CHAPTER 5

Ionic Bonding
Lesson 1

UNIT II: ATOMS AND MATTER

Lesson Objectives:

At the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Apply the octet rule to predict changes in atoms

of elements during a chemical reaction;

Draw the Lewis formula that represents an

atom or ion;

Describe the electron transfer between atoms

to form ionic compounds; and

Explain the properties of ionic compounds.

KEY CONCEPTS

TRANSFER OF ELECTRONS

IONIC BONDING
IONIC COMPOUNDS

METALS CATIONS

NONMETALS ANIONS
INTRODUCTION

A bond that holds atoms together

 HOW ATOMS BOND

https://youtu.be/NgD9y
HSJ29I
EDUCATIONAL LINKS

https://youtu.be/zpaHPXVR8WU https://youtu.be/TxHi5FtMYKk
SIMULATION: IONIC BONDING TUTORIAL

Simulation Link:

https://pbslm-
contrib.s3.amazonaws.com
/WGBH/arct15/SimBucket/
Simulations/chemthink-
ionicbonding/content/inde
x.html
IONIC BONDING
Transfer of one or more electrons from one atom or group of atoms to another
IONIC BONDING
Transfer of one or more electrons from one atom or group of atoms to another
IONIC BONDING
Transfer of one or more electrons from one atom or group of atoms to another

Electrostatic attraction
between oppositely-charged
ions (cations & anions)

Formed when electrons are

transferred from atoms of
one element to the atoms of
another element
IONIC BONDING
Transfer of one or more electrons from one atom or group of atoms to another

A cation is formed from an Atoms on the left side of the

atom that has a tendency to periodic table tend to form
LOSE electrons. positive ions.

Metals can easily lose

electrons.

The cation will usually be a

metal.
IONIC BONDING
Transfer of one or more electrons from one atom or group of atoms to another

An anion is formed from an Atoms on the right side of the

atom that has a tendency to periodic table tend to form
GAIN electrons. negative ions.

Nonmetals form ions by

gaining electrons,

The anion will usually be a

nonmetal.
Will the species below LOSE or
GAIN electrons?
IONIC BONDING
Transfer of one or more electrons from one atom or group of atoms to another
IONIC BONDING
Transfer of one or more electrons from one atom or group of atoms to another
IONIC BONDING
Transfer of one or more electrons from one atom or group of atoms to another
IONIC BONDING
Draw a diagram, with outer electrons only, to show how
the electrons are transferred when magnesium chloride
is formed from its elements.

?
SIMULATION: IONIC BOND

Simulation Link:
Simulation Link:
https://javalab.org/en/ionic_bond_2_en
https://javalab.org/en/nacl_ionic_bond_en/
IONIC BOND AND PERIODIC PROPERTIES

https://youtu.be/5CBs36jtZxY https://youtu.be/6WIBa32o63Q https://youtu.be/Rr7LhdSKMxY

IONIC BOND AND PERIODIC PROPERTIES

IONIZATION ENERGY

ELECTRON AFFINITY

ELECTRONEGATIVITY
 The energy required to remove an electron from an atom
IONIZATION • The electron lost is the one most loosely held.

ENERGY
• Ionization energy is expressed in electron volts (eV) or kJ/mol.

1st Ionization Energy - The energy required to remove the highest

energy electron from a neutral gaseous atom
Na(g) → Na+(g) + e- I1 = 496 kJ/mol

IT IS MORE DIFFICULT
2nd Ionization Energy - The energy required to remove the second
TO REMOVE AN
electron from a singly-charged gaseous cation
ADDITIONAL Na+(g) → Na2+(g) + e- I2 = 4560 kJ/mol
ELECTRON FROM A
POSITIVELY- 3rd Ionization Energy - The energy required to remove the third
CHARGED ION electron from a doubly-charged gaseous cation
Na2+(g) → Na3+(g) + e- I3 = 6913 kJ/mol
IONIZATION ENERGY
• Measures how tightly bound an electron
is to an atom
• Low ionization energy indicates easy
removal of an electron, and an atom
readily becomes a positive ion (cation).
• A small atom requires high ionization
energy because the closer an electron is
to the nucleus, the greater the nuclear
attractive force.
• The farther an electron is from the nucleus, the more it is easily removed.
• As you move down the periodic table, the atomic radii increases; the effective nuclear
charge decreases. Due to the shielding effect, the ionization energy also decreases
IONIZATION ENERGY
The minimum amount of energy required to remove the most loosely-bound electron
of an isolated neutral gaseous atom or molecule

Atoms with lower

ionization energies easily
lose their valence
electron(s) and become
cations, which will react
with anions to form ionic
bonds.
ELECTRON AFFINITY
The energy released when an atom gains an electron, forming a negative ion

• Can be positive or
negative
• The more negative the
electron affinity is, the
more stable the ion
(anion) produced.
 ELECTRON AFFINITY
The amount of energy released when an electron is added to an atom

In every ionic bond, one

atom is characterized by
small ionization energy
(metals) while the other
has a large electron
affinity (nonmetals).
ELECTRON
AFFINITY
vs
IONIZATION
ENERGY
ELECTRON In summary, the low ionization energies and low
electron affinities of the elements on the lower left

AFFINITY of the periodic table account for the readiness of

their atoms to form cations.

vs On the other hand, the high ionization energies and

high electron affinities of elements on the upper right

IONIZATION of the periodic table (with the exception of the noble

gases) account for their ready formation of anions (and

ENERGY
for the fact that they are generally nonmetals, since
that property is associated with the difficulty of
removing electrons from atoms).
 ELECTRONEGATIVITY
The tendency of an atom to attract electrons to itself

The larger the electronegativity value, the greater the tendency of an atom to attract electrons.

Predicts the
type of bond
that exists
between
atoms in
compounds
 • Ionic bonding takes place when
the difference in
ELECTRONEGATIVITY electronegativity between the
two atoms is ≥ 2 ( some text
The measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a 1.7).
bonding pair of electrons
• This usually happens when a
metal atom bonds with a non-
metal atom.

• When the difference in

electronegativity is large, one
atom will attract the shared
electron pair much more
strongly than the other, causing
electrons to be transferred
from one atom to the other.
CONCEPT BUILDER: IONIC BONDING

Link:
https://www.physicsclassroom.com
/Concept-Builders/Chemistry/Ionic-
Bonding/Concept-Builder
iGAME: IONIC BONDING

Game Link:

https://www.learner.org/wp-
content/interactive/periodic/
bonding/
EDUCATIONAL LINKS

https://youtu.be/vfYnhnfdsD0 https://youtu.be/JylJwHryeSU
 NAMING AND WRITING IONIC FORMULAS

https://youtu.be/Od55
RuPbGy8
IONIC COMPOUNDS
Chemical compounds composed of ions held together by electrostatic forces

Named by using the

name of the cation
(metal) followed by the
name of the anion
(nonmetal) and adding
the suffix –ide to the
nonmetal name
IONIC COMPOUNDS
Chemical compounds composed of ions held together by electrostatic forces

Named by using the

name of the cation
? ?
(metal) followed by the
name of the anion
? ?
(nonmetal) and adding
the suffix –ide to the
nonmetal name
IONIC COMPOUNDS
Chemical compounds composed of ions held together by electrostatic forces

Named by using the

name of the cation
(metal) followed by the
name of the anion
(nonmetal) and adding
the suffix –ide to the
nonmetal name
NAMING IONIC COMPOUNDS

?
 IONIC COMPOUNDS
In an ionic compound, the elements that are combined in a ratio to fill each other’s valence
shells end up combining in a neutrally-charged compound.

Lead (II) Phosphide

WHAT IS THE
CHEMICAL FORMULA?
IONIC COMPOUNDS
Pb3P2
Lead (II) Phosphide

+2 ?

-3 ?
 What is the
IONIC COMPOUNDS CHEMICAL
FORMULA?
What is the Chemical formula for:
Magnesium Sulfide Lithium Phosphide Tin (IV) Nitride

? ? ?
MgS Li3P Sn3N4
IONIC COMPOUNDS
CRISS-CROSS METHOD
 IONIC BOND AND IONIC COMPOUNDS

https://youtu.be/XHkw
BLdC9zw
 IONIC
COMPOUNDS

IONIC SOLIDS: solids held

together by ionic bonds

They are lattices composed of oppositely-charged ions.

Each positive ion is surrounded by a negative ion.
CRYSTAL STRUCTURE Ionic solids tend to have high melting points.
 IONIC
COMPOUNDS

HIGH MELTING POINT

HIGH BOILING POINT

 IONIC
COMPOUNDS

HIGH MELTING POINT

HIGH BOILING POINT

SOLUBLE IN WATER
 IONIC
COMPOUNDS

HIGH MELTING POINT

HIGH BOILING POINT

SOLUBLE IN WATER

CONDUCT ELECTRICITY
 9

IONIC
BONDING
FILE NAME:
WS2Science9.Chapter5.Lesson1_IONIC BONDING