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    Assessment of Hematologic Function and Treatment Modalities Assessment of Hematologic Function and Treatment Modalities

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    Edelweiss Marie Cayetano
    HEMATOLOGY

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    Assessment of Hematologic Function and Treatment Modalities Assessment of Hematologic Function and Treatment Modalities

    Uploaded by

    Edelweiss Marie Cayetano
    252 views26 pages
    HEMATOLOGY

    Original Title

    PPT_Chapter32-Hematology

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    HEMATOLOGY

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    252 views26 pages

    Assessment of Hematologic Function and Treatment Modalities Assessment of Hematologic Function and Treatment Modalities

    Uploaded by

    Edelweiss Marie Cayetano
    HEMATOLOGY

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 26

    Chapter 32

    Assessment of Hematologic
    Function and Treatment
    Modalities
    Hematologic System

     The blood and the blood forming sites, including the bone
    marrow and the reticuloendothelial system (RES)
     Blood
    o Plasma: fluid portion of blood
    o Blood cells: erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes
     Hematopoiesis

    Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved


    Bone Marrow

     Stem cells
    o Myeloid
     Erythrocytes (RBC)
     Leukocytes (WBC)
     Platelets
    o Lymphoid
     Lymphocytes
     Stroma

    Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved


    Hematopoiesis

    Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved


    Question #1

    Is the following statement true or false?

    Hematopoiesis is the complex process of the formation and


    maturation of blood cells

    Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved


    Answer to Question #1

    True

    Hematopoiesis is the complex process of the formation and


    maturation of blood cells

    Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved


    Red Blood Cells: Erythrocytes

     Types
    o Hemoglobin
    o Reticulocytes
     Erythropoiesis
     Iron stores and metabolism
     Vitamin B12 and folic acid
     Destruction

    Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved


    White Blood Cells: Leukocytes

     Granulocytes
    o Eosinophils
    o Basophils
    o Neutrophils
     Bands: left shift
     Agranulocytes
    o Monocytes
    o Lymphocytes
     T cells and B cells

    Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved


    Platelets: Thrombocytes

     Thrombopoietin
     Fibrin

    Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved


    Plasma and Plasma Proteins

     Albumin
     Globulins
    o Alpha
    o Beta
    o Gamma
     Impact on fluid balance

    Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved


    Question #2

    Which type of cells increase in number when the patient is


    exposed to a bacterial infection?
    A. Erythrocyte
    B. Eosinophil
    C. Neutrophil
    D. Thrombocyte
    E. Monocyte

    Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved


    Answer to Question #2

    C. Neutrophil

    The neutrophils are the mature, circulating white blood


    cells. When a bacterial infection occurs, the neutrophils will
    increase in order to phagocytize the bacteria

    Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved


    Reticuloendothelial System

     Histiocytes
    o Kupffer cells
    o Peritoneal macrophages
    o Alveolar macrophages
     Spleen

    Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved


    Hemostasis

    Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved


    Assessment of Hematologic Health

     Health history (refer to Chart 32-1)


     Physical assessment
     Diagnostic evaluation
    o Hematologic studies
    o Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy

    Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved


    Bone Marrow Aspiration

    Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved


    Therapeutic Approaches

     Splenectomy
     Apheresis
     Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT)
     Phlebotomy
     Blood component therapy
     Special preparations

    Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved


    Question #3

    Is the following statement true or false?

    When having a reaction to a blood transfusion, patients will


    present with the same symptoms and assessment changes

    Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved


    Answer to Question #3

    False

    There are a variety of complications and reactions that


    can occur from a blood transfusion. Depending on the
    type will determine the presenting symptoms

    Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved


    Blood and Blood Products #1

     Donor requirements
     Donation types
    o Directed
    o Standard
    o Autologous
    o Intraoperative blood salvage
    o Hemodilution

    Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved


    Blood and Blood Products #2

     Complications of donation
     Blood processing

    Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved


    Transfusion

     Common settings
     Pretransfusion assessment
     Patient education

    Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved


    Transfusion Process: PRBC

    Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved


    Transfusion Complications

     Febrile nonhemolytic  Transfusion-related acute


    reaction lung injury
     Acute hemolytic reaction  Delayed hemolytic
    reaction
     Allergic reaction
     Disease acquisition
     Circulatory overload
     Long-term transfusion
     Bacterial contamination
    therapy

    Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved


    Nursing Management for Reactions

     Stop
     Assess
     Notify primary provider and implement prescribed
    treatments. Continue to monitor
     Return blood
     Obtain any samples needed
     Document

    Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved


    Transfusion Alternatives

     Refer to Chart 32-6


     Growth factors
     Erythropoietin
     Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor
     Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
     Thrombopoietin

    Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer · All Rights Reserved

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