GROUP DYNAMICS

INTRODUCTION:-
Group dynamics is the study of groups,and also a general term for group
process . it is relevant to the field of psychology ,sociology and communication studies. A
group is two or more individual who are connected to each other by social relationship ,
because they interact with each other and influence each other group develop a number of
dynamic process that separate them from a random collection of individual.

Group dynamics deals with the attitudes and behavioral patterns of a group.
Group dynamics concern how groups are formed, what is their structure and which processes
are followed in their functioning. Thus, it is concerned with the interactions and forces
operating between groups.

DEFINITIONS:
Group

A group may be defined as a number of individuals who join together to achieve a goal.
People join groups to achieve goals that cannot be achieved by them alone.

Johnson & Johnson (2006)

Group Dynamic

Group dynamics is the interaction that influence the attitude and behaviour of people
when they are grouped with others through either choice or accidental circumstances.

According to emmess

Group dynamics may be defined as the social process by which people interact face to face in
small groups.

FEATURES OF GROUP DYNAMICS:

 Group dynamics is concerned with group.Wherever a group exists the individuals
interact and members are continuously changing and adjusting relationship with
respect to each other.
 Changesgo on occurring like introduction of the new members, changes in leadership
, presence of old and new members and the rate of change – fast or slow.
 There may be rigidity or flexibility(cohesiveness or conflict) that influence a group
dynamics. If the members get along well there is smooth sailing for the group and if
there is conflict it leads to problems
  The group organization is essential. It leads to greater group effectiveness,
participation, cooperation and a constructive morale. The leader will be effective only
if the group is organized and stable.
 Dynamic group always is in continuous process of restructuring, adjusting and
readjusting members to one another for the purpose of reducing the tensions,
eliminating the conflicts and solving the problems which its members have in
common.

IMPORTANCE OF GROUP DYNAMIC:

 Group dynamic can give job satisfaction to the members.
 The group can also bring team spirit among the members.
 The group can influence the thinking of its members. The members are always
influenced by the interactions of other members in the group.
 If the group works as a cohesive group, the cooperation and convergence can result in
maximization of productivity.
 , group dynamism can reduce the labour unrest and labour turnover due to emotional
attachment among the group members.

PRINCIPLE OF GROUP DYNAMICS:

 The members of the group must have a strong sense of belonging to the
group .The barrier between the leaders and to be led must be broken
down.
 The intergroup relations, group organization, member participation is
essential for effectiveness of a group
 The groups survive by pacing the members into functional hierarchy and
facilitating the action towards the goal.
 The groups arise and function owing to common motives.
 The changes in one part of the groups may produce stress in the other
parts, which can be reduced only by eliminating the change or by
bringing about readjustments in the related parts.

PROCESS / STAGES OF GROUP DEVELOPMENT:

Group Development is a dynamic process. How do groups evolve? There is a

process of five stages through which groups pass through. The process includes
the five stages: forming, storming, forming, performing, and adjourning.
Forming:

The first stage in the life of a group is concerned with forming a group. This
stage is characterized by members seeking either a work assignment (in a
formal group) or other benefit, like status, affiliation, power, etc. (in an informal
group). Members at this stage either engage in busy type of activity or show
apathy.

Storming:

The next stage in this group is marked by the formation of dyads and triads.
Members seek out familiar or similar individuals and begin a deeper sharing of
self. Continued attention to the subgroup creates a differentiation in the group
and tensions across the dyads / triads may appear. Pairing is a common
phenomenon. There will be conflict about controlling the group.

Norming:

The third stage of group development is marked by a more serious concern

about task performance. The dyads/triads begin to open up and seek out other
members in the group. Efforts are made to establish various norms for task
performance.

Members begin to take greater responsibility for their own group and
relationship while the authority figure becomes relaxed. Once this stage is
complete, a clear picture will emerge about hierarchy of leadership. The
norming stage is over with the solidification of the group structure and a sense
of group identity and camaraderie.

Performing:

This is a stage of a fully functional group where members see themselves as a

group and get involved in the task. Each person makes a contribution and the
authority figure is also seen as a part of the group. Group norms are followed
and collective pressure is exerted to ensure the Process of Group effectiveness
of the group.
The group may redefine its goals Development in the light of information from
the outside environment and show an autonomous will to pursue those goals.
The long-term viability of the group is established and nurtured. clip_image002

Adjourning:

In the case of temporary groups, like project team, task force, or any other such
group, which have a limited task at hand, also have a fifth stage, This is known
as adjourning.

The group decides to disband. Some members may feel happy over the
performance, and some may be unhappy over the stoppage of meeting with
group members. Adjourning may also be referred to as mourning, i.e. mourning
the adjournment of the group.
TYPES OF GROUP:
One way to classify the groups is by way of formality – formal and informal. While
formal groups are established by an organization to achieve its goals, informal groups merge
spontaneously. Formal groups may take the form of command groups, task groups, and
functional groups.
1. FORMAL GROUP:
The formal group are formed deliberately and consciously
collectively to direct the effort of group member’s especially the employees towords
the accomplishment of organizational objective.
It is divided in three types:
a) Command group
b) Task group
c) Functional group
a) COMMAND GROUP:
Command group are specified by the organizational
chart and often consist of a supervisor and the subordinates that report to that
supervisor.
b) TASK GROUP:
Task group consist of people who work together to achieve a
common task members are brought together to accomplish a narrow range of
goals within a specified time period. task group are also commonly reffered to as
task forces the organization appoints members and assigns the goals and task to
be accomplished.
Example of assigned task are the development of new product, the improvement
of a production process, or designing the syllabus under semester system.

c) FUNCTIONAL GROUP:
A functional group is created by the organization to
accomplish specific goals within an unspecified time frame. Functional group
remain in existence after achievement of current goals and objectives.

2. INFORMAL GROUP:
The informal group are those group that get created
spontaneously as soon as individual start interacting with each other.
The informal group are formed by the individuals to satisfy their
social needs of affiliation, and they emerge on their own and hence not created by the
management of the organization.
a) INTEREST:
Interest group is a group of individual that share a common interest
in a specific subject and work jointly to influence public policy in its favour.

b) FRIENDSHIP GROUP:
Friendship group are formed by members who enjoy
similar social activity political belief, religious value or other common bonds,
members enjoy each others company and often meet after work to participate in
these activities. For examples a group of employees who form a friendship group
may have a yoga group.
c) REFERENCE GROUP:
A reference group is a type of group that people use to
evaluate themselves. The main objectives of reference groups are to seek social
validation and social comparison. Social validation allows individuals to justify
their attitudes and values while social comparison helps individuals evaluate their
own actions by comparing themselves to others. Reference groups have a strong
influence on members’ behavior. Such groups are formed voluntarily. Family,
friends, and religious affiliations are strong reference groups for most individuals.

ELEMENTS OF GROUP BEHAVIOUR:

The major elements of group behaviour are:

1. ACTIVITY:
When a person does something ( eg talks, run., manipulates
machinery) he is said to perform some activity.

2. INTERACTION:
By interaction we means a communication or contact between
two or more person so that the activity of one responds to the activity of the other.
Every conversation is an interaction. It is usually important to note by whom they
are initiated and whether two or more person are simultaneously involved.

3. BELIEFS:
A belief of feeling which an employee must have in order to perform
the assigned task is called required sentiment, the belief of feeling which an
employee brings with him into a group because of his life outside it and his
personal background is known as given sentiments. When given sentiment pertain
to ideals and aspiration which are desirable they are called values. Thus value is
an ultimate idea of which is desirable such as belief in fair treatment, good pay or
freedom from being pushed around.
4. NORMS:
in contrast to a value, a norm is a limited idea of what is desirable, it can
be fully released. Norm is particular kind of emergent namely, an idea or belief
about what the activities, sentiments or interaction in a particular group should be,
5. SENTIMENTAL :
Sentiments can be defined as an idea, belief, feeling about the
work and the others involved in it.

TYPES OF HEALTH CARE GROUPS:

Common types of health care groups

includes task groups, self help group, self awareness or growth group. Therapy
group .
 TEACHING GROUP:
The major purpose of teaching group is to
impart information to the participants. Example of teaching group
 include group continuing education and client health care group.
Numerous subject are often handled via the group teaching formet.
Child birth technique, birth control method effective parenting
nutrition , instruction to family members about follow up care. A
nurse who leads group in which the primary purpose is to teach or
learn must be skilled in the teaching learning process.

 SELF HELP GROUP:

A self help group is a small, voluntary
organization composed of individual who share similar health,
social, daily living problem. These group are based on the helper
therapy principle those who help are helped most.

 SELF AWARENESS OR GROWTH GROUP:

The purpose of
self awareness or growth group is to develop or use interpersonal
strength the overall aim is to improve the perception of member or
to improve the functioning of the group to which they return
whether job, family or community.

 THERAPY GROUP:
Therapy groups are clearly defined to do the
work of therapy members work towards self understanding, more
satisfactory way of relating or handing stress and changing pattern
of behaviour towards health.

GROUP DYNAMICS IN NURSING:

 Group dynamics in nursing management:

 The nature of nursing is such that most of nurses works in groups and are
continually interacting with colleagues, patients and members of
community.Despite the importance of this interaction insufficient emphasis has
been given to group dynamics in nursing.

 All the organizations have objectives and these objectives can be attained by
activities and decision of the groups that administer organization. A hospital
service is such an organization and it is the responsibility of nurse manager to
influence group processes to attain the administration’s objectives

 The nurse manager can act as a facilitator by exercising a constructive

influence on group. In this way individual and group performance can be
enhanced by leadership behaviour

 Group dynamics helps the leader to develop and nurture cultural bond within
the group despite of all the diversities

 Group dynamics enable the nurse manager to be confident and secure in

herself so that she operates from a secure and stable psychological base before
asking hers staff to make changes
 Group dynamics in nursing service

 Historically, nurses have used groups and group processes in hospitals and
other health care settings.
 Nursing profession progressed from functional assignments to the team
nursing approach.
 Psychiatric nursing field specifically explored the use of groups as a teaching
method, a therapeutic tool, and a form of peer supervision.

Group dynamics in nursing education

Group dynamics can play a significant role in nursing education and learning in
groups, for
 Case discussions
 Group discussions
 Case presentations
 Skill learning and practice sessions
 Ward rounds with clinical instructor
 It helps in developing critical thinking
 Better development of skills
 Enhances interpersonal relations and communication skills
 Helps clarifying doubts
 Increase socialization

SUMMARY:
Group dynamic deals with the attitude and behavioural pattern of a group.
Group dynamic concern how group are formed what is their structure and interaction and
forces. Operating between group the process of group formation forming storming norming
performing adjourning.

CONCLUSION
At the end of my seminar all student will be able to gain knowledge related
to group dynamics and its introduction, definition, feature, importance, principle, process,
types, elements, health care group and group dynamic in nursing.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

I. Navdeep Kaur Brar, HC Rawat, Text of Advance Nursing Practice,

1st Edition, Jaypee the health science publisher page no-225.

II. Shebeer P Basheer, S Yaseen Khan, Textbook of Advance Nursing

Practice, 2nd Edition, Emmess Medical Publication page no-116

III. Samta Soni, Bobby V.J, Priti Nair, Textbook of Advance Nursing
Practice, 1st Edition. Page no-302

IV. I Clement, Textbook of Community Health Nursing, 1st Edition page no-
113

V. R. Sudha, Nursing Education principle concepts, Jaypee the health

science publisher. Page no- 313

VI. Shebeer P Basheer, S Yaseen Khan, Textbook of Advance Nursing

Practice, 1st Edition, Emmess Medical Publication page no- 119

WEBOGRAPHY:

1. https://en.m.wikipedia.org>wiki
2. www.yourartidelibratly.com>management
 GOVT. COLLEGE OF NURSING
JAGDALPUR

SUBJECT- ADVANCE NURSING

PRACTICE
SEMINAR ON
GROUP DYNAMICS

SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED BY

MRS. S. DAHARIA MS. RASHMI SAHU

M.sc DEMONSTRATOR M.SC NURSING Ist YEAR

(COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING) OBSTETRICAL &GYNAECOLOGICA NSG