Cambridge International Examinations

Cambridge Ordinary Level

* 4 0 5 3 2 1 1 0 0 8 *

CHEMISTRY 5070/21
Paper 2 Theory October/November 2016
1 hour 30 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

Section A
Answer all questions.
Write your answers in the spaces provided in the Question Paper.

Section B
Answer any three questions.
Write your answers in the spaces provided in the Question Paper.

Electronic calculators may be used.

You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.
A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 20.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

This document consists of 18 printed pages and 2 blank pages.

DC (LEG/SG) 107872/3
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Section A

Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided.

The total mark for this section is 45.

A1 Choose from the following compounds to answer the questions below.

Ba(NO3)2
CaCO3
CaO
CH4
C3H8
Fe2O3
KMnO4
NaNO3
NO
SO2
V2O5
Zn(NO3)2

Each of these compounds can be used once, more than once or not at all.

Which compound

(a) is an atmospheric pollutant formed by lightning activity,

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) is the main constituent of natural gas,

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(c) dissolves in water to form an aqueous solution which gives a white precipitate on addition of
aqueous sodium sulfate,

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(d) is a catalyst in the contact process for the manufacture of sulfuric acid,

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(e) is a product of the thermal decomposition of limestone?

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 5]

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A2 Sulfuric acid is a strong acid.

(a) (i) What is meant by the term strong acid ?

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Describe how you could measure the pH of dilute sulfuric acid.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) Many plants cannot grow in soils which are too acidic.

Describe and explain how soils which are too acidic can be treated to reduce the acidity.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(c) The graph shows the effect of soil pH on the rate of uptake of potassium ions by plant roots.

rate of uptake
of potassium
ions

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
soil pH

Describe how the rate of uptake of potassium ions varies with soil pH.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 5]

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A3 The alcohols are a homologous series with the general formula CnH2n+1OH.

(a) Deduce the molecular formula of the alcohol having eight carbon atoms.

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) The table shows some information about different alcohols.

alcohol formula melting point boiling point density

/ °C / °C in g / cm3
ethanol C2H5OH –117 79 0.789
propanol C3H7OH –126 98 0.804
butanol C4H9OH –89 117
pentanol C5H11OH –79 138 0.815
hexanol C6H13OH –47 158 0.820

(i) Describe how the boiling point changes with the number of carbon atoms in the alcohol.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Estimate the density, in g / cm3, of butanol.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(iii) What is the physical state of pentanol at room temperature and pressure? Explain your
answer.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(c) How does viscosity change in the homologous series of alcohols?

Explain your answer.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(d) Construct the equation for the complete combustion of propanol.

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(e) Propanol can be oxidised to propanoic acid.

(i) Suggest the oxidising agent and describe the conditions used for this reaction.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]
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(ii) Draw the structure of propanoic acid, showing all the atoms and all the bonds.

[1]

[Total: 11]

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A4 Peroxodisulfate ions, S2O82–, react with iodide ions in aqueous solution.

S2O82–(aq) + 2I–(aq) 2SO42–(aq) + I2(aq)

The table shows how the relative rate of this reaction changes when different concentrations of
peroxodisulfate ions and iodide ions are used.

concentration of S2O82– concentration of I– relative rate

experiment
in mol / dm3 in mol / dm3 of reaction
1 0.008 0.02 1.7
2 0.016 0.02 3.3
3 0.032 0.02 6.8
4 0.008 0.04 3.4
5 0.008 0.08 6.9

(a) Use the information in the table to describe how increasing the concentration of each of these
ions affects the relative rate of reaction.

peroxodisulfate ions ..................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

iodide ions .................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) Iron(III) ions, Fe3+, catalyse this reaction.

Explain how catalysts increase the rate of a reaction.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(c) Iron(III) ions react with iodide ions.

2I–(aq) + 2Fe3+(aq) I2(aq) + 2Fe2+(aq)

(i) Explain how iron(III) ions are acting as an oxidising agent in this reaction.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) What colour change is observed when this reaction happens?

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

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(iii) Describe a test for iron(III) ions.

test ....................................................................................................................................

observation ........................................................................................................................
[2]

(d) Iron(II) ions react with peroxodisulfate ions. The products are iron(III) ions and sulfate ions.

Construct the equation for this reaction.

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 8]

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A5 Potassium chlorate, KCl O3, decomposes to form potassium chloride and oxygen.

2KCl O3(s) 2KCl (s) + 3O2(g)

(a) Calculate the percentage by mass of oxygen in potassium chlorate.

[2]

(b) Calculate the maximum volume of oxygen formed at room temperature and pressure when
12.25 g of potassium chlorate is completely decomposed.

[3]

(c) Potassium chloride can be made by reacting potassium with chlorine.

(i) Explain in terms of gain and loss of electrons, how potassium ions and chloride ions are
formed when potassium reacts with chlorine.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[3]

(ii) Predict two physical properties of potassium chloride.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

[Total: 10]

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A6 Dry air contains nitrogen, oxygen, argon and other gases.

(a) State the percentage compositions by volume of nitrogen and oxygen present in dry air.

nitrogen ................................ %

oxygen ................................. % [1]

(b) The formula for oxygen gas is O2.

(i) Draw a ‘dot-and-cross’ diagram of an oxygen molecule.

Show only the outer shell electrons.

[1]

(ii) What is the formula of argon gas?

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(c) Titanium is extracted from titanium(IV) chloride by reduction with molten sodium in an argon
atmosphere and not in air.

Suggest why this reaction is carried out in an argon atmosphere and not in air.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(d) State one other use of argon.

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 6]

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Section B

Answer three questions from this section in the spaces provided.

The total mark for this section is 30.

B7 Ethenyl ethanoate, CH3CO2CH=CH2, is manufactured by passing a mixture of ethanoic acid,

ethene and oxygen over a catalyst at 200 °C.

CH3CO2H + CH2=CH2 + ½O2 CH3CO2CH=CH2 + H2O

The reaction is exothermic.

(a) Draw an energy profile diagram for this reaction on the axes shown.

On your diagram label

• the reactants and products,
• the enthalpy change for the reaction,
• the activation energy.

energy

reaction pathway

[3]

(b) Ethenyl ethanoate is an unsaturated compound.

Describe a chemical test for an unsaturated compound.

test ............................................................................................................................................

observation ...............................................................................................................................
[2]

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(c) The catalyst used in the manufacture of ethenyl ethanoate contains copper.

Copper reacts with concentrated nitric acid.

Complete the equation for this reaction.

Cu + ….HNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + ….H2O + ….NO2 [1]

(d) The structure of ethenyl ethanoate is shown.

COCH3

O H

C C

H H

Draw the structure of the addition polymer formed from ethenyl ethanoate.

[2]

(e) State two pollution problems caused by non-biodegradable plastics.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

[Total: 10]

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B8 Ethanol can be manufactured by reacting ethene with steam in a closed reaction vessel.

C2H4(g) + H2O(g) C2H5OH(g)

The reaction is exothermic.

(a) State two conditions for this reaction.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(b) The graph shows the percentage yield of ethanol at different temperatures.

50

40

% yield 30
of ethanol
20

10
100 200 300 400
temperature / °C

(i) Describe how, and explain why, the percentage yield changes with temperature.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[3]

(ii) Suggest why the reaction is carried out at 300 °C and not at 200 °C.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

(c) Describe how, and explain why, the position of equilibrium changes when the pressure is
increased.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

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(d) Ethanol reacts with methanoic acid, HCO2H, to form ethyl methanoate and water.

Construct the equation for this reaction.

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total: 10]

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B9 Tin and silver are metals.

(a) State two properties which are characteristic of most metals.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(b) Draw a labelled diagram to show how a tin rod can be electroplated with silver.

[3]

(c) A 9.50 g sample of a chloride of tin contains 5.95 g of tin.

Deduce the empirical formula of this chloride of tin.

empirical formula ............................................................[2]

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(d) Tin(II) oxide reacts with oxygen to form tin(IV) oxide.

2SnO + O2 2SnO2
tin(II) oxide tin(IV) oxide

When a sample of 13.5 g of tin(II) oxide is reacted with oxygen, 12.7 g of tin(IV) oxide is
formed.

Calculate the percentage yield of tin(IV) oxide.

...................................................... % [3]

[Total: 10]

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B10 A student prepared some crystals of hydrated lithium nitrate by reacting aqueous lithium hydroxide
with dilute nitric acid.

LiOH + HNO3 + 2H2O LiNO3.3H2O

(a) Explain how you would carry out this procedure to obtain pure dry crystals of hydrated lithium
nitrate.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[4]

(b) The student used 20.0 cm3 of 0.500 mol / dm3 of lithium hydroxide to prepare the crystals.

Calculate the maximum mass of hydrated lithium nitrate crystals that could be made.

....................................................... g [3]

(c) A sample of hydrated lithium nitrate is heated in a test-tube.

2LiNO3.3H2O(s) Li2O(s) + 2NO2(g) + ½O2(g) + 6H2O(l)

What is observed during this reaction?

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(d) Explain why lithium oxide conducts electricity when molten.

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

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(e) Predict the products of electrolysis of molten lithium oxide at

the anode (positive electrode), .................................................................................................

the cathode (negative electrode). .............................................................................................

[1]

[Total: 10]

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© UCLES 2016 5070/21/O/N/16

 The Periodic Table of Elements
Group

© UCLES 2016
I II III IV V VI VII VIII
1 2
H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1 4
3 4 atomic number 5 6 7 8 9 10
Li Be atomic symbol B C N O F Ne
lithium beryllium name boron carbon nitrogen oxygen fluorine neon
7 9 relative atomic mass 11 12 14 16 19 20
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
sodium magnesium aluminium silicon phosphorus sulfur chlorine argon
23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
potassium calcium scandium titanium vanadium chromium manganese iron cobalt nickel copper zinc gallium germanium arsenic selenium bromine krypton
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
rubidium strontium yttrium zirconium niobium molybdenum technetium ruthenium rhodium palladium silver cadmium indium tin antimony tellurium iodine xenon
20

85 88 89 91 93 96 – 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

5070/21/O/N/16
lanthanoids
Cs Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
caesium barium hafnium tantalum tungsten rhenium osmium iridium platinum gold mercury thallium lead bismuth polonium astatine radon
133 137 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 – – –
87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 116
actinoids
Fr Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Fl Lv
francium radium rutherfordium dubnium seaborgium bohrium hassium meitnerium darmstadtium roentgenium copernicium flerovium livermorium
– – – – – – – – – – – – –

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
lanthanoids La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
lanthanum cerium praseodymium neodymium promethium samarium europium gadolinium terbium dysprosium holmium erbium thulium ytterbium lutetium
139 140 141 144 – 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
actinoids Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
actinium thorium protactinium uranium neptunium plutonium americium curium berkelium californium einsteinium fermium mendelevium nobelium lawrencium
– 232 231 238 – – – – – – – – – – –

The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.)