Ial Biology
Ial Biology
Ial Biology
Biology
Advanced
Unit 4: The Natural Environment and Species Survival
Instructions
• Use black ink or ball-point pen.
• centre
Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
number and candidate number.
• Answer all questions.
• Answer the questions in the spaces provided
– there may be more space than you need.
Information
• The total mark for this paper is 90.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
• written
Questions labelled with an asterisk (*) are ones where the quality of your
communication will be assessed
– you should take particular care with your spelling, punctuation and grammar,
as well as the clarity of expression, on these questions.
• Candidates may use a calculator.
Advice
• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
• Keep an eye on the time.
• Try to answer every question.
• Check your answers if you have time at the end. Turn over
P58435A
©2019 Pearson Education Ltd.
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Answer ALL questions.
Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change your mind about an
(a) (i) Put a cross in the box next to the two monosaccharides that join together
to form maltose.
(1)
A fructose and fructose
B fructose and glucose
C glucose and glucose
D glucose and galactose
(ii) Put a cross in the box next to the main carbohydrate that is transported in the phloem.
Put a cross in the box next to the number of these polysaccharides that are
composed of alpha (Į) glucose molecules and are found in plant cells.
(1)
A 1
B 2
C 3
D 4
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(b) Describe how GALP is used to produce lipids.
(4)
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2 The presence of pollen in peat bogs can be used as evidence for global warming.
(a) Describe the role of the nuclei in pollen.
(b) (i) Explain why the presence of pollen in peat bogs can be used as evidence for
global warming.
(2)
(ii) Explain how DNA profiling can be used to identify the species of plant that
the pollen came from.
(3)
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(c) Pollen was extracted from peat bogs and identified to study the effects of human activity.
Changes in human activity can influence the groups of plants growing in a habitat.
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The diagram below shows the relative quantities of pollen from three groups of plants.
200
1000
Number of
years ago
2000
3000
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Using the information in the diagram, explain the changes in the types of pollen
found between 3000 and 200 years ago.
(3)
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3 The features of an organism can be used to classify it into one of three domains.
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(c) Giant viruses have been discovered in waste-water treatment centres in Austria.
Scientists analysed the giant viruses and found that they contain transfer RNA (tRNA)
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and several genes. Some of these genes are similar to those found in prokaryotic and
eukaryotic organisms.
(i) Put a cross in the box next to the study that uses the analysis of tRNA from
these viruses.
(1)
A dendrochronology
B molecular phylogeny
C proteomics
D topography
(iii) One theory suggested that these giant viruses were derived from a fourth domain.
State what is meant by the term theory.
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(1)
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(iv) Suggest why scientists thought that these giant viruses might be derived from
a fourth domain.
(2)
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4 Individuals can develop natural immunity and artificial immunity.
(a) The table below shows some features of artificial active immunity and artificial
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passive immunity.
For each feature, put one cross in the appropriate box in each row to show
whether the feature is true for each type of artificial immunity.
(3)
Artificial immunity
Feature both
passive
active only active and not true
only
passive
antigen-specific
antibodies injected
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(b) The graph below shows the changes in concentration of antibodies in the blood
of a person infected by two different types of virus, virus P and virus Q.
Concentration
of antibody
antibody
to virus P
antibody to
virus Q
Time
(i) Explain why there is a delay in the concentration of antibody following the
first infection of virus P, in stage 1.
(4)
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(ii) Suggest why the concentration of the antibody to virus P falls in stage 3.
(1)
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(iv) Explain the differences in the changes in the concentration of both antibodies
following the second infection with virus P and the first infection with virus Q.
(3)
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5 Forensic entomology can be used to determine the time of death of a person.
Blowfly larvae develop through a series of stages before becoming an adult.
(a) Using the information in the table, explain why a forensic scientist uses data at
three ambient temperatures.
(3)
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(b) (i) A corpse was found on the 20th September at 18:00 hours.
The forensic scientist found larvae only in the prepupal stage.
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The mean ambient temperature at the site where the corpse was found was 23.3 °C.
Using the information in the table, calculate the earliest date and time of death.
(3)
Answer ........................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(ii) Discuss the reliability of this estimate for the time of death.
(3)
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(c) The forensic scientist said that forensic entomology was the most accurate method for
determining the time of death of a person who had been dead for longer than three days.
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6 Groups of wolves hunt moose for food.
The photographs below show a wolf and a moose.
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© David Osborn / Alamy Stock Photo © Ron Sanford / Science Photo Library
Magnification ×0.03
(a) The mean mass of a wolf is 65 kg. The mass of a typical moose is 620 kg.
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Calculate the ratio of the mean mass of a wolf to the mass of a moose.
(1)
Answer ....................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(b) The graph below shows the changes in the number of wolves and the number of
moose from 1959 to 2009, on an island in Canada.
40 2000
30 1500
Number of
wolves Number of
moose
20 1000
Key 10 500
moose
0 0
1959 1969 1979 1989 1999 2009
Year
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*(c) Studies have shown that when salmon is available, wolves will hunt salmon and
hunt fewer moose.
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The table below shows some nutritional information about meat from salmon
and meat from moose.
Explain the advantages for wolves of hunting salmon rather than hunting moose.
Use the information in the table and in the rest of the question to support your answer.
(6)
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7 The photograph below shows a male giraffe weevil.
(a) State the term used to describe ‘a species is found in only one area’.
(1)
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(b) Suggest two reasons why the female giraffe weevil wraps her egg in a rolled-up leaf.
(2)
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(d) Explain how giraffe weevils evolved to become a new species.
(3)
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8 The photograph below shows cattail plants.
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Magnification ×0.1
Cattail plants grow as reed beds in freshwater.
The abundance and distribution of cattail plants is increasing due to global warming.
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The parts of the plant that fall into the water result in the production of large
quantities of methane.
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(b) Explain how parts of cattail plants falling into the water result in the production of methane.
(3)
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(d) Parts from cattail plants falling into water result in more methane produced than
parts from conifer trees falling into water.
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Scientists have suggested that cattail plants produce different chemicals from
conifer trees and that these chemicals do not inhibit the growth of bacteria.
Describe how this suggestion could be tested in the laboratory.
(4)
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