the accelerations of the upper node (No. 4)
is now available in the database. Then DYNR plots both these variations and calculates the
story response spectrum with the following input:

PROG DYNR
HEAD RESPONSE SPECTRUM OF ROOF STOREY
HIST 51 U-Y 4 1001
HIST 51 A-Y 4 2001
HIST 51 MYA 1 1001 2 2001 3 3001
RESP A 0 1.5 0.02 0.001 0.02
EXCI 51 4 Y 1001
EXCI 51 3 Y 2001
SPEC
END

The pictures can be found in the next pages:

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DYNR | Examples

Displacement uY 4

Displacement uY [mm]

100.000

50.000

0.000 Time
2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 [sec]

−50.000

−100.000

Figure 3.4: Displacement uY [mm]

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 Examples | DYNR

Acceleration AY 4

Acceleration AY [m/sec2]

10.00

5.00

0.00 Time
2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 [sec]

−5.00

−10.00

Figure 3.5: Acceleration AY [m/sec2]

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DYNR | Examples

bending moment My beam 1

bending moment My beam 2
bending moment My beam 3

bending moment My beam [kNm]

4000.00

3000.00

2000.00

1000.00

0.00 Time
2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 [sec]

−1000.00

−2000.00

−3000.00

−4000.00

Figure 3.6: Bending moment My

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 Examples | DYNR

LOADCASE 51 NODE 4 Y
LOADCASE 51 NODE 3 Y

Damping 0.001
Damping 0.020

Acceleration [m/sec2]

200.00

150.00

100.00

50.00

0.00 Period
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 [sec]

Figure 3.7: Damping

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