ANSWER KEY 3.

a. Octahedron
b. Tetrahedron
c. Hexahedron
d. Icosahedron
e. Dodecahedron
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of the Education PUBLIC TECHNICAL-VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOLS

Unit of Competency: Construct Orthographic Projection

Module Title: Constructing Orthographic

Module No.: 3
Projection
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Copyright Department of Education 2008

First Published JUNE 2008

This draft was prepared at the Competency-Based Learning

Materials Development Workshop conducted at the Marikina Hotel,
Marikina City on February 18-22, 2008 and Development Academy of
the Philippines (DAP) on May 5-10, 2008.

This learning instrument was developed by the following

personnel:

Technology Teachers:

Mario S. Gregorio, Ed.D.

Tagum National Trade School
Tagum City, Davao del Norte, Region XI

Roy S. Luneta
Bauan Technical High School
Bauan, Batangas

Ariel F. Maglalang
Assemblywoman Felicita G. Bernardino
Memorial Trade School, Lias, Marilao, Bulacan, Region III

Juanito Bugaoisan
Don Alejandro Roces, Sr. Science and Technology
San Fernando, La Union

Arlene V. Tobias
Mabalacat Technical High School
Mabalacat, Pampanga

Facilitator:

Aida T. Galura
Angeles City National Trade School
Sunset Valley, Angeles City
 Encoders:

Mel Contapay
Office of Legal Affairs
Department of Education
Meralco Ave., Pasig City

Maria Riza Zamora

DepED Budget Division
Meralco Ave., Pasig City

The Refinement And Enrichment Of The Competency-Based

Curriculum and Competency-Based Learning Materials was done in
Marikina Hotel, Marikina City on April 13-18, 2009 through the
concerted effort of the following writers:

Technology Teachers:

Mario S. Gregorio Ed. D.

Tagum National Trade School
Tagum City, Davao del Norte, Region 11

Condrado C. Casulla
Pangasinan School of Arts and Trades
Lingayen, Pangasinan, Region 01

Nelson M. Arisga
Malvar National High School
Malvar, Batangas, Region 4A

Alexander M. Latoga
Manuel S. Enverga Memorial College of Arts and Trades
Mauban, Quezon, Region 4A

Mirasol F. Dasig
San Pedro Relocation Center National High School
San Pedro, Laguna
Region 4A

Contextual Writer:

Marvin R. Viernes
Muntinlupa Business High School
Muntinlupa City, NCR
 Encoder:

Lawrence D. Cruz
DepEd EID-TS
DepEd Complex Meralco Ave.
Quezon City

Jeffree O. Ponce
DepEd EID-TS
DepEd Complex Meralco Ave.
Quezon City

Facilitator:

Orlando E. Manuel PhD

Principal
Cabarroguis National School of Arts and Trades
Cabarroguis, Quirino
Region 02

This work was produced with funding provided by the

Department of Education.

REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING

Giesecke, Mitchell, and Spencer. Technical Drawing; The Macmillan

Company: 1949.

French and Vierck. Engineering Drawing; MacGraw, Hill Book Company,10 th

editon: 1960

German M. Manaois. Drafting 1 and 2; Phoenix Publishing:1983

Norman Stirling. Introduction to Technical Drawing; Delmar Publishing:

1977
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page

How to Use this Module ……………………………………………….. I

Introduction ……………………………………………….. ii
Technical Terms …………………………………………………………. iii
Learning Outcome 1 –Construct Orthographic Views ………………….. 1
Learning Experiences/Activities …………………………………. 2
Information Sheet 1.1 …………………………………………… 3
Operation Sheet 1.1 …………………………………………… 14
Self – Check 1.1 …………………………………………………….. 28
Self - Check 1.2 …………………………………………… 29
Self -Check 1.3 ……………………………………………………… 30
Self -Check 1.4 ………………………………………………….. 31

Operation Sheet 1.2 ………………………………………….. 34

Self – Check 1.5 …………………………………………………….. 38
Self – Check 1.6 …………………………………………………….. 39
Self – Check 1.7 …………………………………………………….. 40
Learning Outcome 2 – Apply General Specific Dimensions ……… 41
Learning Experiences/Activities ………………………………….. 42
Information Sheet 2.1 ……………………………………………… 43
Self Check 2.1 ………………………………………………………… 45
Self Check 2.2 ………………………………………………………… 47
Assessment Resources ………………………………………………….. 49
Answer Key ………………………………………………….. 51-57
 HOW TO USE THIS MODULE

Activities are properly arranged in this module to help you work on

your own pace. This module also covers the knowledge, skills, and desirable
attitude you need in technical drawing.

A Pre-assessment precedes the learning activities in each module to

determine your learning level and need.

The Learning Activity Page gives the sequence of the learning task.
This page serves as the road map in achieving the desired objectives.

When you are able to accomplish all the tasks required, a post-
assessment is given to check if you are already competent with the specified
learning outcome/s and ready for the next task.

Definitions of terms are provided in this module for your better

understanding.
Program/ Course : TECHNICAL DRAWING I

Unit of Competency : CONSTRUCT ORTHOGRAPHIC

PROJECTIONS

Module Title : Constructing Orthographic

Projections

INTRODUCTION

Orthographic Projection is the graphical representation of the different

views of an object to show the necessary information. Through this module,
a student can construct two forms of orthographic projection such as
orthographic views and pictorial views. Orthographic views represent front
view, top view, right side view, bottom view, rear view and left side view while
pictorial view represents a complete shape of an object.
Also, through this module, a student can apply general and specific
dimension: the height, width, and depth of an object.

SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES

Upon the completion of this module, you will be able to:
LO1 Construct Orthographic Views
LO2 Apply general and specific dimensions
 TECHNICAL TERMS

Orthographic - is a method of representing three dimensions.

Projection- is an object on a plane having only length and breadth.
Right Angle – is an angle with a measure of 90 degrees.
Dimension – is a radial or linear length (width, height, depth) labeled on a
technical drawing.
Measurement – is the process or result of measuring anything.
Metric system of measurement – is an international system of
measurement
English system of measurement- is an American standard system
of measurement
Metric – pertains to the metric system of measurement.
Dimensioning – is an act of measuring a drawing.
Program/ Course : TECHNICAL DRAWING I

Unit of Competency : CONSTRUCT ORTHOGRAPHIC

PROJECTIONS

Module Title : Constructing Orthographic

Projections

LO1.Construct orthographic views

Assessment Criteria:
1. Principles of orthographic projection are clearly explained and
discussed.
2. Projection of principal views is clearly demonstrated.
3. Principal views are accurately constructed based on a given pictorial.
4. Supplying missing lines is accurately solved and illustrated.
5. Proper manipulation of drafting tools and equipment is performed.
6. Safety work habits are highly practiced.

References:

Giesecke, Mitchell, and Spencer. Technical Drawing; The Macmillan

Company: 1949.

French and Vierck. Engineering Drawing; MacGraw, Hill Book Company,10 th

edition: 1960

German M. Manaois. Drafting 1 and 2; Phoenix Publishing:1983

Norman Stirling. Introduction to Technical Drawing; Delmar Publishin

LEARNING EXPERIENCES/ACTIVITIES

Learning Outcome # 1: Construct Orthographic Drawing

Learning Activities Special Instruction
1. After reading the information
sheet no. 1 and 2, you are
required to answer the self
check 1.1.
2. Given the operation sheet no.
1.1, read and perform the
procedure in constructing
orthographic views on self
checks 1.2, 1.3, 1.4.
3. Proceed to operation sheet no.
1.2, read and analyze the
operating steps in
constructing pictorial view.
4. Perform the task on self
checks no. 1.2, 1.3, 1.4.
 Ask your teacher for further
clarification on items not clear
to you.
 When you are through with the
activity, review/ check your
work.
 INFORMATION SHEET # 1.1

LO1. Construct orthographic drawing

Orthographic projection is a method of representing the exact shape

of the object by dropping two or more perpendicular to a plane generally at
right angle.

As basic requirement in performing drawing activities, the students

must have the basic knowledge on alphabet of lines.
The following are the basic alphabet of lines that are used in
orthographic drawing.

1. Visible lines – Used to show visible edges or contours of an object

(NOTE: Visible lines are sometimes called object lines.)

MEDIUM

MEDIUM

2. Hidden lines – Represented by a series of medium weight dashes

used to show the hidden or invisible edges of an object.
3. Center lines – Used to show the centers of holes of circular object
or shape.

THIN

4. Section lines – Used to show a surface that has been cut in a section
view. The surface indicated with section line is presumed to be solid
portion.

MEDIUM

5. Extension lines – Indicates the limit of a dimension line.

THIN
6.Dimension lines – Used to show the size (dimensions) of an object;
spans from one extension line to the next, has arrowhead at both ends,
and is broken in the middle fro the measurement number (dimension).

7.Leader lines – Used to direct descriptive major information, notes, or

special dimensions to features on the drawing and done mechanically.

LEADER LINE
THIN

Both are
THICK cutting plane lines

8.Cutting-plane lines – Used to show where a section has been taken;

arrows on the end show the direction in which the section was taken.

9.Break lines – Used to show that part of the object has been removed or
broken away

a. Short break lines are for freehand, jagged lines and applicable
for small objects only.

MEDIUM
 b. Long break lines are solid with a Z symbol inserted in several
places and done mechanically and applicable for big objects
only.

MEDIUM

10.Reference line – an irregular fine curve line with an arrowhead at one

end used for indicating the measurement and name of a part.

THIN

Two Methods of Shape Representation

A. Orthographic Views
B. Pictorial Views (Refer to Operation Sheet #1.2)

Orthographic view-is a representation of two or more separate views. This

can be represented into six principal views and regular views

1. The Three Regular Views

Orthographic views can be represented by two or more separate views,
however, it is advisable to illustrate three views to show clear and detail
presentation of at least three principal views of the object. The following are:

1. Top View
2. Front View
3. Side View
 TOP VIEW

FRONT VIEW SIDE VIEW

Fig. 1. Three Regular Views

2. The Six Principal Views (see Fig. 2)

1. Top View. It is drawn above the front.

2. Front View. It is drawn vertically aligned and below
the top view
3. Right Side View. This located at the right side and
aligned with the front view.
4. Left Side View. The opposite of the right side view. It is
located at the left side and aligned with the front
view.
5. Rear View. The opposite view of the front view. It is located
aligned after either at the right side view or left
side view.
6. Bottom View. The opposite view of the top view. This must
be drawn vertically aligned and below the front
view.
 TOP VIEW

LEFT SIDE VIEW

FRONT VIEW RIGHT SIDE VIEW REAR VIEW

BOTTOM VIEW

Fig. 2 shows the six principal views. Further, it shows the

proper location of the top view, front view, right side view,
left side view, rear view, and bottom view

Plan View or Top View

This can be little more difficult to visualize because you have to imagine
yourself moving over the top of the object and looking vertically downward. The left-
hand and right-hand illustration on the next page show how the plan is placed
above the front. Again, sketch the light vertical construction lines to locate the plan
in its proper position. Draw these upward from each corner of the front view and
line-in the plan of the right.
 TOP VIEW

FRONT VIEW

Front View

Concentrate on the front view. If you look at it correctly the effect will
be seen below at the left, while the below right illustration shows what you
will actually see. Notice that in the left-hand drawing, you can only see the
dark-inked front “face” of the object. Notice also that you cannot see any of
the other sides of the object. This is because all those sides are “going away”
from you in your line of sight and are simply not visible from your view
point. They are still there, of course, but are hidden behind the outer edges
of the first face.
 FRONT VIEW

CORRECT VIEWING OF THE THE FRONT VIEW AS SEEN

FRONT FACE

Right-Side View

Right-side view should be drawn at the right side of front view. Imagine
moving around the object to look directly at its right side. How you see it is
shown below-left and what you see is shown below-right. Again the faces you
actually see are heavily outlined.

FRONT VIEW RIGHT- SIDE VIEW

The right-side view drawn at the right of the front view

 RIGHT- SIDE VIEW AS SEEN
CORRECT VIEWING OF
THE RIGHT-SIDE FACE

Pictorial View is a representation of a complete shape of the object.

Pictorial View of a Step Block

 Identifying the vertical and horizontal view

The Space Dimension

This refers to the three dimension standards of the pictorial view such
as: height, width, and depth.
Height is the distance elevation from top to bottom.
Width is the distance from left side to the right
side. Depth is the distance from front to rear.

HEIGHT

WIDTH DEPTH
The ten principles to be considered in constructing orthographic
drawing/projection are:

1. Top view is directly above the front view.

2. Side views are horizontally aligned with the front view and rear
view.
3. The width of the top view is equal to the width of the side view.
4. When a line or edge is viewed perpendicularly to a plane or
surface, projection will appear as a point.
5. A line or edge parallel to a plane of projection will also appear as a
line or edge in its exact shape or true length.
6. A line or edge inclined to the plane of projection will appear
shorter or foreshortened.
7. A surface perpendicular to the plane will appear as a line or edge
equal in length to the nearest edge of the surface which in this
case is either its length or its width depending on its position.
8. A surface parallel to the plane of projection will be shown in its
exact or true shape and size.
9. A surface inclined to the plane of projection will also appear as a
surface but smaller in size and shape.
10. No line or edge of the object can be projected longer than its true
length.
 OPERATION SHEET # 1.1

LO1. Construct orthographic views

Condition or Situation for the Operation:

Given pictorial view with corresponding dimensions and draw the
three regular views.

Equipment, Tools and Materials:

T-Square, triangle (30 x 60, 45 x 45), French curve compass, elliptical
template, drafting knife, butt paper and eraser

Procedure: (See follow-up illustration on the next page)

To draw orthographic views of the given pictorial view, first determine
the number of views needed, then decide which surface will become the front
view. Establish the space needed between views for dimensioning and
calculate the center of the drawing, then proceed to the following steps.

PICTORIAL DRAWING
STEP 1. Draw the vertical and horizontal axis.
Space between top view and front view

Length

FRONT VIEW

STEP 2. Divide the axis by indicating marking lines

according to the given dimensions of the width of
the top view, height of the front view and space
between top view and front view.
Space between top view
and front view

FRONT VIEW

STEP 3. Construct the enclosing box of the top view and front view by
projecting the marking lines horizontally and vertically.
Space between top view and front view

450

Length

FRONT VIEW

STEP 4. Construct diagonal line at 45 degrees angle using

45 deg. X 45 deg. Triangle from the upper right
corner of the enclosing box of the front view.
 INTERSECTING POINT

450

Length

FRONT VIEW

STEP 5. Project down the two intersecting points to get the

width of the right side view and to form its
enclosing box.
 INTERSECTING POINT

450

Length

FRONT VIEW

STEP 6. Divide proportioning distance of top view and

front view by indicating marking lines.
 INTERSECTING POINT

450

FRONT VIEW

STEP 7. Draw the details of top view front view and side
view by projecting the marking lines horizontally
and vertically.
 INTERSECTING POINT

450

FRONT VIEW

STEP 8. Darken the final edges of the top view, front view
and right side view
 INTERSECTING POINT

450

FRONT VIEW

STEP 9. Divide the provided space for dimensioning by

indicating marking lines.
 INTERSECTING POINT

450

FRONT VIEW

STEP 10. Sketch light lines for dimension lines and

extension lines by projecting the marking lines
horizontally and vertically.
 INTERSECTING POINT

40
450

FRONT VIEW

STEP 11. Draw final dimension lines and extension lines.

.
.
 INTERSECTING POINT

10 10 30

40 10
450

16

40

12

FRONT VIEW

STEP 12. Indicate the measurements.

.
.
 TOP VIEW

10 10 30

40 10

16

40

12

FRONT VIEW RIGHT SIDE VIEW

STEP 13. Label the top, front and right side views.
Finally, erase the construction lines.

Evaluation:
Teacher evaluates using the following criteria:
1. All operating steps in the construction of the given problem are
correctly followed.
2. The object is accurately drawn according to the given measurements.
3. All drawing instruments used in the drawing are properly
manipulated according to the standards.
4. The drawing is neatly done.
 SELF CHECK # 1.1

Direction: On the blank provided before each item, write the words that
make the sentence complete and correct.

1. Dimension line must be terminated by an .

2.The length of arrowhead must be .

3. It is a thin and dark solid line that extends from a point on

the drawing to which the dimension refers.
4. It is a gap, and a distance of the extension line to the object.

5.It is the exact width of the arrowhead.

6. The distance from front to rear.

7. It is the opposite view of the top view.

8. The first step in constructing orthographic drawing.

9. It is the opposite view of the front view.

10. It is the distance between object outline and dimension line.

 SELF CHECK # 1.2

Direction: Given the pictorial view, construct the three orthographic views.

PICTORIAL VIEW
 SELF CHECK # 1.3

DIRECTION: Given pictorial drawing, solve the three

Regular views

50 13
 SELF CHECK # 1.4

DIRECTION: Given pictorial drawing, solve the three

Regular views

50

45
15

15
Other suggested Activities:

Direction: Supply the missing visible and hidden lines in the Orthographic
views below.

A B
Direction: Supply the missing visible and hidden lines in the pictorial
drawings below.
 OPERATION SHEET # 1.2

LO1. Construct orthographic drawing

Condition or Situation for the Operation:

Given the three orthographic views with corresponding dimensions,
draw the orthographic drawing (pictorial view).

Pictorial View – a drawing that represents the complete shape of an object.

Below demonstrates how pictorial drawing is constructed.

TOP VIEW
10

24

16 18
24
34
10
26

10

FRONT VIEW RIGHT SIDE VIEW

Equipment, Tools and Materials:
T-Square, triangle (30 x 60, 45 x 45), French curve compass, elliptical
template, drafting knife, butt paper, and eraser.

Procedure: (See follow-up illustration on the next page)

Precaution:
Observe and practice the proper uses and care of the drawing
instruments.
Evaluation:
Teacher evaluates using the following criteria:
1. All operating steps in the construction of the given problem are
correctly followed.
2. The object is accurately drawn according to the given measurements.
3. All drawing instruments used in the drawing are properly
manipulated according to the standards.
4. The drawing is neatly done.

STEP 1. Draw the axis (Use 30 x 60 triangle for

inclined axis).
STEP 2. Lay out the proportion of an object in the
enclosing box for the whole object or
principal portion of it.

STEP 3. Project measurements.

STEP 4. Sketch the enclosing box.

 STEP 5. Divide one axis for proportioning
distance and sketch the most
dominant detail of the object.

STEP 6. Complete the construction

details.

STEP 7. Darken the final edges and erase

the construction lines.
 SELF CHECK # 1.5

Direction: Given the three orthographic views, construct a pictorial view.

TOP VIEW

50 30
15

35

FRONT VIEW SIDE VIEW

 SELF CHECK # 1.6

DIRECTION: Given the three orthographic views, draw the Pictorial view.

TOP VIEW

. 10

27
12

60

10
20

50
10

FRONT VIEW R. SIDE VIEW

 SELF CHECK # 1.7

DIRECTION: Given the orthographic views, draw the pictorial.

TOP VIEW
10

5
27
12

40
10 10
10
5

45
20
10

FRONT VIEW RIGHT SIDE VIEW

Program/ Course : TECHNICAL DRAWING I

Unit of Competency : CONSTRUCT ORTHOGRAPHIC

PROJECTIONS

Module Title : Constructing Orthographic

Projections

LO2. Supply general and specific dimensions

Assessment Criteria:
1. Measurements are correctly converted from English to Metric.
2. Dimensioning is manually/CAI- supplied on orthographic and
isometric drawing in accordance with standard specifications.
3. All dimensions using notation on special features of object are
supplied accordingly.

References:
Giesecke, Mitchell, and Spencer. Technical Drawing; The Macmillan
Company: 1949.

French and Vierck. Engineering Drawing; MacGraw, Hill Book Company,10 th

editon: 1960

German M. Manaois. Drafting 1 and 2; Phoenix Publishing:1983

Norman Stirling. Introduction to Technical Drawing; Delmar Publishing:

1977
LEARNING EXPERIENCES/ACTIVITIES

Learning Outcome # 2: Supply General and Specific Dimension

Learning Activities Special Instruction

2. Read the information sheet no.

2 on conversion of
measurement.

3. Answer the self check no. 2.1.

 Try to answer the self check no.
Compare your answer to the
3.2 the best you can.
answer key.

4. Go back and review the

information if some items are
not correctly answered.
 INFORMATION SHEET # 2.1

LO2. Supply general and specific dimension

Dimensioning
Dimensions are given in the form of linear distances, angles or notes
irrespective of the dimensioning units being used.

The following are the essential elements to be considered in

dimensioning technique:
1. character of lines
2. spacing of the dimensions
3. the arrow heads
4. the use of extension lines.

The arrow heads indicate the direction and extent of a dimension. It

should be uniformed in size as 3mm. length width.

Spacing of the dimension lines

The dimension nearest to the object being outlined should be spaced

at least 10 mm. away. All other dimension lines should be at least 6 mm.
apart. However, if more space is available, the spacing of dimensions line
should be uniformed throughout the drawing.

Extension line

A thin and dark solid line that extends from a point on the drawing to
which a dimension refers. The dimension line meets the extension lines at
right except in special cases. A gap distance of at least 2 mm. from the object
outline should extend about 3 mm. (1/8) beyond the outermost arrowhead.
System of Measurements

There are two systems of measurement applied in drawing such as

English and metric.

1. English System

As used in drawing, specifically refers to inches and feet unit of

measurement

2. Metric System

It is an International System (IS) of measurement as applied in

drawing. This is based upon the meter or millimeter as a linear
unit of measurement

Metric Equivalent (Commonly used in drawing)

1 inch = 2.54 centimeters = 254 millimeters

1 foot = 30.5 centimeters = 305 millimeters

1 foot = .305 meter

How to Convert English System to Metric System?

Example 1:

To convert 18 inches to centimeters

18 in X 30.5 cm
12 in
= 18 X 30.5 cm
12
= 18 X 2.54 cm
= 45.7 cm
Example 2:

To convert 84 centimeters to inches

84 cm X 12 in
30.5 cm
= 84 X 12 in
30.5
= 31.6 inches
 SELF CHECK # 2.1
LO2. Supply general and specific dimension

Direction:
A. Fill in the blanks.

1. A form of linear distances, angles, or notes

irrespective of the dimensioning units being used.
2. It is the length of the arrowheads.
3. It is a thin and solid line that extend from a point
on the drawing to which the dimension refers.
4. It is a gap distance between extension line
and object line.
5. It is the exact width of the arrowhead.

B. Enumeration
1. Identify the two systems of measurement.
a.
b.
2. Recognize the essential elements to be considered in
dimensioning. a.
b.
c.
d.

C. Problem Solving
1. Convert 32 inches to centimeter.
2. Convert 6 inches to centimeter.
D. Direction: Given the three orthographic views, supply the missing general
Dimensions of the top view, front view, and side view.

TOP VIEW

60 50

15 ? 15 40 ?
20

?
20

FRONT VIEW RIGHT SIDE VIEW

 SELF CHECK # 2.2
Direction:

I. On the blank provided before each item, write the word or group of words
that will make the sentence complete and correct.

1. Dimension line must be terminated by a .

2.The length of arrowhead must be .

3. It is a thin and dark solid line that extends from a point on

the drawing to which the dimension refers.
4. It is a gap and a distance of the extension line to the object.

5.It is the exact width of the arrowhead.

6. The distance from front to rear

7. It is the opposite view of the top view

8. The first step in constructing orthographic drawing

9. It is the opposite view of the front view

10. It is the distance between object outline and dimension line

II. Enumeration:
1. Give the two systems of measurements
a.
b.
2. Identify the essential elements to be considered in dimensioning
a.
b.
c.
d.
 3 Enumerate the six principal views according to their standard
placement.
a.
b.
c.
d
e
f.
4. Identify the two methods of shape representation.
a.
b.
5. Identify the three-space dimensions.
a.
b
c

III Essay type

1. Discuss briefly the following;
a. Pictorial View
b. Orthographic Projection
c. Dimensioning Technique

IV. Illustrate the steps in constructing orthographic drawing based on

the given pictorial view.
 ASSESSMENT RESOURCES

Performance Assessment

Scoring Rubrics

Criteria Score
(Tick the corresponding pts.)
Accuracy
50
45
40
Speed
10
6
8
Neatness
25
20
15
Lettering/Labeling
15
12
10
8
Total

Performance Criteria:

 Accuracy
50 pts - The output is accurately done.
45 pts - Two to five errors are observed on the output.
40 pts. - Six to ten errors are observed on the output.

 Speed
10 pts - The output is done 5 minutes before the time.
8 pts - The output is done on time.
6 pts. - The output is done after the allotted time.
 Neatness
25 pts. - No errors made on the output.
20 pts - Two to three erasures made on the output.
15 pts - Four or more erasures made on the output.
 Lettering/Labeling

15 pts. - All information must be completely indicated and legibly

printed.
10 pts. - Pieces of information are legibly printed but some are
missing.
 ANSWER KEY # 1.1
I.
1. arrow heads
2. 3mm
3. extension line
4. 2mm
5. 2mm
6. depth
7. bottom view
8. draw axis
9. rear view
10. 10 mm
 ANSWER KEY 1.2

TOP VIEW

10
30
20

40 30

20 10
10 20
.
10
25

10
15

FRONT VIEW RIGHT SIDE VIEW

ANSWER KEY 1.3

PICTORIAL VIEW