Cambridge O Level: Environmental Management 5014/12

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ly/COALImain
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rebrand.ly/COALIdiscord
Cambridge O Level t.me/COALItelegram
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* 4 2 2 8 9 6 5 1 0 1 *
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 5014/12

Paper 1 Theory October/November 2020
1 hour 45 minutes
You must answer on the question paper.
No additional materials are needed.
INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer all questions.
● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
● Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
● Do not write on any bar codes.
● You may use a calculator.
● You should show all your working and use appropriate units.
INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 80.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].
This document has 20 pages. Blank pages are indicated.
DC (MB) 207498
© UCLES 2020 [Turn over
2
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Section A rebrand.ly/COALIbackup
1 The diagram shows how electricity can be generated using hydroelectric power.
t.me/COALItelegram
dam wall
sluice
gate
generator
water in turbine
reservoir
ground
(a) Use the diagram to explain how electricity is generated using a hydroelectric power station.
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............................................................................................................................................. [3]
(b) State one impact of a hydroelectric power station on the environment.
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............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(c) Other than impact on the environment, suggest reasons why some countries do not have any
hydroelectric power stations.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
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............................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 6]
© UCLES 2020 5014/12/O/N/20

3
2 The photograph shows mesh tanks in the sea where fish are farmed. rebrand.ly/COALIbackup
t.me/COALItelegram
mesh tank
(a) Suggest the purpose of the mesh tanks shown in the photograph.
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) Fish farming can help to reduce the number of wild fish caught.
State two other strategies to reduce overfishing of wild fish.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(c) Suggest two negative effects of fish farming on the environment.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 5]
© UCLES 2020 5014/12/O/N/20 [Turn over
4
3 The graph shows a typical population growth curve. rebrand.ly/COALIbackup
t.me/COALItelegram
population
X
time
(a) Name the part of the population growth curve labelled X.
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) Describe strategies for managing human population size.
...................................................................................................................................................
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...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [3]
[Total: 4]
© UCLES 2020 5014/12/O/N/20

5
4 The diagram shows part of the carbon cycle. rebrand.ly/COALIbackup
carbon dioxide in rebrand.ly/COALIdiscord
the atmosphere t.me/COALItelegram
photosynthesis combustion
respiration
respiration
factories
plants power stations
animals
vehicle emissions
respiration
decomposers
energy
Key
transfer of carbon fossil fuels
(a) Use the diagram to state two different processes that release carbon dioxide into the
atmosphere.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) Plants use carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
State where the energy for this process comes from.
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(c) Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas.
Name two other greenhouse gases.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 5]

6
Section Brebrand.ly/COALIbackup
5 (a) Access to safe drinking water is different around the world.
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(i) Suggest reasons why fewer people have access to safe drinking water in Africa than in
North America. rebrand.ly/COALIshitposting
...........................................................................................................................................
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...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) A well is one way for people to access fresh water.
State three other sources of fresh water.
1 ........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
3 ........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
[3]
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7
(b) The bar chart shows the number of people infected with cholera in different continents from
1994 to 2016.
600 000
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500 000
400 000
number
of
people
300 000
200 000
100 000
0
94
96
98
00
02
04
06
08
10
12
14
16
19
19
19
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
year
Key
Oceania
North and South America
Asia
Africa
(i) Identify the year with the total highest number of people infected with cholera.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Identify the continent with the highest number of people infected with cholera between
1999 and 2009.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Suggest what the bar chart shows about the total number of people infected with cholera
between 1994 and 2016.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
8
(c) Suggest reasons why there can be an outbreak of cholera after a natural disaster.
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...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 10]
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6 (a) A food chain in a forest ecosystem is shown. rebrand.ly/COALIbackup
tree caterpillar small bird hawk
(i) Explain what the arrow represents in this food chain. t.me/COALItelegram
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Name the tertiary consumer in this food chain.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Suggest what could happen to the number of caterpillars in this food chain if all the small
birds died.
Give a reason for your answer.
number of caterpillars ........................................................................................................
reason ...............................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
[1]
(b) The fact sheet shows information about wetlands.
Wetlands
Wetlands are important in many ways:
● Wetlands provide a habitat for a variety of different plants and animals.
● Wetlands control flooding by taking up water from tides and rivers.
● Wetlands act as filters, cleaning water and trapping toxins.
● Wetlands provide leisure facilities such as canoeing, fishing and

birdwatching.
(i) Use the fact sheet to explain why wetlands are important for maintaining biodiversity.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
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..................................................................................................................................... [2]

10
(ii) Suggest how providing leisure facilities can help to conserve wetlands.
...........................................................................................................................................
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..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) A development company wants to drain a wetland in South America to make a local town
bigger.
Four people discuss the proposed draining of the wetland.
A Town official
Draining the wetland will

provide people with homes,
shops and roads. B Scientist
The wetland is an important

habitat for several rare
species of birds and frogs. If
C Town resident the wetland is drained, the
species may become extinct.
The wetland should be

drained because it is
a breeding ground for
mosquitoes that spread D Environmental officer
malaria.
If we drain the wetland, there

will be a greater chance of
flooding in the town.
© UCLES 2020 5014/12/O/N/20

11
Do you think the wetland should be drained? rebrand.ly/COALIbackup
Support your view with reference to the comments made by the different people.
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..................................................................................................................................... [7]
[Total: 13]

12
7 (a) Marble and slate are metamorphic rocks. rebrand.ly/COALIbackup
Describe the formation of metamorphic rocks.
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...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) The bar chart shows the number of people employed in the coal mining industry in the USA
from 2012 to 2016.
100 000
90 000
80 000
70 000
60 000
number
of 50 000
people
40 000
30 000
20 000
10 000
0
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
year
Key
number of people working underground in coal mining
total number of people employed in coal mining
(i) Complete the bar chart to show that the number of people working underground in coal
mining in 2015 was 40 100. [1]
(ii) In 2013, a total of 89 900 people were employed in the coal mining industry in the USA.
The number of people working underground in coal mining was 54 500.
Calculate the percentage of people working underground in coal mining in 2013.
...................................................... % [1]
© UCLES 2020 5014/12/O/N/20
13
(iii) Suggest reasons why the total number of people employed in the coal mining industry in
the USA decreased after 2013. rebrand.ly/COALIresources
...........................................................................................................................................
t.me/COALItelegram
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(c) The photograph shows part of an opencast coal mine.
(i) The coal mine provides employment for local people.
Describe other benefits a coal mine can have for local people.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [3]
(ii) State two ways the land can be used after the coal mine closes.
1 ........................................................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................................................
[2]

14
(d) Some countries are burning less coal to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. These countries
are using other energy resources such as nuclear, wind and solar power.
Suggest reasons why some countries continue to use coal as an energy resource.
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...................................................................................................................................................
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...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [3]
[Total: 14]
© UCLES 2020 5014/12/O/N/20

15
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16
8 A scientist investigates the effect of nitrogen fertiliser on the yield of corn plants.
The table shows the results.
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mass of nitrogen fertiliser applied yield of corn increase in yield of corn
/ kg per hectare / kg per hectare rebrand.ly/COALIshitposting
/ kg
0 814 0
10 1142 328
20 1305 .............
30 1393 579
40 1417 603
50 1441 627
60 1441 627
(a) (i) Complete the table to calculate the increase in yield of corn when 20 kg per hectare of
nitrogen fertiliser is applied compared to 0 kg per hectare. [1]
(ii) Plot, on the grid, a line graph of the increase in yield of corn against mass of nitrogen
fertiliser applied.
[4]
© UCLES 2020 5014/12/O/N/20
17
(iii) Use the data to predict what will happen to the yield of corn if rebrand.ly/COALIbackup
70 kg per hectare of
nitrogen fertiliser is applied. rebrand.ly/COALIresources
...........................................................................................................................................
t.me/COALItelegram
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iv) Suggest two environmental factors that can cause a change in the yield of corn.
1 ........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) Overuse of fertilisers can cause river pollution.
Explain how fertilisers get into rivers.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(c) Crop yield can be increased by using genetically modified plants.
Explain two ways genetically modified plants can increase yield.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 12]

18
9 A student reads some information about flooding in Bangladesh. rebrand.ly/COALIbackup
Flooding in Bangladesh rebrand.ly/COALIdiscord
t.me/COALItelegram
Bangladesh is a very low-lying country in Asia. Bangladesh has large rivers that split into
many smaller rivers near the sea. These smaller rivers are surrounded by flood plains. Flood
plains are areas of land that are covered by water when rivers overflow.
Every year, during the wet season, there is flooding. After flooding, a layer of nutrient-rich
sediment is left on the land. This makes the soil very fertile.
In some years, the flooding in Bangladesh is very large-scale. In 1987, 57 300 km2 of land was
flooded. In 1988, another big flood covered 82 000 km2 of land. The flood of 1998 covered
77 700 km2 of land. In 2004, about 70 800 km2 of land was flooded.
(a) (i) State the meaning of flood plain.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Use the information about flooding in Bangladesh to give one reason why flood plains
are important.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Present the data from the information in a suitable table to show the area of land flooded in
each year given.
[3]
© UCLES 2020 5014/12/O/N/20

19
(c) The student says, rebrand.ly/COALIbackup
Small-scale flooding is a rebrand.ly/COALIdiscord
good thing, even though it t.me/COALItelegram
can cause damage. rebrand.ly/COALIshitposting
To what extent do you agree with this statement? Give reasons for your answer.
...................................................................................................................................................
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............................................................................................................................................. [6]
[Total: 11]
© UCLES 2020 5014/12/O/N/20

20
BLANK PAGE rebrand.ly/COALIbackup
t.me/COALItelegram
The boundaries and names shown, the designations used and the presentation of material on the maps contained in this question paper/insert do not imply
official endorsement or acceptance by Cambridge Assessment International Education concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area or any of its
authorities, or of the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.
Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which itself is a department of the University of Cambridge.
© UCLES 2020 5014/12/O/N/20

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ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 5014/12

You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials are needed.

This document has 20 pages. Blank pages are indicated.

(b) State one impact of a hydroelectric power station on the environment.

© UCLES 2020 5014/12/O/N/20

State two other strategies to reduce overfishing of wild fish.

(c) Suggest two negative effects of fish farming on the environment.

(a) Name the part of the population growth curve labelled X.

(b) Describe strategies for managing human population size.

© UCLES 2020 5014/12/O/N/20

(b) Plants use carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.

State where the energy for this process comes from.

(c) Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas.

Name two other greenhouse gases.

© UCLES 2020 5014/12/O/N/20 [Turn over

(ii) A well is one way for people to access fresh water.

State three other sources of fresh water.

© UCLES 2020 5014/12/O/N/20

© UCLES 2020 5014/12/O/N/20

(ii) Name the tertiary consumer in this food chain.

number of caterpillars ........................................................................................................

(b) The fact sheet shows information about wetlands.

Wetlands are important in many ways:

● Wetlands provide a habitat for a variety of different plants and animals.

● Wetlands control flooding by taking up water from tides and rivers.

● Wetlands act as filters, cleaning water and trapping toxins.

● Wetlands provide leisure facilities such as canoeing, fishing and

© UCLES 2020 5014/12/O/N/20 [Turn over

Four people discuss the proposed draining of the wetland.

Draining the wetland will

The wetland is an important

The wetland should be

If we drain the wetland, there

© UCLES 2020 5014/12/O/N/20

© UCLES 2020 5014/12/O/N/20 [Turn over

total number of people employed in coal mining

Calculate the percentage of people working underground in coal mining in 2013.

(c) The photograph shows part of an opencast coal mine.

(i) The coal mine provides employment for local people.

© UCLES 2020 5014/12/O/N/20 [Turn over

© UCLES 2020 5014/12/O/N/20

© UCLES 2020 5014/12/O/N/20 [Turn over

(b) Overuse of fertilisers can cause river pollution.

Explain how fertilisers get into rivers.

(c) Crop yield can be increased by using genetically modified plants.

Explain two ways genetically modified plants can increase yield.

© UCLES 2020 5014/12/O/N/20 [Turn over

(a) (i) State the meaning of flood plain.

© UCLES 2020 5014/12/O/N/20

© UCLES 2020 5014/12/O/N/20

© UCLES 2020 5014/12/O/N/20

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