Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 92 views

    Laboratory Worksheet # 1: Nucm 105A: Nutrition and Diet Therapy in Nursing ( Lab )

    Uploaded by

    Ana Luisa
    Digestion is the breakdown of food into smaller components that can be absorbed and used by the body. It involves both mechanical and chemical breakdown of food. As food moves through the digestive tract, it is broken down by the actions of the mouth, stomach, pancreas, liver, and intestines. Digestive enzymes and acids chemically break down food into small molecules like amino acids and sugars that can then be absorbed into the bloodstream and lymphatic system and used for metabolism, the set of chemical reactions that sustain life. Undigested food residues continue through the large intestine where water is reabsorbed before elimination of waste from the body.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Laboratory Worksheet # 1: Nucm 105A: Nutrition and Diet Therapy in Nursing ( Lab )

    Uploaded by

    Ana Luisa
    92 views3 pages
    Digestion is the breakdown of food into smaller components that can be absorbed and used by the body. It involves both mechanical and chemical breakdown of food. As food moves through the digestive tract, it is broken down by the actions of the mouth, stomach, pancreas, liver, and intestines. Digestive enzymes and acids chemically break down food into small molecules like amino acids and sugars that can then be absorbed into the bloodstream and lymphatic system and used for metabolism, the set of chemical reactions that sustain life. Undigested food residues continue through the large intestine where water is reabsorbed before elimination of waste from the body.

    Original Title

    Digestion & Metabolism-Nutritional and Diet

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Digestion is the breakdown of food into smaller components that can be absorbed and used by the body. It involves both mechanical and chemical breakdown of food. As food moves through the digestive tract, it is broken down by the actions of the mouth, stomach, pancreas, liver, and intestines. Digestive enzymes and acids chemically break down food into small molecules like amino acids and sugars that can then be absorbed into the bloodstream and lymphatic system and used for metabolism, the set of chemical reactions that sustain life. Undigested food residues continue through the large intestine where water is reabsorbed before elimination of waste from the body.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    92 views3 pages

    Laboratory Worksheet # 1: Nucm 105A: Nutrition and Diet Therapy in Nursing ( Lab )

    Uploaded by

    Ana Luisa
    Digestion is the breakdown of food into smaller components that can be absorbed and used by the body. It involves both mechanical and chemical breakdown of food. As food moves through the digestive tract, it is broken down by the actions of the mouth, stomach, pancreas, liver, and intestines. Digestive enzymes and acids chemically break down food into small molecules like amino acids and sugars that can then be absorbed into the bloodstream and lymphatic system and used for metabolism, the set of chemical reactions that sustain life. Undigested food residues continue through the large intestine where water is reabsorbed before elimination of waste from the body.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    NuCM 105a: Nutrition and Diet Therapy in Nursing (​Lab​) 

    Laboratory Worksheet # 1 
    Review of Digestion and Metabolism 
     
     
     
    Laurente, Ana Luisa C.   ​ ​BSN - 2   K
    ​ 002, M 1-3 
    Name of Student (Course & Year) ​(Course Offering #, Schedule) 
     
     
     
    Overview and Instructions 
    Digestion  is  an  integral  concept  of  nutrition.  It  is  crucial  to  understand  how 
    digestion  and  absorption  play  roles  in  metabolism.  This  activity  provides  a  quick 
    recall  of  the  concept  of digestion, absorption, and metabolism. There’s no need for a 
    textbook  or  any  reference.  Rely  on  your  memory.  Use  an  extra  sheet  of  paper  if 
    necessary. 
     
     
    I. Define  the following terms as you remember it was taught during your Anatomy 
    and Physiology class. 
     
    Digestion -​   breaking  down  of  food  and  fluid  into  simple  chemicals  that  can 

    be  absorbed  into  the  bloodstream  and  transported  throughout 

    the body 

    Mechanical  digestion  ​-  prepares  food  for  further  degradation  by  enzymes  by 

    fragmenting  food  into  smaller  pieces  (e.g.  mixing  of  food  in 

    mouth  by  chewing,  churning  of  food  in  the  stomach,  and 

    segmentation in the small intestine) 

    Chemical  digestion  ​-  the  sequence  of  steps  in  which  the  large  food molecules 

    are broken down into their building blocks 

    Peristalsis ​-  involuntary,  alternating  waves  of  contraction  and  relaxation  of 

    the muscles in the organ wall 


    Hydrolysis -​   the  process  in  which  water  is  used  to  split  a  substance  into 

    smaller particles 

    Enzyme -​   a  protein  that  acts  as  a  biological  catalyst  to  speed  up  a 

    chemical reaction 

    Chyme -​   semifluid  substance;  after  the  chemical  breakdown  of  proteins 

    and  when  food  is  converted  into  creamy  paste  consisting  of 

    partially digested food and gastric juice 

    Metabolism  ​-  the  sum  of  all  chemical  reactions  that  occur  within  body  cells 

    (anabolism and catabolism) 

    Oxidation ​-  the  process  of  substances  combining  with  oxygen  or  the 

    removal of oxygen 

    Anabolism ​-  energy-requiring  building  phase  of  metabolism  in  which  simpler 

    substances are combined to form more complex 

     
     
     

     
    II. Discuss  how  food  enters  and  leaves  the  body.  Include  what  happens  to  the 
    food  (how  it  is  broken  down,  what  is  absorbed,  where  absorbed,  etc.)  as  it 
    passes along the digestive tract. 
     

    First,  the  mouth  and  associated  accessory  organs  accomplish  food  ingestion  and 
    mechanical  breakdown - mastication, chewing & mixing, then initiates the digestion of starch 
    (salivary  amylase).  The  tongue  mixes food with saliva, compacts it into a bolus, and initiates 
    swallowing. The pharynx and esophagus help bring food to the stomach by peristalsis. When 
    food  enters  the  stomach,  powerful  peristaltic  contractions  help  mash  and  churn  food  into 
    chyme,  a  semiliquid  mass  of  digested  food  that  contains  gastric  juices  secreted  by  cells  in 
    the  stomach  and  then  facilitates  absorption.  In  chemical  digestion,  digestive  secretions 
    break  down  complex  food  molecules  into  their  chemical  building  blocks.  The  pancreas 
    secretes  up  to  1.5  liters  of  pancreatic  juice  through  a  duct  into  the  duodenum  per  day  to 
    further  break  down  proteins,  carbohydrates,  and  lipids.  Bile is made in the liver and stored in 
    the  gallbladder  where  it  is  secreted  in  small  amounts  to  help  digest  fats.  After  breaking 
    down  the  food  into  their  simplest  units,  the  chyme  now  consists  of  amino  acids, 
    monosaccharides,  and  emulsified  fatty  fats.  The  next  step  of  digestion  is  the  nutrient 
    absorption  that  takes  place  in  the  small  intestines.  The  digested  nutrients  pass  through the 
    absorptive  cells  of  the  intestine-  villi  &  microvilli-  via  diffusion  or  special  transport  proteins. 
    Amino  acids,  minerals,  alcohol,  water-soluble  vitamins,  and  monosaccharides  are 
    transported  from  the  intestinal  cells  into  capillaries,  but  the  much  larger  emulsified 
    fatty-acids,  fat-soluble  vitamins,  and  other  lipids  are  transported  first  through  lymphatic 
    vessels.  Any  food  that  is  still  incompletely  broken  down  moves  then  to  the  large  intestine, 
    where  water  is  reabsorbed.  No  further  chemical  or  mechanical  digestion takes place unless 
    accomplished  by  the  bacteria  that  inhabit  this  portion  of  the  digestive  tract.  The  bacteria 
    synthesize  the  essential  nutrient,  vitamin  K,  short-chain  fatty  acids,  from  the  undigested 
    fiber.  Also,  minerals,  such  as  sodium  and  potassium,  are  absorbed.  After  a couple of hours, 
    the  digestion  process  enters  the  next  step,  which  is  the  elimination  of  indigestible  food  as 
    feces, where it is stored in the rectum until expelled through the anus via defecation. 

     
     

    You might also like