L5 Controlling Processes

Topic 2 : Human
Body systems
Lesson 5: Controlling Processes .
Lesson objectives
Nervous system
• The nervous system is your body’s communication network
Your Nervous system
• receives information about what is happening inside and outside
your body.
• Then it directs how your body responds to this information.
• It also helps maintain homeostasis, which keeps your internal

environment stable.
• The nervous system is made from the Brain, spinal cord and nerves.
Like any other system……
• It is made from cells,tissues and organs.
• A cell that carries information through the nervous system is called a
Neuron or a nerve cell .
• The structure of a neuron helps ion its function .
Dendrites : branched
structure that picks up
information.
Cell body
Axon: receives information

from the dendrite and sends it
away from the cell.
Nervous system
CNS (central PNS(peripheral

nervous system) nervous system)
Network of nerves
Brain & Spinal
that branch out
Cord
from the CNS
Controls most of Connects the CNS

the body and to the rest of the
mind . body.
Sensory neuron :
Picks up stimulus from the
internal or external environment
and converts the stimulus into a
message.
An interneuron : carries
messages from sensory
neuron to another neuron .
Motor neuron :
Sends the message to a
muscle or gland, which
reacts accordingly.
Nerve impulses
• The function of a neuron is to transmit information.
1. Dendrite receive information
2. the neuron sends the information along the cell through the long
axon .
3. The message carried by the neuron is called a nerve impulse.
4. The axon transmits the impulse to nearby cells.
Synapse: the junction where one neuron can transfer
electric signal(impulse) to another neuron.
CNS (Central nervous system)
• The brain is the part of the CNS that is located in the skull and
controls most functions of the body .
• The spinal cord is a thick column of nervous tissue that links the brain
to most of the nerves that branch out through the body.
Covered by
layers of
The Brain connective

tissue and a
fluid that help
protect the
Has about 100 billion
neurons
brain from
(interneurons) injury
Its components
control voluntary
and involuntary
It has three
actions such as heart
main
components: brain muscular
brain stem coordination .
The spinal cord
The vertebral column contains the spinal cord.
It is surrounded by layers of connective tissues along with a

layer of fluid.
PNS (peripheral nervous system )
Network of nerves that
connects the CNS to the
rest of the body is the
PNS.
It has 43 pairs of nerves.

Controls voluntary and involuntary actions .
Sensory neurons bring impulses to the CNS .
Motor neurons carry impulses from the CNS out to the body .
PNS Nerves
Somatic Autonomic
Voluntary actions . Involuntary actions .

Ex: typing a text Ex: digestion
message Pupil dilation
The Endocrine system
• The endocrine system regulates the body by releasing
chemicals called hormones.
• The endocrine system is made from glands.
• A gland is an organ that produces and releases chemicals
through ducts or into the bloodstream.
Regulators
• The Hypothalamus: links between the nervous system and
endocrine system .
• It is located deep inside the brain, just above the spinal cord.
• Its function is to send out nerve and chemical signals.
• Its signals controls sleep , hunger, and other basic processes.
• It produces hormones that regulate other glands and organs
of the endocrine system.
Regulators
• The Pituitary gland:
• It is pea-sized gland .
• It receives signals from the hypothalamus and releases
hormones.
• Some of theses hormones are signals to other endocrine
glands.
• It produces Growth hormone that go to work directly on
different body tissues.
Hormone Control
Like a refrigerator, your endocrine system
works to maintain equilibrium, or
Homeostasis.
When the amount of the hormone in the

blood reaches a certain level, the
endocrine system sends signals to stop
the release of that hormone.
The process by which a system is turned

off by the condition it produces is called
negative feedback.

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Topic 2 : Human

• It also helps maintain homeostasis, which keeps your internal

Axon: receives information

CNS (central PNS(peripheral

Controls most of Connects the CNS

The Brain connective

It is surrounded by layers of connective tissues along with a

It has 43 pairs of nerves.

Sensory neurons bring impulses to the CNS .

Voluntary actions . Involuntary actions .

When the amount of the hormone in the

The process by which a system is turned

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