Ionization Potentials

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Northern Zambales College

Masinloc Zambales

Course: BEED-III
Subject: inorganic Chemistry
Instructor: Mrs. Josephine T. Edora Ed,D
Name/s: Hedellewise M. Gaboya

Ionization Potential Factors affecting Ionization Potential

Ionization Energy  Effective nuclear charge


 Atomic size i.e. atomic radius
The process of removing an electron from an
 Principle quantum number
isolated atom to form a positive ion.
 Shielding effect
 First ionization energy (I1):  Half filled and completely filled orbitals
Amount of energy required to remove the most loosely  Nature of orbitals
bound electron from an isolated gaseous atom to form a  The extent of penetration of valence electrons
cation.
Al(g) Al+(g)+e- l1=580 kJ/mol

 Second ionization energy (I2): Trends in Ionization Potential


Amount of energy required to remove a second  Ionization energy generally increases from left
electron from the gaseous monopositive cation to form to right in a period because of the increase in
di-positive cation. nuclear charge and decrease in atomic radius.
Al+(g) Al2+(g)+e- l2=1815 kJ/mol  Ionization energies generally decrease down a
group due to the shielding effect and increase
 Ionization energies are usually expressed in in atomic size.
electron volts (eV) per atom or in kilo-Joules per  Deviations from these trends can usually be
mol (kJ/mol) --> 1eV/atom=96.48 kJ/mol . traced to repulsion between electrons,
 Value of each ionization energy will increase particularly electrons occupying the same
with each removed electron, since the orbitals.
attractive influence of the nucleus increases  When all valence electrons have been removed,
and will require more energy for the removal of the ionization energy takes a quantum leap.
an electron from more positive charges.
 Ionization energies measure how tightly
electrons are bound to atoms. Low energies
indicate ease of removal of electrons and vice
versa.

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