Cambridge International Examinations

Cambridge Ordinary Level

* 3 9 3 0 6 0 9 0 3 7 *

CHEMISTRY 5070/21
Paper 2 Theory October/November 2015
1 hour 30 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

Section A
Answer all questions.
Write your answers in the spaces provided in the Question Paper.

Section B
Answer any three questions.
Write your answers in the spaces provided in the Question Paper.

Electronic calculators may be used.

You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.
A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 20.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

This document consists of 17 printed pages and 3 blank pages.

DC (LK/SW) 89535/4
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Section A

Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided.

The total mark for this section is 45.

A1 Choose from the following gases to answer the questions below.

ammonia
argon
carbon dioxide
chlorine
ethane
ethene
nitrogen
nitrogen(II) oxide
oxygen
sulfur dioxide

Each of these gases can be used once, more than once or not at all.

Which gas

(a) forms approximately 1% of the air,

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) bleaches damp litmus paper,

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(c) reacts with water to form an alkaline solution,

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(d) can undergo polymerisation,

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(e) is a compound formed in the atmosphere as a result of lightning activity,

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(f) is a diatomic molecule containing a total of 16 electrons?

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 6]

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A2 Coal is a mixture of carbon compounds with a small amount of sulfur.

A sample of coal is heated in the absence of air using the apparatus shown.

powdered
coal

heat
water

colourless
liquid

tar

The distillate is a mixture of a colourless liquid and tar.

(a) The colourless liquid contains ammonia, NH3.

Draw a ‘dot-and-cross’ diagram for ammonia.

Show only the outer shell electrons.

[2]

(b) The tar contains ethanoic acid.

When warmed in the presence of sulfuric acid, ethanoic acid reacts with propanol
to form an ester.

Name and draw the structure of this ester showing all the atoms and all the bonds.

name ..........................................................................................................................................

structure

[2]

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(c) The tar also contains a compound with the following composition.

element percentage by mass

carbon 76.60
hydrogen 6.38
oxygen 17.02

Deduce the empirical formula of this compound.

empirical formula ...........................................................[2]

(d) When coal is burned, an acidic gas is produced which decolourises acidified aqueous
potassium manganate(VII). This gas contributes to acid rain.

(i) Identify this gas and describe how acid rain is formed.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

(ii) Give one adverse effect of acid rain on buildings.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(iii) Acid rain can have an adverse effect on respiration.

Write an equation to represent the process of respiration.

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

[Total: 11]

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A3 A layer of ozone is present in the stratosphere about 30 km above the Earth’s surface.

(a) Compounds with formulae such as CCl 3F and C2Cl F5 are responsible for the depletion of
ozone.

(i) Give the general name for these compounds.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Explain, in terms of human health, why it is important that the ozone in the stratosphere
does not become too depleted.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

(b) In the stratosphere, ozone, O3, is broken down to oxygen by photochemical reactions.

(i) What is meant by the term photochemical reaction ?

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Construct an equation for the breakdown of ozone molecules to oxygen molecules.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(c) Ozone oxidises Fe2+ ions to Fe3+ ions.

Complete the ionic equation for this reaction.

…. Fe2+ + …. H+ + O3 …. Fe3+ + H2O + O2 [1]

[Total: 6]

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A4 Copper is a metal.

(a) Draw a labelled diagram to show the bonding in copper.

[2]

(b) Explain why metals are malleable.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(c) Copper corrodes slowly in damp air.

One of the corrosion products has the formula CuCO3.Cu(OH)2.

(i) Calculate the percentage by mass of copper in this compound.

[2]

(ii) How could you show that CuCO3.Cu(OH)2 contains carbonate ions?

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

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(d) Copper is oxidised by concentrated sulfuric acid.

This redox reaction can be represented by equations A and B.

A Cu Cu2+ + 2e–

B 4H+ + SO42– + 2e– 2H2O + SO2

Which reaction, A or B, is oxidation and which is reduction? Explain your answer.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

[Total: 10]

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A5 A student set up a tube as shown in the diagram.

cotton wool cotton wool

soaked in soaked in
hydrobromic acid aqueous ammonia

Concentrated hydrobromic acid produces fumes of hydrogen bromide.

Concentrated aqueous ammonia produces fumes of ammonia.

(a) After some time, solid ammonium bromide appeared on the walls of the tube at point X.

Use the kinetic particle theory to explain this result.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[4]

(b) A gas syringe is filled with 70 cm3 of ammonia gas.

The pressure on the plunger is increased.
The temperature does not change but the volume in the syringe decreases to 60 cm3.

plunger

gas syringe

70 cm3
ammonia 60 cm3
gas

blocked
syringe end

Use the kinetic particle theory to explain why the volume decreases.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 5]

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A6 When 1 mole of sodium hydroxide reacts with excess hydrochloric acid, 57.1 kJ of energy is
released.

NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O

(a) Calculate the energy released when 12.0 g of sodium hydroxide reacts with excess
hydrochloric acid.

[2]

(b) Calculate the volume of 0.200 mol / dm3 HCl which contains 2.19 g of HCl.

[2]

(c) Aqueous hydrochloric acid contains chloride ions.

Describe a test for chloride ions.

test ............................................................................................................................................

result .....................................................................................................................................[2]

(d) Zinc oxide reacts with both hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide.

Which term describes this behaviour of zinc oxide?

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 7]

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Section B

Answer three questions from this section in the spaces provided.

The total mark for this section is 30.

B7 The structures of graphite and boron nitride are shown below.

Key Key
= carbon atom nitrogen atom
boron atom

graphite boron nitride

(a) Like graphite, boron nitride feels slippery to the touch.

Explain, in terms of structure and bonding, why boron nitride feels slippery to the touch.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]
11
(b) An isotope of boron is represented by the symbol 5
B.

Deduce the number of protons and neutrons in this isotope of boron.

number of protons .....................................................................................................................

number of neutrons ...............................................................................................................[1]

(c) Explain why graphite has a high melting point.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

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(d) Dilute sulfuric acid can be electrolysed using graphite electrodes.

oxygen hydrogen

dilute
sulfuric
acid

graphite electrodes

+ –

(i) Graphite is a good electrical conductor.

Explain why graphite conducts electricity.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Give another property of graphite that makes it useful as an electrode in this electrolysis.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(e) During the electrolysis of dilute sulfuric acid, oxygen is released at the anode (positive
electrode) and hydrogen is released at the cathode (negative electrode).

(i) Complete the equation for the reaction at the anode.

4OH– O2 + ........... + ........... [1]

(ii) Construct the equation for the reaction at the cathode.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(iii) Explain why the volume of hydrogen produced is approximately double that of the oxygen.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 10]
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B8 A sample of 0.030 g of small pieces of magnesium is added to 20 cm3 of 0.10 mol / dm3
hydrochloric acid.

Mg(s) + 2HCl (aq) MgCl 2(aq) + H2(g)

(a) (i) Show by calculation which reactant is in excess.

[3]

(ii) What would you observe in this reaction?

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

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(b) The graph shows how the volume of hydrogen gas produced, at room temperature and
pressure, changes with time.

30

20
volume of
hydrogen
/ cm3
10

0
0 20 40 60 80 100
time / s

Calculate the total mass of hydrogen formed.

mass of hydrogen = ................. g [2]

(c) The experiment is repeated at the same temperature and pressure. The same mass of
magnesium is added but magnesium powder is used instead of small pieces.

The rate of reaction is faster. Explain why.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(d) Magnesium reacts with nitrogen when heated. The ionic compound magnesium nitride,
Mg3N2, is formed.

(i) Construct the equation, including state symbols, for this reaction.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Deduce the charge on the nitride ion.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 10]
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B9 The structure of glycolic acid can be represented as shown.

H O C

O H

(a) Glycolic acid is a solid at room temperature.

Describe the arrangement and motion of the molecules in glycolic acid at room temperature.

arrangement ..............................................................................................................................

motion ....................................................................................................................................[2]

(b) Glycolic acid can polymerise with itself to form a polyester called poly(glycolic acid).

(i) What type of polymer is a polyester?

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Draw a section of the polymer chain of poly(glycolic acid) showing at least two repeating
units.

[2]

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(c) Glycolic acid is produced by heating methanal, carbon monoxide and water in the presence
of a sulfuric acid catalyst.

CH2O + CO + H2O CH2(OH)COOH

methanal glycolic acid

(i) A sample of 1800 g of methanal reacts with excess carbon monoxide and water.
The percentage yield of glycolic acid is 45%.

Calculate the mass, in grams, of glycolic acid produced.

mass of glycolic acid = ............... g [3]

(ii) Glycolic acid is a weak acid. Sulfuric acid is a strong acid.

Explain the difference between a strong acid and a weak acid.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

[Total: 10]

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B10 Methanol is manufactured by reacting carbon monoxide with hydrogen. The forward reaction is
exothermic.

CO(g) + 2H2(g) CH3OH(g) ΔH = – 91 kJ / mol

(a) Predict and explain the effect of increasing the pressure on the position of equilibrium. The
temperature remains constant.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(b) Predict and explain the effect of decreasing the temperature on the position of equilibrium.
The pressure remains constant.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(c) The rate of reaction decreases when the temperature is lowered.

Explain why.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(d) The reaction is catalysed by copper.

(i) Describe and explain the effect of a catalyst on this reaction.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

(ii) Copper is a transition element. Many transition elements are catalysts.

Give two other properties of copper that identify it as a transition element.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

[Total: 10]

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© UCLES 2015 5070/21/O/N/15

 DATA SHEET
The Periodic Table of the Elements

© UCLES 2015
Group
I II III IV V VI VII 0
1 4
H He
Hydrogen Helium
1 2

7 9 11 12 14 16 19 20
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
20

85 88 89 91 93 96 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Tin Antimony Tellurium Xenon

5070/21/O/N/15
Indium Iodine
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

133 137 139 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 209 210 222

Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
55 56 57 * 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

223 226 227

Fr Ra Ac
Francium Radium Actinium
87 88 89 †

140 141 144 147 150 152 157 159 162 165 167 169 173 175
* 58–71 Lanthanoid series
† 90–103 Actinoid series Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium
58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
a a = relative atomic mass 232 231 238 237 244 243 247 247 251 252 257 258 259 260
Key X X = atomic symbol Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium
b b = atomic (proton) number 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103

The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.).