International Journal of Electrical and

Electronics Engineering Research (IJEEER)

ISSN (P): 2250-155X; ISSN (E): 2278-943X
Vol. 9, Issue 2, Dec 2019, 21-28
© TJPRC Pvt. Ltd.

FABRICATION AND DESIGN OF MONOBIKE

SHATAKSHI SINGH & AKHILENDRA SINGH YADAV

SRMS College of Engineering & Technology, Bareilly, India
ABSTRACT

In this paper the work has been done on mono bike RYNO which is based on the concept of unicycle.
This machine can beat the problem of driving energy source as well as pollution as they are the key problems of modern
time. Mono wheel can be used in various places such as industries to travel between various working sites,
in transportation, and in public areas also. Here in this project we are going to make the hardware of mono bike,
which we can drive as similar to bike but with few skills as it is a unibike. In this bike self -balancing technique will be
used with the help of microcontroller, gyrosensor and accelerometer. The microcontroller is Arduino uno which will run
at 16MHz. The main objective of this work is to reduce the cost of bike upto large extent and also to maintain stability on
practical basis.

KEYWORDS: Monobike, RYNO, MPU6050, MEMS Accelerometer and Gyroscope & Arduino Un

Original Article
Received: May 24, 2019; Accepted: Jun 23, 2019; Published: Jul 25, 2019; Paper Id.: IJEEERDEC20193

INTRODUCTION

Mono wheel is a concept in which the driver is supposed to sit on or inside the single wheel with the
understanding of self -balancing technique. Mono wheel has an advantage in comparison to bicycle or bike that it
is farther more efficient as it contains less frictional losses over the wheels. In this paper specifically RYNO mono
bike has been discussed regarding its design and fabrication.

RYNO Monobike

RYNO is a mono bike that consists of only one wheel and it is powered electrically with the help of
batteries. RYNO is basically capable of running at speeds of 10miles per hour. It was made by Portland based
engineer Chris Hoffmann made the first prototype of RYNO when his daughter told him about his fictional story of
one wheeled motorcycle.

The real meaning suggested for the abbreviation RYNO by Chris was “Ride Your New Opportunity”.

EQUIPMENT Required

There are many equipment required for the fabrication of mono bike in which the important things
a suitable tyre which can provide the stability factors along with electrical components most importantly such
as BLDC motor which will act as driving source, battery as a energy source and gyrosens or in addition to
accelerometer to determine exact data about linear and rotational motion of bike without which it is very tough to
maintain the stability of bike; these are few main parts of the bike which are uncompromised. Details of few
components is as followed:

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22 Shatakshi Singh & Akhilendra Singh Yadav

Table 1: Specifications of Components Used

Items
S. No
Name Quantiy Specification
1 Tyre Single 145/70 R12
2 Motor Single 250Watt,48 Volt
3 Battery Four 12 Volt, 24 Amp
4 MPU 6050 Single Six axis gyrosensor + accelerometer
5 Speed controller Single 250Watt, 48 Volt
6 DC to DC converter Single 250Watt,48 Volt
7 Arduino UNO Single 16MHz

Inverted Pendulum Theory

Figure 1: Basic Model of Inverted Pendulum

In figure (1) the basic model for applying the inverted pendulum theory has been shown. In this figure few
variables has been used which can be defined

m0= Mass of cart

m1= Mass of rod

L1= length of rod

0= Distance between centre of cart and the left wall

1= Rod’s angle of deviation from the vertical axis

u = Force to be applied on the cart

I= Retarding force regarding mass

Here it is to be assumed that there is no friction between the cart and therefore the floor. Main objective of this
modeling is to make equation so that the system can be make to run. Here this goal will be determined with the help of lag
range equation. With the help of these equations, this model has been applied to the monobike so that stability of bike
regarding its mechanical design can be maintained because the sensor can provide stability but before that the designer
have to keep the mechanical part of bike in control.

Impact Factor (JCC): 7.9878 NAAS Rating: 3.19

Fabrication and Design of Monobike 23

FABRICATION OF BIKE
Fabrication Part

Table 2: Design Elements in Bike

S. No Items Specification
1 Tyre 145/70 R12
2 Metal sheet Iron sheet 18 gauge 8x4
3 Ss square pipe 1.5 inch,1 pipe
4 Ss strip 2 inch 3 sut, 5 feet
5 Brake Drum brake

The foremost work in framing this bike is designing in which there is need to draw the model of the bike so that
following that model bike can be designed. After designing the model of bike it needs the selection of material from which
the basic frame of bike will be made so that the bike could be made strong along with light weighted from the point of
stability. The basic model of bike seems like this as in figure (2).

Figure 2: Fundamental Frame

As in figure (2) the basic model has been shown after fabricating this model bike is modified and while modifying
few factors has been kept in mind while modifying it such as the back side of bike has been designed such that stability can
be maintained while sitting also. Modification of the bike needs its complete denting and painting so as to provide it a new
look. Modified can be seen as in figure (3).

Figure 3: Modified Bike

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24 Shatakshi Singh & Akhilendra Singh Yadav

But just modification is the only mechanical part of the bike which can’t make this bike complete because still the
electrical part of the bike is remained.

Controlling Part

In controlling part of the bike first the MPU6050 will be used with Arduino UNO board so that the grosensor can
detect the angle of tilt of the bike and along with this accelerometer installed in the same sensor will help to calculate the
amount of acceleration. The block diagram which have to be followed while making all the connections is as shown in
figure (3):

Figure 3: Block Diagram for Controlling and Functioning

For all this work it needs to work first on a prototype so that any problem can be avoided occurring on a whole
bike. In this prototype programming related to MPU 6050 and controlling of the bike with respect to stability will be done
on Arduino software so that the results can be obtained visually. The controlling circuit which is been used is shown in
figure (4):

Figure 4: Controlling Circuit with all Electrical Components

According to this circuit all the connections done and then it was applied to the bike after the suitable results
related to stability obtained.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

After doing complete programming and connections the following results have been obtained that can be shown
as:

Table 3: Final Results

S. No. Parameter Specification
1. Power 1152wps
2. Mileage 150 km
3. Stability ±10%
4. Overall cost 23,592

Impact Factor (JCC): 7.9878 NAAS Rating: 3.19

Fabrication and Design of Monobike 25

According to the aim of our project maintaining stability as much as possible and reduction of cost of the bike so
that this bike could make economical. From this project we have obtained the power in terms of 1152 watts per second and
mileage in range of 150km.

The stability that we have tried to gain is between +10% to -10% with the help of microcontroller and gyrosensor.
Most important fact about this project is cost factor where the result has been obtained as 23,592 rupees. In this economical
value bike can be afforded by a common person and if compared to the other sources than this bike should be brought
because it is less costly in terms of a uniqueness as the inventor of this bike has kept the retail value of this bike in terms of
dollar 2995$ and if it will brought to India then extra cost of duty will also added then the overall cost will be increased
which will become very costly in our country.

After doing the ride we tried to achieve the stability as we are not as skilled and first time rider also so started the
bike and carried the bike at the speed of 20 km/hr and slowly achieved the speed of 40km/hr.

CONCLUSIONS

Here it has been concluded after making this bike that this vehicle has now the ability that it balances itself by
moving the device in the forward direction or backward direction base on the basis of readings provided from sensors.
Mono bike is very practically viable also from the economic point of view also as the cost determined in this bike is 23,592
rupees. Mono bike is much helpful in the large campuses like airports, universities, space centers and in large industries
where rider need to cover less distances and in narrow areas. Mono bike suggested in this experimental project is made
with all efforts to make it economical and practical as much as possible so that it can be used in practical life also with time
evolving advancements making it more soft to run.

FUTURE SCOPE

There are many future scopes for this object as it don’t contain only a small area of interest which can be
suggested as:

• Its stability can be more improved with the help of ROLY-POLY toy theory, in this it is observed that the whole
weight of toy is on centre of gravity such that even after disturbing and applying the pushing force toy do not tend
to fall down and maintains its position back as it is; hence this phenomenon can be employed in the self sustaining
stability of bike.

• Proximity IR sensor can be use in mono bike so as to warn the bike in case of danger from any side with the help
of alarm if the budget is low.

• Similar to the car intelligent parking assist system can be used in bike also in which sonar system, backup cameras
and some additional sensors are also used. But there is a limitation for this system; this system can be used only if
the budget is quiet good.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

It is a feeling of great pleasure that I would like to express my most sincere gratitude to Mr. Akhilendra Singh
Yadav in Department of Electrical Engineering at Shri Ram Murti Smarak College of Engineering & Technology, Bareilly

www.tjprc.org [email protected]
26 Shatakshi Singh & Akhilendra Singh Yadav

for his full guidance and support in his full capacity to my project work. I am very grateful to him for his suggestions and
analysis at time to time and because of this I was able to complete my work thoroughly.

REFERENCES

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Engineering, Volume 6, ISSN: 2320 – 3765.

3. S. Brent Cardini, 2 006, “A History of the Monocycle Stability and Control from Inside the Wheel”, Institute of Electrical and
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4. Mukesh Sahu, Naved Shaikh, Saurabh Jadhao, Yash Yadav, 2017, “A Review of One Wheel Motorbike”, International
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Impact Factor (JCC): 7.9878 NAAS Rating: 3.19

Fabrication and Design of Monobike 27

AUTHOR DETAILS

Shatakshi Singh pursuing M. Tech in Electrical Engineering with Specialization in electrical engineering from
Shri Ram Murti Smarak College of Engineering and Technology, Bareilly, India. I have completed my B. Tech in
Electrical Engineering from Shri Ram Murti Smarak College of Engineering and Technology, Bareilly with 69.8% in
2015. I did my schooling from Sarla Devi Saraswati Balika Inter College, Tilhar, Shahjhanpur.

I have published my paper “Review of RYNO monobike” IJEER, 2019.

I have knowledge of MATLAB/SIMULINK software and ARDUINO software which I have used in my project
work in my capacity.

Akhilendra Singh Yadav, Assistant Professor at Shri Ram Murti Smarak College of Engineering and
Technology, having 15.5 years of experience in the field of instrumentation control. His qualifications are M. tech in 2005
from AMU Aligarh University and Ph. D in 2014 from UTU, Dehradun and also served as Dean Academics in July 2003 at
COER, Roorkee, India.

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