SECTION 9

GEOTEXTILE

9.1 REFERENCES
A. International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Standards
1. ISO 10319:2008 : Geosynthetics -- Wide-width tensile test
2. ISO 13431 : Geotextiles and geotextile-related products -- Determination
of tensile creep and creep rupture behaviour
3. BS 8006 : 2010 : Guidelines for the determination of the long-term
strength of geosynthetics for soil reinforcement – Annex A
4. ENV 12447: Screening Test Method for determining the resistance to
hydrolysis.
B. International Organization for Standardization (ISO) – 9001:2008 Quality
Management System Requirements
C. International Organization for Standardization/International Electrotechnical
Commission(ISO/IEC) 17025 - General requirements for the competence of
testing and calibration laboratories
D. Geosynthetic Accreditation Institute – Laboratory Accreditation Program, USA
(GAI-LAP)
E. Skim Akreditasi Makmal Malaysia, Jabatan Standard Malaysia (SAMM)

9.2 SUBMITTALS

Submit the following at least thirty (30) days before the date of order placement:

Original Officially Printed Product Data Sheets: The data published in the data sheet
shall be based on test properties from a competent Geosynthetic Testing Laboratory
accredited by GAI-LAP and SAMM in accordance with ISO/IEC 17025 in the scope of
geosynthetic testing. Technical values shall meet Confidence Level of 95%. No
photocopy technical data shall be accepted.

Clearly identified product samples.

Quality Statement: The Contractor shall provide to the CR a certificate each for the
proposed geosynthetic products. The certifications shall state that the furnished
geosynthetic products meet 95% Confidence Level requirements of the specification as
evaluated under the Manufacturer's quality control program and include the following
information;
a. Name and address of the manufacturer,
b. Country of Origin,
c. Project title,
d. Contractor name
e. Product name and product properties certifying that materials to be delivered
to site meet or exceed the specified requirements.
f. Submission must also include appropriate product literature, independent test
certificates (ISO Certificate, SAMM Certificate and GAI-LAP Certificate), and
other documentation supporting the technical evaluation of the products. The
Contractor shall include such documentation together with the tender
documents.

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9.2.1 Prior to delivery of materials to site, the Contractor must submit Test Certificate for
each of the proposed Geosynthetics products. The certifications shall state that the
furnished geosynthetic products meet 95% Confidence Level requirements of the
specification as evaluated under the Manufacturer's quality control program
(Geosynthetic Testing Laboratory accredited by GAI-LAP and SAMM in accordance
with ISO/IEC 17025 in the scope of geosynthetic testing) and include the following
information;
a. Name and address of the manufacturer,
b. Country of Origin,
c. Project title,
d. Contractor name
e. Product name, lot number and product test result certifying that materials to
be delivered to site meet or exceed the specified requirements

9.2.2 The geotextiles delivered to site shall be sampled for testing at an ISO/IEC 17025 by
Department of Standards Malaysia (DSM), Laboratory Accreditation Scheme Malaysia
(SAMM) and the Geosynthetic Accreditation Institute (USA) – Laboratory Accreditation
Program (GAI-LAP) accredited laboratory with the experience and equipments suitable
to conduct QC/QA tests according to the specified standards. The Contractor shall
ensure the credential of such laboratory by proof of certified accreditation from the
laboratory and shall be liable for the expense of testing. The Contractor shall stipulate
the laboratory proposed for testing together with the submission of product samples,
product grade, batch and lot number.

9.3 MATERIALS COMPOSITE REINFORCEMENT GEOTEXTILE

The reinforcing Composite Reinforcement geotextile shall consist of high tenacity and
high quality polyester yarn. The manufacturing process shall comprise of high tenacity
polyester yarn stitched to 100% polypropylene continuous filament nonwoven needle
punched geotextile. The manufacturer shall certify compliance with this requirement.

The geotextile shall have high resistance against hydrolysis. In order to ensure
adequate resistance to hydrolysis, the uncoated yarns shall be tested according to EN
12447 and that the retained tensile strength after test shall be more than 50% of the
original tensile strength. The manufacturer shall provide independent test results to
verify the superiority and quality of the fabric supplied.

The geotextile shall have high resistance against acid and alkaline liquids. To ensure
high resistance against acid and alkaline liquids, the uncoated yarns shall be tested
according to EN14030. The retained tensile strength shall be more than 50% of the
original tensile strength. The manufacturer shall provide independent test results to
verify the superiority and quality of the fabric supplied.

Geotextiles submitted for approval shall be proven to resist damage of the polyester
reinforcing yarn and retain > 70% of residual tensile strength when subject to
compaction of no more than 300mm of crushed stone gravel placed directly above the
geotextile. Geotextile failing this test shall be rejected from the site, or upgraded in
quality until minimum damage requirements are fulfilled.

The geotextile composite shall have high level UV stabilization and retain at least 70%
of residual tensile strength after 30 days exposure to natural sunlight. Independent
performance test to verify this must be submitted as evidence of geotextile superior
performance.

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 For site quality control and ease of identification, the grade of the geotextile shall be
printed and clearly visible on the roll of the geotextile.

Composite Reinforcement geotextile shall be locally manufactured and have quality

management systems which comply with the requirements of ISO 9001: 2008.
Certificate of compliance must be provided to substantiate this requirement.

The reinforcing Composite Reinforcement geotextile delivered to the site shall meet or
exceed the technical values of the following properties. The geotextile manufacturer
shall provide a Quality Statement and independent certification from an ISO Accredited
Test Laboratory that the geotextile delivered to site meet or exceed the following
requirements in full. Geotextile not meeting the required technical values shall be
rejected.

Table 9.1 – Composite Reinforcement Geotextile Specification

Property Test PEC PEC

Standard Unit 700/100 1000/100
Characteristic short – term tensile
ISO 10319 kN/m 700 1000
strength (Tu) (MD)
Characteristic short – term tensile
ISO 10319 kN/m 100 100
strength (Tu) (CD)
Strain at short term strength (MD) ISO 10319 % 10 10
Tensile Strength at 5% (MD) ISO 10319 kN/m 260 380
Partial factor – creep rupture at 120
1.55 1.55
years design life
Partial factor-construction damage In
1.00 1.00
Clay, Silt or Sand
Patial factor –environmental effects
soil environment, pH<11at 120 years 1.10 1.10
design life
Long term design strength at 120
years design life In Clay, Silt and kN/m 410.5 586.5
Sand

Mean water flow rate normal to the mm/s

ISO 11058 65 65
plane (l/m2 s)

Mean water flow rate in the plane: 10-7m2/s 30 30

ISO 12958
20kPa l/mh 11 11
Soil interaction coefficient
> 0.68
a) frictional coefficient (PEC & Clay)
> 0.87
b) adhesion coefficient (PEC & Clay)

Creep strain at 40% load (120 years) % < 1.5

Average Number Molecular Weight

g/mol > 35000
(Mn) of reinforcing yarn
Carboxyl end group (CEG) of
meq/kg < 15
reinforcing yarn

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 The reinforcing Composite Reinforcement geotextile that complies may be tested,
under the discretion of CRs, at an accredited independent geosynthetics testing
laboratory (according to the test standards given in the Specification).

The manufacturer shall provide documentation supporting the performance of their

product in relation to the following partial factors of safety used as the basis for the
design.

9.4 MATERIALS WOVEN GEOTEXTILE

Woven geotextile shall be locally manufactured and have quality management systems
which comply with the requirements of ISO 9001: 2008. Certificate of compliance must
be provided to substantiate this requirement.

Woven geotextile delivered to the site shall meet or exceed the technical values of the
following properties. The geotextile manufacturer shall provide a Quality Statement and
independent certification from an ISO Accredited Test Laboratory that the geotextile
delivered to site meet or exceed the following requirements in full. Geotextile not
meeting the required technical values shall be rejected.

Table 5.2– Woven Geotextile Specification

Test
Property Unit PP200S
Standard

Tensile strength, MD ISO 10319 kN/m 200

CD 200

Elongation, MD ISO 10319 % 15

CD 10

Tensile strength at 2% strain,

MD kN/m 5
CD kN/m 50

Tensile strength at 5% strain,

MD kN/m 30
CD kN/m 125

CBR puncture ISO 12236 kN 20

Mean drop cone perforation ISO 13433 mm 8

diameter

Mean pore size, O9 ISO 12956 mm 0.45

Mean ISO 11058 l/m2/s 20

Water permeability, Q50

Woven geotextile that complies may be tested, under the discretion of CRs, at an
accredited independent geosynthetics testing laboratory (according to the test
standards given in the Specification).

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9.5 LAYING OF GEOTEXTILE FABRIC

Irregularities of the surface shall be levelled to the satisfaction of the Employer

Representative before the geotextile fabric is laid. The geotextile shall be laid loosely
without stretching and shall conform to the surface that distortion resulting from the
superimposal of stones shall not excessively extend the fibres or tear the fabric.

Where geotextile widths/lengths are greater than those supplied, jointing shall be
effected by overlapping. When laid under water, a minimum overlap of 1m shall be
provided in both directions. Above water level, the minimum overlap shall be 0.5m in
both directions. Lapped areas and edges shall be weighted down with small amounts of
aggregate/fill to keep them in place.

After the geotextile has been placed in position and having been inspected by the
Employer Representative or his representative, the various layers of the revetment
shall be laid as soon as practicable. Any undue delay in covering the geotextile, which
may render it to be deteriorated due to exposure to sunlight, may cause it to be rejected
by the Employer Representative.

Any geotextile that is left exposed to direct sunlight for a period exceeding 2 weeks
shall be rejected and removed from the Site.

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