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    Unit 3: Living Things and Their Environment

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    Paula
    The document summarizes the nervous system, including its major divisions and parts. The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord. The brain controls thought and activity, while the spinal cord controls reflexes. The peripheral nervous system connects the CNS to the body and has somatic and autonomic divisions. The autonomic system regulates involuntary functions and has sympathetic and parasympathetic parts. Nerve cells called neurons are the basic units and transmit electrochemical signals through dendrites, axons, and neurotransmitters to coordinate body processes.

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    Unit 3: Living Things and Their Environment

    Uploaded by

    Paula
    32 views4 pages
    The document summarizes the nervous system, including its major divisions and parts. The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord. The brain controls thought and activity, while the spinal cord controls reflexes. The peripheral nervous system connects the CNS to the body and has somatic and autonomic divisions. The autonomic system regulates involuntary functions and has sympathetic and parasympathetic parts. Nerve cells called neurons are the basic units and transmit electrochemical signals through dendrites, axons, and neurotransmitters to coordinate body processes.

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    UNIT 3 SCIENCE.docx

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    The document summarizes the nervous system, including its major divisions and parts. The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord. The brain controls thought and activity, while the spinal cord controls reflexes. The peripheral nervous system connects the CNS to the body and has somatic and autonomic divisions. The autonomic system regulates involuntary functions and has sympathetic and parasympathetic parts. Nerve cells called neurons are the basic units and transmit electrochemical signals through dendrites, axons, and neurotransmitters to coordinate body processes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    32 views4 pages

    Unit 3: Living Things and Their Environment

    Uploaded by

    Paula
    The document summarizes the nervous system, including its major divisions and parts. The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord. The brain controls thought and activity, while the spinal cord controls reflexes. The peripheral nervous system connects the CNS to the body and has somatic and autonomic divisions. The autonomic system regulates involuntary functions and has sympathetic and parasympathetic parts. Nerve cells called neurons are the basic units and transmit electrochemical signals through dendrites, axons, and neurotransmitters to coordinate body processes.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    Unit 3: Living Things and Their

    Environment
    MODULE 1: COORDINATED FUNCTIONS OF THE NERVOUS, ENDOCRINE
    AND REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS
     Major Divisions and Parts of the Nervous System

    1. Central Nervous System (CNS) – the CNS


    serves as the main processing center for the entire
    nervous system. It consists of two main
    components, namely the:

    a. Brain – This an organ located within the skull


    that functions as organizer and distributor of
    information for the body.
    o Cerebrum – large, upper
    part of the brain that
    controls activity and
    thought.
    o Cerebellum – the part
    under the Cerebrum that
    controls posture, balance,
    and coordination.
    o Brain Stem – the part
    that connects the brain to the Spinal Cord and controls automatic
    functions such as breathing, digestion, heart rate, and blood pressure.

    b. Spinal Cord – this serves as a channel for signals between the brain and
    the rest of the body, and control simple musculoskeletal reflexes without
    input from the brain.

    2. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) – the PNS connects the central nervous
    system to the organs and limbs. It has two main divisions:
    Unit 3: Living Things and Their
    Environment
    a. Somatic Nervous System – this
    system is associated with the voluntary control
    of the body movements and has two main
    parts:
    o Spinal Nerves – the nerves that carry
    motor and sensory signals between the spinal
    cord and the body.
    o Cranial Nerves – the nerve fibers that
    carry information in and out of the brain stem.

    b. Autonomic Nervous System – this


    system is associated with the involuntary control of body movements and
    has two subdivisions:

    o Sympathetic – it
    is activated when
    the body is in a
    dynamic role or
    stress (e.g.,
    increased heart
    rate and breathing,
    dilation of pupil,
    sweating, etc.)
    o Parasympathetic
    – it maintains body
    functions and
    restores the body to normal or relaxed mode.

     The Nerve Cell


    Unit 3: Living Things and Their
    Environment
    o the basic unit of the nervous system
    o also known as “Neurons”
    o there are billions of neurons in the body some
    are alone and some are together forming organs
    like the brain and the spinal cord
    o there are 12 to 14 billion of neurons in one
    part of the brain
    o has a cell body containing the nucleus
    o Dendrites and Axons – root-like structures
    projecting out of the cell body
    o a cell body have as many as 200 dendrites
    carrying impulses towards the cell body
    o a single dendrite can be 1 m long!
    o Axons carry impulses away from the cell body
    o axons pass impulses to the dendrites of other neurons or cell body of muscle
    cells
    o axons can be grouped together into cable-like bundles called nerves

     Control of body processes through the nervous system

    o The Nerve Impulse


     is a combination of an electrical charge and a chemical reaction
     is not a flow of electricity
    but an electrochemical
    signal moving along the
    neuron
     cannot jump from from one
    neuron to another
     when a nerve impulse
    comes to the end of the
    Axon, it produces the
    chemical called,
    neurotransmitter, to be
    released
    Unit 3: Living Things and Their
    Environment
     the chemical crosses the space between neurons called synapse and
    stimulates the nerve impulse to start in the next dendrite

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