Tugas Mata kuliah Manajemen Tanggap Darurat – K3 Stikes Binawan

Kelompok VI : 1. Dwi Hari Suryanto,

2. Ummu Hamdiyyah,
3. Risa Indah Prawesti

Hospital Emergency & Evacuation Procedure

Hospitals are subject to evacuations and disaster on occasion.
Hospitals are where you go when you are in trouble or need of medical assistance. Hospitals
become overrun with additional patients during emergencies, but there are times when a
hospital itself needs to be evacuated. Evacuations of a hospital need to be planned in advance
and various scenarios need to be addressed in the master evacuation plan. Evacuation
procedures for a hospital need to be understood and communicated with both staff and
patients. Hospitals must have detailed evacuation plans.

Evacuating a hospital should never be done lightly, because there are many things to take into
consideration before moving patients. Since a hospital evacuation will require as many
personnel as possible, even those not qualified to perform medical duties, each staff member
should be aware of what goes into initiating an evacuation.

A. Responsibilities of Evacuation Coordinators

Evacuation coordinators have several responsibilities.

Although emergency situations cannot be predicted, they can be effectively managed through
planning and organization. Most schools, businesses, hospitals and government institutions
create emergency evacuation procedures to maximize safety and minimize injury. An
important component of an evacuation plan is the institution of an evacuation coordinator.
Evacuation coordinators fulfill numerous responsibilities to ensure the well-being of
everyone in an emergency situation.

1. Post and Circulate Evacuation Plan.

Evacuation coordinators should post and circulate the evacuation plan so that all staff
and personnel is familiar with all aspects of the plan. The plan should also be
reviewed and updated at regular intervals to maintain maximum effectiveness.

2. Delegate Responsibility
Evacuation coordinators are responsible for informing personnel of all emergency
evacuation procedures so that, in the event of an emergency, each person knows
where to exit, exactly what their individual responsibilities are and who they're
accountable for.

3. Designate Meeting Site

Evacuation coordinators are responsible for informing all staff and personnel of the
designated meeting site. They should also provide staff with a list of personnel in their
area of responsibility, so the staff can perform a head count at the designated meeting
site to ensure that everyone is present.
 4. Verify Evacuation
In the event of an evacuation, coordinators are responsible for ensuring that the plan
has been followed and that all staff and personnel have been safely evacuated from
the building. Coordinators also have to make sure that the staff has led their charges to
their designated areas.

5. Communicate with First Responders

It is the evacuation coordinator's responsibility to communicate with the responding
emergency personnel. When policemen, firemen or other emergency professionals
arrive, the evacuation coordinator must tell them what emergency situation has
occurred, who, if anyone is still inside, who is injured, disabled or needs special
attention, and any other information pertinent to the emergency situation.

6. Verify Re-Entry
When an emergency occurs, the evacuation coordinator is responsible for maintaining
communication with emergency personnel to keep informed about when the building
is safe for re-entry. When the evacuation coordinator has been told the building is
safe, it is his or her responsibility to alert all staff and personnel to return to the
building.

7. Facilitate Drills
The key to a successful building evacuation is preparation. To this end, it is the
evacuation coordinator's responsibility to facilitate regular evacuation drills to ensure
everyone in the building is comfortable and familiar with the evacuation routine

B. Hospital Emergency & Evacuation Plans or Steps

1. Types
Evacuations due to natural disasters or health hazards may be unavoidable, and should
be done quickly and initiated at a moment's notice, whereas planned evacuations, such
as a hospital move, will be planned for by hospital personnel months in advance.

2. Notifications and Announcements

Sound the alarm system that is connected throughout the entire facility as soon as
occurrence is discovered that would warrant an evacuation of the hospital. Make sure
that the flashing strobe lights go on as well since the benefit of utilizing both an
audible and visual alarm system in a hospital warns patients and staff in both ways.
Ensure that the alarm sounds and the lights flash throughout the entire building. Use
the hospital's public address or speaker system to make an announcement that an
evacuation of the facility is being enacted.

3. Call for Help

Immediately call your local emergency dispatch center by dialing 9-1-1/118 and
describe the situation and let them know that you have begun the process of
evacuating the hospital. Contact any additional fire departments or emergency
responders located closest to you. Also, contact the personnel in the hospital that are
responsible for overall safety and security of the facility and notify them of the
evacuation.
 4. Techniques
Patients may be evacuated in a variety of methods, according to a document put out
by the Department Centers for Terrorism Preparedness and Planning. Ideally patients
would be moved on stretchers, however, if the need arises, patients may even be
dragged to a safe location on a blanket.

Complications during a hospital evacuation are expected; telecommunications may be

nonexistent, and patient participation is variable. In order to maintain control, each
hospital employee is expected to understand and be ready to execute either a
horizontal or vertical evacuation. First aider / employees should remove patients who
are in immediate danger first.

Horizontal evacuations require the removal of patients to a safer area within that same
floor, while vertical evacuation is performed when the entire building needs to be
cleared. Vertical evacuation is performed when the entire hospital structure is
threatened, requiring all floors of care to be emptied.

5. Get Patients to Safety

The first thing in evacuating the hospital is to make sure that all patients are removed
from the building. Patients who can walk on their own should follow the same
evacuation path and route as staff to get to safety as quickly as possible. Evacuating
the remaining patients involves using hospital staff to assist. Patients should be moved
to alternate hospitals so that they can continue to receive the treatment and support
they require. Patients who do not require continual medical attention should be
evacuated to a designated safe location and their transport from that point can be
coordinated after all have been evacuated.

6. Get Staff and Remaining Personnel to Safety

Staff and hospital personnel that did not evacuate to assist with patients are to be
evacuated in a manner that complies with the standard evacuation procedures of the
hospital. All staff should be routed to the designated safe location so that they can be
accounted for. It is essential that staff be evacuated in a safe and timely manner.

7. Training
Hospital management must be able to evaluate which patients should be moved, and if
there are any special considerations. Staff should also be familiar with the quickest
and safest evacuation routes prior to moving any patient. Many hospitals will perform
simulated evacuations with healthy staff members posing as patients to allow other
staff the opportunity for practice.

C. General steps in emergency & evacuation condition

1. Know your company's evacuation procedures.

Evacuation procedures for office or similar buildings will vary depending on staff
size, building size and the type of emergency that is requiring that the office be
evacuated. However, there are evacuation procedures which remain constant, whether
you are reacting to a bomb threat, fire or a volatile materials release.
2. Stay Calm
As soon as you hear an alarm or are told you need to evacuate the building, stay calm.
Fear is contagious, and if you panic, your co-workers may panic.

3. Exit
Stop what you are doing and move to the nearest exit. Only if it is safe to do so,
should you stop to grab personal belongings, such as your purse, car keys or jacket.
Under no circumstances should you try gathering files, photos or other items that you
will not immediately need, insists the Office of Emergency Preparedness at the
government rescue devision.

4. Avoid Elevators
Avoid using the elevator to evacuate the building. Not only does the government
rescue devision not recommend using elevators, so do other fire preparedness
organizations like the government Fire Department’s Fire Prevention Division.
During a fire or other threat, elevators may not work properly, and you could be stuck
in the building, without a means of escape.

5. Assist those with Disabilities or Other Impairments

Those who have difficulty moving should move to a more protected environment,
such as a stair well or enclosed office area, away from immediate danger. Relying on
the buddy system, they should have a co-worker relay their position to the fire
department. For the hearing or visually impaired, you must find a way to
communicate the danger to them, and help them evacuate. Have a piece of paper and
pen handy, in case you need to write quick commands, for those who are hearing
impaired, suggests the Office of Emergency Preparedness at the government rescue
devision.

6. Designated Meeting Area

All building personnel should congregate at a designated meeting area, at least 100
feet outside the building, suggests the government Fire Department. Never re-enter
the building, unless you have received permission from police or other authorities on
the scene.