Geoffrey Chaucer The Father of English Poetry .Humor Also
Geoffrey Chaucer The Father of English Poetry .Humor Also
Geoffrey Chaucer The Father of English Poetry .Humor Also
English poetry
by Green Land on 16:28 in THE AGE OF CHAUCER
Geoffrey Chaucer is one of the greatest poets of England. He is known to be
the father of English poetry . This does not mean that there was no poetry or
poets in England before him. But before Chaucer there was no National
language. There were merely a number of regional languages. Chaucer
used one of these languages , East Midland . By the force of his genius, he
raised it to the level of the national language of England. He was, therefore ,
both the father of English poetry and the father of English language. He is
the first national poet of England. There were order poets also in his time
.They were John Gower and William Langland .But their poetry is little read
and enjoyed today.On the contrary, Chaucer continues to be as fresh and
enjoyable as when he lived and wrote .
Chaucer has been called the father of English poetry. Edward Albert calls
him "The earliest of the great moderns" Chaucer stands at the end of the
Middle ages and the beginning of the modern age. He has been called "The
Morning Star of the Renaissance " His poetry reflects the medieval spirit. It
also reflects the Italian Renaissance. Renaissance was first felt in England in
his age. Chaucer was tributed highly to hid genius for the next one hundred
and fifty . There was none to much him. About one hundred seventy years
later , we got Edmund Spenser who is regarded as the poet's Poet. In fact, he
is being enjoyed with the same enthusiasm today despite the lapse of five
centuries. But in the mean time , the English language has undergone
radical changes . He stands head and shoulders above his contemporaries
and successors and Father Of English Poetry .
Chaucer's modernism is best reflected in his realism. He reflects the real life
of the England of his day. He began his career with following the tradition of
courtly love, allegory and drama poetry. But he soon discarded these
tradition and turned his eyes to the life and people of his times. In The
Canterbury Tales, he comes to his own . His Prologue to the Canterbury
Tales is an epitome of 14th century England. With great force and realism ,
he has painted the life and people of his times. His realism is nowhere seen
to better advantage than in the delineation of character. In this respect , A.C.
Ward says, "Chaucer is the first great painter of Character ."With a few deft
touches he brings his characters to life . They are individuals as well as
types. In his twenty nine pilgrims , all the different classes, peoples and
professions of his time find a vivid expression .He represents his age not in
fragments but as a whole.
Chaucer rejected the medieval poetic tradition. He broke free from the
religious influence of the Middle Ages.Ecclesiastical ideas and medieval
habits of mind were still the controlling elements in his period. But in him
their sway is broken by the spirit of Italian Renaissance . He is "The
Morning Star of the Renaissance. "The face and secular spirit first expresses
itself in our English poetry through him. He loves human nature including
all its weaknesses .He takes a frank joy in the good things of life.He takes
interest in his fellowmen and enjoys their company. He is not repelled even
by the wicked, the foolish and the rascal .He is aware of the corruption in the
church. But he nowhere lashes at it fiercely as does Langland, his great
contemporary. His wide sympathy , gentle humanity , tolerance, etc. make
him really the first of the great moderns.
Chaucer is the first true humorist in English literature . His humour is the
expression of his joy in life and of his wide sympathy and tolerance
.Humour is the life and soul of his works. His humour is manysided and all
pervasive like that of Shakespeare or Dickens .His eyes take on a merry
twinkle as they fall on folly or wickedness of human nature. He has the
capacity to laugh even at his own expense. He never lashes bitterly at folly
or vice .but even looks on and smiles . He is the first of the great modern
humorists of England.
Chaucer is the first great national poet of England .He became the founder
of modern English poetry . Because he freed himself from foreign
influences. He used his own native language as the medium for his art .But
Gower used Latin and French . Chaucer concentrated his energies on the
development of his native tongue. He made it a fit medium for literary
expression . In this respect , Lowel rightly says,
He found English a dialect and left it a language
While all others of his age were local or provincial, he alone is national .He
imparted to the English language the modern ease, suppleness, flexibility
and smoothness . He breathed into it a high poetic life. He is certainly what
Spenser called him," The well of English undefiled".He gave to the people a
language so reformed and reshaped as to be a potent instrument for the
expression of thought .
Chaucer is one of the most musical of English poets. His English looks very
different at first. But it can easily be mastered with a little labour and
perseverance. He struck a modern note when he abandoned altogether the
Old English irregular lines and alliteration . He adopted the French method
of regular metres and endrhymes. He discarded complicated stanza forms.
For the first time, he achieved the union of simplicity and freedom in his
verse . Such union is the characteristic note of modern English poetry . He
introduced the Heroic Couplet into English Verse. He invented the Rhyme
Royal.
"It is more than a literary innovation. It is a change of mental attitude .
Poetry turned with tolerant curiosity to the study of mab and manners. For
the first time, the relation between individuals and ideas is clearly realized "
Chaucer did not invent his own tales. Like Shakespeare. He borrowed them
from Classic, Italian, French or English Sources.But he made them all his
own by his manner of his narration. In this respect . He is the supreme
storyteller in verse. He has greater sense of narrative unities than any other
of his contemporaries. His mastery of the art of narration has led many to
call him the father of the English novel. His Canterbury Tales are so many
novels in miniature .They are only to be translated into prose ti become so
many modern novels. That is why, William J. Long has called his Prologue
to the Canterbury Tales "the Prologue to modern fiction " S.D. Neil remarks,
"Had Chaucer written in Prose, it is possible that hid Troilus and Criseyde
and not Richardson's Pamela would be celebrated as the first English
novel."
Certain limitations of Chaucer may now be noted. He represents the growth
of intelligence and the consequent weakening of passion and imagination.
Since a lyric is a compound of imagination and passion there is a lack of
lyricism in his poetry . Matthew Arnold found that Chaucer wanted
sublimity and high seriousness . He, therefore, did not regard him as a great
classic .
However , in context of the delineation as stated above, we can say that
Chaucer's poetry has some limitations. He may not be a poet of the very
first order. we may not get from him moral and philosophical guidance . He
may not rise to the highest tragedy or pathos . But we get from him a lot of
Zest for life and a refreshing enjoyment of all that is beautiful in nature and
life. So his place remains undisputed as the father of English poetry. He is a
realist and humorist . He is the masterof characterization. His rejection of
medieval conventions and his services to the English language and
versification have made him "the earliest of the great moderns". When we
enter his world , we feel entirely at home as much as we do with Spenser and
Shakespeare. We feel the same when we study any great luminary of modern
English literature. In fact , Chaucer is a modern who can be enjoyed by the
modern reader with perfect ease. He is certainly among the few greatest
poets of the world.