Cap 04

Termodinámica Aplicada
1. A Carnot vapor refrigeration cycle operates between thermal reservoirs at 4°C and
30°C. The working fluid is saturated vapor at the end of the compression process
and saturated liquid at the beginning of the expansion process. For (a) Refrigerant
134a, (b) water, (c) ammonia, as the working fluid, determine the operating
pressures in the condenser and evaporator, in bar, and the coefficient of
performance.
2. An ideal vapor-compression refrigeration cycle operates at steady state with
Refrigerant 134a as the working fluid. Saturated vapor enters the compressor at
2 bar, and saturated liquid exits the condenser at 8 bar. The mass flow rate of
refrigerant is 7 kg/min. Determine
(a) the compressor power, in kW.
(b) the refrigerating capacity, in tons.
(c) the coefficient of performance.
3. A vapor-compression refrigeration system
with a capacity of 10 tons has Refrigerant
134a as the working fluid. Information and
data for the cycle are provided in the
following figure and in the table below.
The compression process is internally
reversible and can be modeled by pv1.01 =
constant. The condenser is water-cooled,
with water entering and leaving with a
negligible change in pressure. Heat
transfer from the outside of the condenser
can be neglected. Determine
(a) the mass flow rate of refrigerant, in
kg/s.
(b) the power input and the heat transfer
rate for the compressor, each in kW.
State P T v (m3/kg) h s
(bar) (°C) (kJ/kg) (kJ/kg.K)
1 4 15 0.05258 258.15 0.9348
2 12 54.88 0.01772 281.33 0.9341
3 11.6 44 0.0008847 112.22 0.4054
4 4 8.93 0.01401 112.22 0.4179
5 - 20 - 83.96 0.2966
6 - 30 - 125.79 0.4369
4. A vapor-compression refrigeration cycle with Refrigerant 134a as the working fluid

operates with an evaporator temperature of 50°F and a condenser pressure of
180 psia. Saturated vapor enters the compressor. Refrigerant enters the condenser
at 140°F and exits as saturated liquid. The cycle has a refrigeration capacity of
5 tons. Determine (a) the refrigerant mass flow rate, in lb/min and (b) the compressor
isentropic efficiency.
2019 II 1
5. The following figure shows a two-stage,

vapor-compression refrigeration system
with two evaporators and a direct
contact heat exchanger. Saturated
vapor ammonia from evaporator 1
enters compressor 1 at 18 psia and exits
at 70 psia. Evaporator 2 operates at
70 psia, with saturated vapor exiting at
state 8. The condenser pressure is
200 psia, and saturated liquid refrigerant
exits the condenser. Each compressor
stage has an isentropic efficiency of
80%. The refrigeration capacity of each
evaporator is shown on the figure.
Sketch the T–s diagram of the cycle and
determine
(a) the temperatures, in °F, of the
refrigerant in each evaporator.
(b) the power input to each compressor
stage, in horsepower.
(c) the overall coefficient of performance.
6. An ideal vapor-compression refrigeration
cycle is modified to include a counterflow
heat exchanger, as shown in the following
figure. Refrigerant 134a leaves the
evaporator as saturated vapor at 1.0 bar
and is heated at constant pressure to -6°C
before entering the compressor. Following
isentropic compression to 14 bar, the
refrigerant passes through the condenser,
exiting at 40°C, 14 bar. The liquid then
passes through the heat exchanger,
entering the expansion valve at 14 bar. If
the mass flow rate of refrigerant is
12 kg/min, determine
(a) the refrigeration capacity, in tons of
refrigeration.
(b) the compressor power input, in kW.
(d) the rate of entropy production in the
compressor, in kW/K.
(e) the rate of exergy destruction in the compressor, in kW. Let T0 = 20°C.
Discuss advantages and disadvantages of this arrangement.
2019 II 2
7. A process requires a heat transfer rate of

3 x 106 Btu/h at 170°F. It is proposed that a
Refrigerant 134a vapor-compression heat
pump be used to develop the process heating
using a wastewater stream at 125°F as the
lower temperature source. The following
figure provides data for this cycle operating at
steady state. The compressor isentropic
efficiency is 80%. Sketch the T–s diagram for
the cycle and determine the
(a) specific enthalpy at the compressor exit,
in Btu/lb.
(b) temperatures at each of the principal
states, in °F.
(c) mass flow rate of the refrigerant, in lb/h.
(d) compressor power, in Btu/h.
(e) coefficient of performance and compare with the
coefficient of performance for a Carnot heat pump cycle
operating between reservoirs at the process temperature
and the wastewater temperature, respectively.
8. Air enters the compressor of a Brayton refrigeration cycle at 100 kPa, 270 K. The
compressor pressure ratio is 3, and the temperature at the turbine inlet is 315 K. The
compressor and turbine have isentropic efficiencies of 82% and 85%, respectively.
Determine the
(a) net work input, per unit mass of air flow, in kJ/kg.
(b) exergy accounting of the net power input, in kJ per kg of air flowing. Discuss.
Let T0 = 315 K.
9. Consider a Brayton refrigeration cycle with a regenerative heat exchanger. Air enters
the compressor at 500°R, 16 psia and is compressed isentropically to 45 psia.
Compressed air enters the regenerative heat exchanger at 550R and is cooled to
490R before entering the turbine. The expansion through the turbine is isentropic. If
the refrigeration capacity is 14 tons, calculate
(a) the volumetric flow rate at the compressor inlet, in cfm.
(b) the coefficient of performance.
10. Air at 30 psia, 700 R is extracted from a main jet engine compressor for cabin
cooling. The extracted air enters a heat exchanger where it is cooled at constant
pressure to 580 R through heat transfer with the ambient. It then expands
adiabatically to 15 psia through a turbine and is discharged into the cabin at 520 R
with a mass flow rate of 220 lb/min. Determine
(a) the power developed by the turbine, in horsepower.
(b) the isentropic turbine efficiency.
2019 II 3

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Termodinámica Aplicada

4. A vapor-compression refrigeration cycle with Refrigerant 134a as the working fluid

5. The following figure shows a two-stage,

7. A process requires a heat transfer rate of

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