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    Unit 1 PPT AK 7th Sem PDF

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    Nikhil Phul
    The document provides an introduction to pre-stressed concrete design. It discusses concrete and reinforcement materials used in pre-stressed concrete. It describes tendons, sources of pre-stressing including mechanical, hydraulic, thermal and chemical devices. It also discusses pre-tensioning and post-tensioning techniques and provides advantages of pre-stressed concrete such as durability, adaptability, fire resistance, economic benefits, and aesthetics. It briefly outlines some disadvantages and compares pre-stressed concrete beams to reinforced concrete beams.

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    Unit 1 PPT AK 7th Sem PDF

    Uploaded by

    Nikhil Phul
    104 views31 pages
    The document provides an introduction to pre-stressed concrete design. It discusses concrete and reinforcement materials used in pre-stressed concrete. It describes tendons, sources of pre-stressing including mechanical, hydraulic, thermal and chemical devices. It also discusses pre-tensioning and post-tensioning techniques and provides advantages of pre-stressed concrete such as durability, adaptability, fire resistance, economic benefits, and aesthetics. It briefly outlines some disadvantages and compares pre-stressed concrete beams to reinforced concrete beams.

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    Unit 1 PPT AK 7th Sem.pdf

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    The document provides an introduction to pre-stressed concrete design. It discusses concrete and reinforcement materials used in pre-stressed concrete. It describes tendons, sources of pre-stressing including mechanical, hydraulic, thermal and chemical devices. It also discusses pre-tensioning and post-tensioning techniques and provides advantages of pre-stressed concrete such as durability, adaptability, fire resistance, economic benefits, and aesthetics. It briefly outlines some disadvantages and compares pre-stressed concrete beams to reinforced concrete beams.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    104 views31 pages

    Unit 1 PPT AK 7th Sem PDF

    Uploaded by

    Nikhil Phul
    The document provides an introduction to pre-stressed concrete design. It discusses concrete and reinforcement materials used in pre-stressed concrete. It describes tendons, sources of pre-stressing including mechanical, hydraulic, thermal and chemical devices. It also discusses pre-tensioning and post-tensioning techniques and provides advantages of pre-stressed concrete such as durability, adaptability, fire resistance, economic benefits, and aesthetics. It briefly outlines some disadvantages and compares pre-stressed concrete beams to reinforced concrete beams.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 31

    Pre-stressed

    Concrete Design
    Unit 1
    Introduction

    By
    Akhilesh Kumar
    Civil Engineering Department

    Dr B R AMBEDKAR NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY


    JALANDHAR
    Prestressing Materials
    1. Concrete Concrete is an artificial engineering material made
    from a mixture of port- land cement, water, fine and coarse
    aggregates, and a small amount of air.
    It is the most widely used construction material in the world.
    Concrete is the only major building material that can be
    delivered to the job site in a plastic state.
    This unique quality makes concrete desirable as a building
    material because it can be molded to virtually any form or shape.
    Concrete provides a wide latitude in surface textures and colors
    and can be used to construct a wide variety of structures, such as
    highways and streets, bridges, dams and ships.
    2. Non prestressing Reinforcement
    Steel reinforcement consisting of bars, wire fabrics and welded
    wires all of which are manufactured according to Indian
    Standards.
    NITJ CED
    3. Prestressing Tendons
    Because of the high creep and shrinkage losses in concrete,
    effective pre- stressing can be achieved by using very high
    strength steels in the range of 270,000 psi or more.
    Such high-stressed steels are able to counterbalance these
    losses in the surrounding concrete and have adequate leftover
    stress levels to sustain the required prestressing force.

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    Sources Of Pre-Stressing
    • Mechanical Devices: These are the devices which generally consist of
    mechanical equipment's (screw jacks, geared transmission along with
    pulley blocks, weights with or without lever transmission and wire winding
    machine) to introduce tension in tendons. These are generally used in
    factories where components of pre-stressed concrete are manufactured on
    large scale.

    • Hydraulic Devices: These are several hydraulic jacks patented by engineers


    [Freyssinet, Magnel, Gifford Udall and Baur Leonhardt] during their work on
    pre-stressing of concrete.

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    • Thermal Devices: Tension is provided by heating the wire,
    and anchoring them before casting the concrete in molds. This
    method is called as thermo-electric pre-stressing.

    • Chemical Devices: The pre-stressing is imparted here due to


    expanding cements by controlled variation of curing condition;
    it induces tensile forces in tendons and compressive forces in
    concrete.

    NITJ CED
    Types Of Tensioning In Pre-Stressed Concrete:
    1) Pre-Tensioning
    It is a type of pre stressing in which steel wires (tendons) are stretched before
    the placement of concrete.

    NITJ CED
    2) Post – Tensioning

    It is type of pre-stressing in which tension is applied to tendons after


    concrete is hardened.

    NITJ CED
    Advantages of Prestressed Concrete
    1. Durability
    • As this technique eliminates weakness of concrete in tension, such
    members remain free from cracks; hence can resist the effects of
    impact, shock, and reversal of stresses more efficiently than R.C.C.
    structure.
    • They provide reliable long-term performance in extremely harsh
    conditions that could destroy lesser materials.
    • They are resistant to deterioration from weather extremes,
    chemical attack, fire, accidental damage and the determined efforts
    of vandals.
    • Winter construction can proceed with few weather delays as
    precast components are prefabricated in heated plants.
    NITJ CED
    2. Adaptability
    • Precast prestressed concrete products can be designed and
    manufactured for any application, ranging in size from short
    span bridges to some of the largest projects in the world.

    • Permits precast manufacturers to vastly expand the design


    variety possible using precast components.

    • the inherent plasticity of concrete permits to create precast


    components in shapes and sizes, which would be
    prohibitively expensive using other materials

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    3. Fire resistance
    • Prestressed concrete bridges are not easily damaged by fire.
    Have excellent fire resistance, low maintenance costs, elegance,
    high corrosion resistance, etc.

    NITJ CED
    4. impacts local economy directly
    • Prestressed concrete is produced by local small business –
    employing local labour.

    • Most of its raw materials are also locally purchased and the health
    of the local prestressed concrete industry directly impacts further
    on the local economy.

    • Due to smaller loads, due to smaller dimensions being used, there is


    a considerable saving in cost of supporting members and
    foundations.

    • standard structural shapes such as hollow core, double tees, beams,


    columns and panels can be mass-produced at low cost.
    NITJ CED
    5. Fast and Easy Construction
    • Precast concrete components lend themselves to fast construction
    schedules.
    • Precast manufacturing can proceed while site preparation is
    underway.
    • Precast units can be delivered to the jobsite and installed the
    moment they are needed in any weather.
    • Fast construction means earlier completion and the resulting cost
    savings.
    • Saves the cost of shuttering and centering for large structures.

    NITJ CED
    6. Aesthetics
    • Precast components can be delivered with a wide range of shapes
    and finishes ranging from smooth dense structural units to any
    number of architectural treatments.
    • Strikingly rich and varied surface textures and treatments can be
    achieved by exposing colure sands, aggregates, cements and
    coloring agents using sandblasting and chemical retarders.
    • Custom form liners can be used to introduce reveals, patterns and
    other architectural effects.
    • Stone, tile brick and other materials can be cast into precast panels
    at the factory,enabling designers to achieve the expensive look of
    masonry.

    NITJ CED
    Disadvantages of Prestressed Concrete
    Although prestressing has many advantages, there are still some
    drawbacks of this process:
    • The unit cost of high strength materials being used is higher as
    mostly high tensile steel is used.
    • extra initial cost is incurred due to use of prestressing equipment
    and its installation.
    • extra labour and transportation cost for prestressing is also there.
    • prestressing is uneconomical for short spans and light loads.

    NITJ CED
    Comparison of Prestressed Concrete Beams with
    RCC Beams
    • In RCC beams, the concrete in the compression side of the neutral
    axis alone is effective and the concrete in the tension side is
    ineffective. But, in the prestressed beams, the entire section is
    effective.
    • Reinforced concrete beams are generally heavy. Prestressed
    concrete beams are lighter.
    • RCC beams being heavy and massive are more suitable in situations
    where the weight is more desired than strength. Pre stressed beams
    are very suitable for heavy loads and long spans.

    NITJ CED
    • In RCC beams, there is no way of testing the steel and the concrete.
    In prestressed concrete beams, testing can be done while pre
    stressing.

    • RCC construction does not involve many auxiliary units. But


    prestressed beams require many auxiliary units.

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    Assumptions in design of prestressed concrete members
    Prestressed concrete members are analyzed and designed on the basis of
    the following assumptions :

    •A transverse plane section of the member will remain a plane after


    bending also.
    •Within the limits of the deformation taking, Hook’s law is applicable to
    concrete and steel components.
    •The stress in the reinforcement does not change along the length of the
    reinforcement. Stress changes take place for the concrete component
    only. Variation of stress in the reinforcement due to changes in the
    external loading is ignorable.

    NITJ CED
    Principles of Prestressed Concrete

    • Large prestressing force are applied to the member by the tendons, high
    bearing stresses are developed at the ends by the anchoring devices. The
    anchorages are generally designed to be meant for use only for high strength
    concrete work.
    • Busting stresses liable to at the ends of the beam cannot be satisfactorily
    resisted by low strength concrete work.
    • When stress transfer to concrete has to take place by bond action, the
    concrete should have a high strength concrete.
    • Shrinkage cracks will be very little when high strength concrete is used.
    • Due to the high modulus of elasticity of high strength concrete, the elastic and
    creep strain are very small resulting in smaller loss of prestress in all steel
    reinforcement.
    NITJ CED
    NITJ CED
    NITJ CED
    Some Important Pre-Stressed Concrete Structures
    In India:

    1. Ganga bridge, Patna (Mahatma Gandhi Setu or Ganga Setu)

    NITJ CED
    NITJ CED
    2. Gomti Aqueduct, U.P.

    3. Ball Tank, Mumbai

    NITJ CED
    4. Pamban Road Bridge, Tamil Nadu

    NITJ CED
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    5. Boeing 747 Hangar at Santacruz Airport, Mumbai

    NITJ CED
    6. Zuari Bridge or Konkan Railway Bridge is a railway bridge
    between North Goa and South Goa

    NITJ CED
    7. Naranarayana Bridge - Jogighopa, Assam

    NITJ CED
    Commercial Adoption of Prestressed Concrete
    • Over the last several decades, prestressed concrete has seen widespread
    commercial adoption. It is popular in shopping centers, parking garages, and
    large office complexes. It is also commonly seen in public buildings including
    libraries, schools, and auditoriums.

    • Aside from cost, some of the factors driving its popularity include:

    • Versatility: High span length facilitates easier alteration of a structure’s


    interior and makes it somewhat simpler to plan additions. This ability is at a
    premium in dynamic, growing businesses across a range of industries.
    NITJ CED
    Acoustics: Prestressed concrete provides acoustical benefits to a
    building interior that can make it suitable for musical performances
    and public address. Effective positioning of joints makes it possible to
    create longer open spaces.
    Many of the most notable high-rise buildings of the postwar period
    incorporated prestressed concrete. Although innovative approaches
    are becoming more practical than they once were, it is still important
    for engineers to understand the many applications of prestressed
    concrete.
    Moving forward into the 21st century and beyond, prestressed
    concrete is likely to remain an important tool in the design,
    development, and maintenance of a wide range of commercial
    structures. NITJ CED
    End

    NITJ CED

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