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    Contrast With Durkheim (Socio)

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    muskan sangwan
    Max Weber defined sociology as the interpretative understanding of social action to arrive at causal explanations. He emphasized verstehen or empathy to understand the meaning actors give to their own actions. Weber analyzed modern society using "ideal types", which are formulated combinations that are rarely found exactly in reality. He identified four types of social action and described the "iron cage" of rational-legal bureaucracy that develops in modern societies and can depersonalize individuals. Weber also analyzed the role of Protestantism in the development of the rational spirit of capitalism.

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    Contrast With Durkheim (Socio)

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    muskan sangwan
    23 views4 pages
    Max Weber defined sociology as the interpretative understanding of social action to arrive at causal explanations. He emphasized verstehen or empathy to understand the meaning actors give to their own actions. Weber analyzed modern society using "ideal types", which are formulated combinations that are rarely found exactly in reality. He identified four types of social action and described the "iron cage" of rational-legal bureaucracy that develops in modern societies and can depersonalize individuals. Weber also analyzed the role of Protestantism in the development of the rational spirit of capitalism.

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    Max Weber defined sociology as the interpretative understanding of social action to arrive at causal explanations. He emphasized verstehen or empathy to understand the meaning actors give to their own actions. Weber analyzed modern society using "ideal types", which are formulated combinations that are rarely found exactly in reality. He identified four types of social action and described the "iron cage" of rational-legal bureaucracy that develops in modern societies and can depersonalize individuals. Weber also analyzed the role of Protestantism in the development of the rational spirit of capitalism.

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    23 views4 pages

    Contrast With Durkheim (Socio)

    Uploaded by

    muskan sangwan
    Max Weber defined sociology as the interpretative understanding of social action to arrive at causal explanations. He emphasized verstehen or empathy to understand the meaning actors give to their own actions. Weber analyzed modern society using "ideal types", which are formulated combinations that are rarely found exactly in reality. He identified four types of social action and described the "iron cage" of rational-legal bureaucracy that develops in modern societies and can depersonalize individuals. Weber also analyzed the role of Protestantism in the development of the rational spirit of capitalism.

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    of 4

    Contrast with Durkheim:

     Weber defined sociology as, “the interpretative understanding


    of social action in order thereby to arrive at casual explanation
    of its courses and effects”.
    Anti-positivist approach
     Importance of verstehen or empathy
     Relive the experience of the other. Not simply noting what you
    observe-but understand the meaning of actions as given by the
    actors.
     Using verstehen is scientific-it disregards intuition.
     Through verstehen one can establish causality.
    As a researcher it is very important to empathise.
    His analysis is through “ideal types”-
    Ideal types are formulated by the abstraction and combination of an
    infinite number of elements which though are found in reality, are
    rarely discovered in its exactness in real life.
    It does not represent the ideal or morally good.
    Examples: capitalism, court, democracy, terrorism
    His analysis of capitalism:
    Social action
    “action is social, insofar as by virtue of the subjective meaning
    attached to it by the acting individual it takes account of the
    behaviour of other and thereby oriented in its course.”
    Types of social actions <means and end>
    1. Rational action
    2. Value-rational action- any action in which ultimate values act as
    a guide to the action. In this case the meaning of action lies in
    carrying out the realisation of that specific value consideration
    for its own sake. The sole aim to carry out the action is
    determined by the values of virtues of duties or any specific
    principle that one changes.
    3. Affective action
    4. Traditional action
    Modern industrialised society - rational action V/S traditional or
    affective or value based.
    Power and authority:
     Power implies strength or the capacity to control despite
    resistance from others-imposing one’s will upon the
    behaviour of another person.
     Legitimate power is authority
    Three types of authority:
     Charismatic authority
     Traditional authority
     Rational-legal authority

    Bureaucracy
     A very rationalised system of modern administration
     Culmination of rational-legal authority

    Weber’s ideal type pf bureaucracy is comprised of some of the


    following elements:
     High degree of specialisation
     Clearly defined division of labour
     Hierarchical structure of authority
     Administration based on written documents
     Impersonal relationship b/w the members of the organization
    Iron cage of bureaucracy
     Dysfunctional of bureaucracy
    1.Cog in the machine-depersonalisation/human element
    vanishes-no room for creativity/inventiveness
    2.Red tapism
    Watch: flop show
    Rationalisation
     Modern societies or capitalism could be sustained only by
    rational and instrumental actions – rational accounting
    methods – necessary to make life more predictable and
    calculable – cannot leave anything to chance.
     Life was increasingly conducted through goal-oriented rational
    actions and governed through rational-legal authority systems
    with codified rules-earlier: explanations of social changes were
    left to change.
     Rationalization was Evolent in all spheres of life – religion,
    music, law, administration.

    Economy, polity

    Authority system in society

    Social action

    Rationalisation was most importantly was observed in religion.


     Its founding fathers are Martin Luther and John Calvin –
    specific kind of Protestantism identified as Calvinism – belief
    in the doctrine of predestination!
     They broke away from the catholic church, because they felt
    the church had lost touch with the common people.
     Accumulation of wealth and prosperity were signs of gods
    blessings.
     Once firmly established, capitalism lost its attachments with
    its religious origins.
    Criticisms of Weber
    1. Spirit of work as a calling did exist in some Catholic beliefs.
    2. Spirit of capitalism existed before Protestantism
    3. Discuss his analysis of ‘iron cage of bureaucracy.’
    4. Nevertheless, his analysis is pathbreaking – religion and
    economy.

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