Government of Province, Nepal

Ministry of Physical Infrastructure Development

Province No. 2
Janakpurdham, Dhanusha

STRUCTURAL REPORT
ON

DETAIL DESIGN OF LAXMI NARAYAN DHARAMSHALA

BUILDING AT NIJGARAH, BARA

Submitted
By:
JANAKI ENGINEERING CONSULTANCY AND CONSTRUCTION PVT. LTD.

GARUDA, RAUTAHAT
 Structural Analysis and Design of Dharamshala

1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 1
2. DESCRIPTION OF THE BUILDING.................................................................................................. 3
3. MODELING, ANALYSIS AND DESIGN .......................................................................................... 6
I. Modeling .......................................................................................................................... ………6
Dead Loads ........................................................................................................................................... 6
Live loads .............................................................................................................................................. 7
Seismic Loads ....................................................................................................................................... 7
II. Analysis .......................................................................................................................................9
Load Cases ............................................................................................................................................ 9
Load Combination ................................................................................................................................ 9
III. Design .......................................................................................................................................11

SAMPLE BEAM DESIGN ....................................................................................................................... 13

SAMPLE COLUMN DESIGN .................................................................................................................. 14
SAMPLE SLAB DESIGN ........................................................................................................................ 15
STAIRCASE DESIGN ............................................................................................................................. 16
SAMPLE FOOTING DESIGN ................................................................................................................. 17
4. CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................................... 21
5. ANNEXES .......................................................................................................................................... 21
ANNEX- 1: LIST OF STRUTURAL DRAWING ............................................................................. 21
ANNEX -2: REFERENCES .............................................................................................................. 22

1
 Structural Analysis and Design of Dharamshala

1. INTRODUCTION

To make a building structurally sound, it is very important that the structural designer is consulted
before its construction. The structural engineer, then works out the structural schemes and also gives
the sizes of the structural members like beam, column, slab, etc. A building needs to be designed for
all loads acting on it. Detailed structural designs are carried out and working drawings are to be
prepared. Safety is the prime concern of the structural design. Serviceability and economy are other
basic requirements that need to be considered during structural designing. The building should be
designed not only for vertical loads but also for horizontal loads such as wind and earthquake loads.
The structural designer has to take care of the safety of the building against the loads mentioned
above. He is concerned in designing both superstructure and the substructure of the building. A
building must be strong enough to transfer all the loads acting on it safely to the ground. It should be
able to withstand all loads acting on it.

Nepal lies in an earthquake prone zone. It is located in the boundary between Indian plate and
Tibetan plate. Thus, Nepal experiences earthquakes frequently. Earthquakes are the most sudden,
dramatic and devastating natural disasters. Although they last only for few seconds to minutes, they
are the most devastating ones. Past records of the earthquake shows 18 major earthquakes have hit
Nepal till now. So, designing of building against earthquake forces apart from other forces is a must
in case of Nepal.

Designing building against earthquake forces does not mean that we are making the building proof
against it. Although, we can design such robust structure, it would be too expensive to build. It
would be far cheaper to rebuild the building again instead of making it proof against earthquake.
Hence, the buildings are made seismic resistant rather than seismic proof. According to this
philosophy, no matter how much severe earthquake occurs, the building won’t collapse although it
may be irreparably damaged. In, this background, it is ensured that this building has been designed to
withstand all the acting loads including the earthquake making it seismic resistant.

The structural design alone is not enough to ensure the safety of the building, equally important is its
construction. The role of the contractor is of paramount importance as he is the one to execute the
construction work at the site. He is required to execute the work according to the drawings supplied
by the consultant to him and detailing has to be carefully followed. A large percentage of failure of
the building is attributed to poor quality of construction. Past experiences from damages have shown
that quality of material and workmanship plays an important role in good seismic behavior of the
buildings. Hence, quality assurance in construction is expected to gain good seismic performance.

2
 Structural Analysis and Design of Dharamshala

2. DESCRIPTION OF THE BUILDING

General features:

Project: Dharmashala Building

Location: NIJGARAH , BARA

Plinth Area: 397.84sq.m

Floor Area: 397.84 sq.m. for all floors

Truss roof with UPVC covering on half of building

Architectural features:

Type of Building: Public Building

Number of Floors: 3

Height of Storey: 3.60

Total Height of the Building: 13.2

Partation and infill Brick Masonry

3
 Structural Analysis and Design of Dharamshala

Figure 1: Architectural Plan of Building

4
 Structural Analysis and Design of Dharamshala

Structural features:
Structural System: RCC Frame Structure

Foundation Type: Isolated Footing & Combined Footing

Square Columns: 400mm X 400mm

Beams: 300mm* 400mm(Ground floor),250mm*300mm

(plinth & foundation)

Slab: Two-way slab 125mm

Geotechnical Features:

Soil Type: Medium Soil

Seismic Zone: V (as per IS 1893:2002, part-1)

Assumed Allowable bearing capacity: 100 KN/m2

Material

Grade of concrete: M20 for column, beam, slab and footing.

Grade of steel: Fe 500

Unit weight of concrete = 25 kN/m3

Unit weight of the masonry wall= 19 KN/ m3

Young’s Modulus of Elasticity = 5000 √fck

Poisson’s Ratio = 0.20 for concrete and 0.3 for rebar

5
 Structural Analysis and Design of Dharamshala

3. MODELING, ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

I. Modeling
Since this is a Special Moment Resisting Frame structure, main components to be modeled are:
Beams and Columns. Slab are also modeled in frame and live load are assigned in slab whereas
staircase dead and live load are calculated and assigned in frame. The analysis software used for
modeling the structure is the SAP 2000 v 20.0.0. The model map of the building is as shown in the
figure.

Fig 1: Three-dimensional view of the building in SAP

Dead Loads

Dead loads are assumed to be produced by slab, beams, columns, walls, parapet walls, staircase, plasters and
mortars, floor finish and water tank. The weight of building materials are taken as per IS 875(Part 1)-1987).

6
 Structural Analysis and Design of Dharamshala

Specific weight of materials [Ref: IS: 875(Part 1)-1987)]

Materials Unit weight(γ)

Reinforced Concrete 25.00 KN/m³

Brick Masonry with plaster 19.00 KN/m³

Floor Finishing (Screeding & punning) 23.00 KN/m³

Cement Sand Plaster 20.40 KN/m³

Floor finishing (Marble) 26.00 KN/m³

Live loads

According to code,
Live load for public building ,
For Passage, staircase and balconies = 5 kN/m2
For Rooms and Toilets = 3 & 2 kN/m2
For terrace= 1.5 kN/m2

Seismic Loads
According to IS: 1893 (Part 1)- 2002,

Design Base Shear VB = Ah *W [7.5.3, IS: 1893 (part 1)-2002]

Where,

Ah = Design horizontal seismic coefficient as per 6.4.2 IS: 1893 (part 1)-2002]

= Z I Sa / (2 R g ) = 0.135

Z= Zone Factor = 0.36 for seismic zone V

I = Importance Factor = 1.5 (for public building)

R= Response Reduction Factor = 5 for SMRF

Sa/g= Average Response acceleration coefficient on the basis of time period, T

of the structure [Fig.2 IS: 1893 (part 1)-2002]

T. = 0.075 h^0.75 (7.6., IS: 1893 (part1)-2002].

7
 Structural Analysis and Design of Dharamshala

For moment resisting frame = 0.48seconds

h= Height of building (m) above ground level [7.6.1 IS: 1893 (part1) 2002]

W = Seismic Weight of Building, that includes total Dead load plus appropriate
amount of live load. [7.4, IS: 1893 (part1)-2002].

 Percentage of live load to be taken for calculating seismic weight =25% for
live load intensity upto and including 3.0 KN/m2 and 50% for live load
intensity above 3.0 KN/m2.[Table 8, IS: 1893 (part1)-2002].

 The live load on roof need not be considered for calculating the seismic
weight of the building. [7.3.2 IS: 1893 (part1)-2002].

For the purpose of analysis, seismic forces are applied in the model of the building in SAP. Hence, the manual
calculations of seismic weight, base shear and the seismic forces have not been shown. However, the SAP
output for the Seismic Weight, Base Shear and Seismic Forces in each storey diaphragm are as shown in the
figures.

Seismic Weight and Base Shear

TABLE: Auto Seismic - IS1893:2002

Percent Weight BaseShear
Load Dir Ecc T (sec) Z SoilType I R CoeffUsed (KN) (KN)
Pro. 4248.323 485
EQX X 0.05 Calc. 0.36 II 1.5 5 0.114
Pro. 4248.323
EQY Y 0.05 Calc. 0.36 II 1.5 5 0.129 548.481

Earthquake force in each storey

Table: Auto Seismic Loads To Horizontal Diaphragms, Part 1 of 2

Table: Auto Seismic Loads To Horizontal Diaphragms, Part 1 of 2
LoadPat AutoLdType Diaphragm DiaphragmZ FX FY FZ MX
m KN KN KN KN-m
EQX IS 1893- DIAPH4 14 11.409 0 0 0
2016
EQX IS 1893- DIAPH3 10.8 30.502 0 0 0
2016
EQX IS 1893- DIAPH2 7.2 21.428 0 0 0
2016
EQX IS 1893- DIAPH1 3.6 5.353 0 0 0
2016
EQY IS 1893- DIAPH4 14 0 12.903 0 0
2016
EQY IS 1893- DIAPH3 10.8 0 34.494 0 -6.127E-14
2016
EQY IS 1893- DIAPH2 7.2 0 24.233 0 2.152E-14
2016
EQY IS 1893- DIAPH1 3.6 0 6.054 0 2.688E-15
2016
8
 Structural Analysis and Design of Dharamshala

Table: Auto Seismic Loads To Horizontal Diaphragms, Part 2 of 2

Table: Auto Seismic Loads To Horizontal Diaphragms, Part 2 of 2
LoadPat Diaphragm DiaphragmZ MY MZ X Y Z
m KN-m KN-m m m m
EQX DIAPH4 14 0 -3.3087 6.8175 9.1 14
EQX DIAPH3 10.8 5.418E-14 -27.7569 4.545 9.1 10.8
EQX DIAPH2 7.2 -1.903E-14 -19.5664 4.545 9.1 7.2
EQX DIAPH1 3.6 -2.377E-15 -4.8713 4.545 9.1 3.6
EQY DIAPH4 14 0 2.9321 6.8175 9.1 14
EQY DIAPH3 10.8 0 59.5141 4.545 9.1 10.8
EQY DIAPH2 7.2 0 39.1562 4.545 9.1 7.2
EQY DIAPH1 3.6 0 9.7949 4.545 9.1 3.6

9
 Structural Analysis and Design of Dharamshala

Wind load Parameters

This section describes the seismic parameters taken for analysis of the building.
Basic wind speed:

Basic wind speed is taken as per IS 875(Part-3):1975. For the consider area is taken as 47 m/s.
which is modified to design speed with various factor considering risk co-efficient, terrain
and topography factor .
Considering low degree of hazard buildings and mean probable design life of structure in 50
years, factor for basic wind speed K1 = 1.08 (Cl.5.3.1)
Considering open terrain with well scattered obstructions and building having height between
1.5 m to 10 m, terrain categorized as 2. Building size is less than 20 m. Terrain, height and
structure height factor K2 is obtained as 1. (Cl. 5.3.2.2)
Considering topography angle upto 3 degree, topography factor K3 is taken as 1. (IS 875 part -
3, Appendix C.

Overall Design Procedure

Analysis and design of the structure is performed according to the following steps for each
structural system.
1) Structural system/concept is developed for each structural system. Used the basic
structural systems described in Table 1.1 as a guideline.
2) Created the finite element model with varying complexity and refinement suitable for
developing and understanding the response. Carried out different types of analysis to
determine the wind pressure and self load.
3) Designed the structural components to remain elastic under gravity and wind loads
under basic wind speed 47 m/s, as appropriate. Design is carried out in accordance
with the relevant provisions of the latest national building code and Indian standard
provisions.
4) If the global building and local component responses meet the acceptance criteria,
structural design drawings is prepared. The final construction drawings are to be
verified by the third party engineer as needed.

The structural elements of reinforced concrete are designed to Limit State Theory, while the
structural steel elements are designed to the Permissible / Working Stress Theory if require. The
major structural elements are automatically designed by the feature included in the program to IS
456 and IS 800 for reinforced concrete structures and structural steel elements respectively, while
the certain design calculations for those not properly figured due to the limitation of program are
manually carried out in accordance with the relevant latest standards. The following matrix shows
general architectural configuration and geotechnical investigation information.:Basic Materials

10
 Structural Analysis and Design of Dharamshala

Steel Pipe
The Section of truss size of was determined considering the steel strength of Fe250 KN/m 2.
Pipe section considered for design is Hipco pipes of Nominal Bore of type Medium.

Steel pipes
For the analysis Hipco pipes are consider for analysis of section medium nominal bore of
selected section:Loads

Gravity Load
Self-weight of the structure is considered as dead load and finishes and partitions are
considered as superimposed dead load. Live load is determined in accordance with occupancy
or use. The following loads are in addition to the self-weight of the structure. The minimum
loading requirements are taken from IS 875 (Part 2)-1987.
Table1 : Live Load, Superimposed Dead Load

Occupancy or Use Load Amplitude Load Type

In-accessible Roof 0.75KN/m2 Live Load
Superimposed
CGI roof load 0.15 KN/m3
Load

Load Combinations
Combinations analysis.
Limit State Method design load combinations used in code-based design are shown in the
following table.
Table 2: Limit State Load Combinations used in Code-based Design (IS)

No. Load Combination

1 1.4(DL+LL)
2,3 1.2(DL+LL)±WL
4,5 0.9(DL+LL)±WL
6,7 DL+LL ± WL
where: DL = Dead load
LL = Live load
WL = Wind load
Live load at roof level is not included in the seismic weight calculations .

11
 Structural Analysis and Design of Dharamshala

Analysis Procedures
Code Based Design
Analysis procedure of the code based design was shown in the table below.
Table 3: Analysis Procedures for Code Base Design

Load Case Analysis Procedures

Gravity load Linear Static
Wind load Linear Static
Live Load Linear Static

Analysis Results
The analysis results for the building are in relevant section.

Post and steel section

The design of post and steel members including rafter and purling are calculated manually.
However, two-dimension truss is designed as using FEM model.

Wind presure
Wind pressure is calculated per area and applied to truss model as two dimensions in
horizontal and vertical direction.

wind angle 0 90
Force wind lee wind lee
Cpe -0.5 -0.7 -0.6 -0.8

Assuming building to be in medium permeablility

Cpi ± 0.5
(Cpe-Cpi) -1.3
(Cpe+Cpi) -0.2
Max Wind load intiensity (Cpe±Cpi) Pz = -2009.73 N/m2

Design was carried out for the building for which steel structural with truss is adopted. Design
for truss is checked as per IS 800 and wind load is consider as per IS 875 (Part III). Purling of
ISNB65 (M) and 24# CGI is taken for roofing.
The footings were checked for isolated, and combined as required. Foundation design is
carried out considering soil bearing capacity of 100 kN/m 2. This building was designed on the
12
 Structural Analysis and Design of Dharamshala

basis of IS 1893 (part-1):2002. The proposed design satisfies the key requirement of the
building codes.
The detail structural drawings of all elements are in separate volume of drawing .
II. Analysis
The loads calculated are applied in the modeled building. Besides from the dead and live loads, the
probable seismic loads are also taken care of as Nepal is categorized amongst seismically active
zones. Moreover the building itself carries high importance and the seismic force consideration is of
upmost priority. The building is 2 storied and the static analysis is enough to ensure its safety against
earthquake but the dynamic analysis is also carried out and checked in some respect considering the
maximum safety requirement in this type of building. Through consideration is given in analysis and
design of the building following standard theories of structures and relevant codes of practice.

A three dimensional linear static analysis has been carried out using the standard software SAP2000 V20.0.0

The Structure is assumed to be fixed at the Plinth level. The brick wall is considered as the filler wall only.
The beams are modeled as rectangular beams. The flange effect of the beams has been neglected. Center to
center dimension of the structure has been considered in the analysis. The rigid end effect has also been
considered in the analysis.

Following load cases and combinations were used for the analysis of the structural components of the
building.

Load Cases
Following loads have been considered in the analysis of the building as per IS 456-2000 and IS1893-
2002.

1. Dead Load (DL)

2. Live load (LL)
3. Response Spectrum in +ve X-direction
4. Response Spectrum in –ve X-direction
5. Response Spectrum in +ve Y-direction
6. Response Spectrum in –ve Y-direction

Load Combination
Following load combinations have been adopted as per IS 1893:2002.

 1.5 (DL + LL )
 1.2(DL + LL ± RSP)
 0.9DL ± 1.5RSP
 1.5(DL ± RSP)

Design Assumptions
Concrete Grade, M20 fck = 20MPa for column and landing beam
Concrete Grade, M20 fck = 20 MPa for other member
Steel Grade, Fe 500 fy = 500 MPa for all
13
 Structural Analysis and Design of Dharamshala

The concrete has been designed using limit state method based on IS 456 –2000. The detailing of
reinforcement has been based on IS 13920 –1993 and where required Uniform Building Code of
USA has been also referred to for detailing of reinforcement.
 The design has been based on the most critical load combination mentioned
above.

Analysis of moments and shear forces

The moments and shear forces of the buildings were analyzed using the SAP. In a building with
staircase, the most critical sections are found to lie around these components. The moment diagrams
and shear force diagram samples of the sections around these critical components, as extracted from
SAP are as follows.

Fig: Bending Moment diagram at a typical section

14
 Structural Analysis and Design of Dharamshala

Fig: Shear force diagram at a typical section

15
 Structural Analysis and Design of Dharamshala

Drift
calculation
combination:- Envelope(max, min)
storey drift Storey Drift ratio
floor level U1(m) U2(m) D1(m) D2(m) Height(m) DR1 DR2
3rd 0.0334 0.0295 3.6
2nd 0.0294 0.0259 0.004 0.0036 3.6 0.0011 0.001

1st 0.0213 0.0185 0.0081 0.0074 3.6 0.00225 0.0020

ground floor 0.0097 0.00261 0.0116 0.016 3.6 0.00322 0.0044

The drift ratios are below the limited value. Storey drifts are within 0.4% the storey height for
earthquake in both directions, hence within the safe limits.
The analysis of the critical section has been followed by the calculation of the reinforcement required
to withstand the stresses developed.

III. Design

The design of the members has been done as per philosophy of limit state method. For the design of
the members IS 456:2000 and design aid SP 16 has been used extensively.

Footings have been checked for vertical loads and moments developed at the base due to dead load
and live load only. Square footings have been adopted from seismic point of view that reversal stress
may occur. And footing beams are provided for column at foundation for more rigidity of building
and also need for the column located at boundary. Longitudinal reinforcement in columns has been
calculated based on critical load combination among the five load combinations. A symmetric
arrangement of the reinforcement has been adopted from seismic point of view that reversal stress
may occur. Longitudinal reinforcement in beams is also based on critical load combination. It is
calculated from the envelope of bending moment diagram. Spacing of the shear reinforcement has
been calculated as per the ductility criteria as defined in IS 13920 - 1993.

Output for sample of critical beams and columns after SAP analysis are:

16
 Structural Analysis and Design of Dharamshala

Max. area of steel in

beam

Fig. Sample of area of steel required (output from SAP)

17
 Structural Analysis and Design of Dharamshala

Max. area of steel required

in column

Fig. Sample of area of steel required (output from SAP)

18
 Structural Analysis and Design of Dharamshala

Sample beam design output from SAP

19
 Structural Analysis and Design of Dharamshala

Sample column design output from SAP

20
 Structural Analysis and Design of Dharamshala

3D Modelling of Roof Truss

Design Section of Truss Member From Etab

21
 Structural Analysis and Design of Dharamshala
DESIGN OF SLAB
Project Name:
Basic Information
Type of Slab: Interior Panel
Basic Dimensions of Slab: Lx 3.1 m
Ly 4.545 m OK
Basic Ly/Lx Ratio: 1.467
Hence the slab is designed as two way
2
Select Grade of Concrete (f ck): 20 N/mm
Select Grade of Rebar (f y): 500 N/mm2
Select Diameter of Bar (φ): 8 mm
Clear Cover to Reinforcement: 20 mm
Effective Cover (d'): 24 mm
Provide Overall Depth of Slab (D): 125 mm
Effective Depth of Slab (d x): 101 mm
Effective Depth of Slab (d y): 93 mm
Load Calculation
Self Weight of the Slab: 3.125 KN/m2
2
Floor/Roof Finish: 1.2 KN/m
Live Load: 4 KN/m2
Load due to Partition Wall: 1 KN/m2
2
Total Load (Unfactored, W): 9.325 KN/m
2
Total Load (Factored, Wu): 13.988 KN/m
Moment and Area of Steel Calculation
Ast Min Ast Dia of Ast
Moment Mu Mu/bd2 Pt 2 Spacing
Span 2
Reqd. mm Bar(ɸ) Provided
Coefficient KN-m N/mm % 2 mm
mm mm mm2
-ve
αx 0.088 11.829 1.1596 0.287 289.47 150 8 150 334.94
Shorter +ve
αx 0.088 11.829 1.1596 0.287 289.47 150 8 150 334.94
-ve
αy 0.056 7.5275 0.8703 0.211 196.05 150 8 150 334.94
Longer +ve
αy 0.056 7.5275 0.8703 0.211 196.05 150 8 150 334.94
Check for Deflection
Basic Value of Span to Effective Depth Ratio: 23
Steel Stress of Service Load (fs): 250.63 N/mm2
Tension Reinforcement Percent (Ast %): 0.332 %
Tension Reinforcement Modification Factor: 1.365
Permissible Lx/d: 31.395
Adopted Lx/d: 30.693
Hence safe for deflection
Check for Shear
Maximum Shear Force (Vu) 21.681 KN
2
Nominal Shear Stress (Ʈv) 0.2331 N/mm
Ast Percentage (Pt %) 0.3602 %
Shear Strength of M 20 Concrete (Ʈc) 0.4129
Shear Strength in Slabs ( Ʈc') = k*Ʈc where k = 1.3
Ʈc' = 0.5367 Hence safe in shear 22
 Structural Analysis and Design of Dharamshala

Staircase Design

DESIGN OF STAIRCASE
NAME OF PROJECT: Dharmashala

1 GENERAL INFORMATION
Staircase type Open-well
2
fy 500.00 N/mm
2
fck 20.00 N/mm
Cover 15.00 mm
Diameter of main bars 12.00 mm
Diameter of distribution bars 10.00 mm
Tread 0.300 m
Rise 0.150 m
Thickness of waist slab 0.150 m
Width of slab 1.500 m
Width of landing 1.500 m
Thickness of landing slab 0.150 m
Span of landing 1 1.000 m
Span of flight 2.100 m
Span of landing 2 1.000 m
Total Span 4.100 m

2 LOAD CALCULATION

2.1 LOAD ON WAIST SLAB

Area of slab 0.050 m2
Area of step 0.023 m2
Total area 0.073 m2
DL per m 1.820 KN/m
2
DL 6.068 KN/m
FF 1.200 KN/m2
LL 4.000 KN/m2
Total load per m square 11.268 KN/m2
Factored load 16.901 KN/m2
Load per meter 25.352 KN/m

2.2 LOAD ON LANDING

Self weight of slab 3.75 KN/m2
FF 1.20 KN/m2
LL 4.00 KN/m2
2
load per meter square 8.95 KN/m
Factored load 13.43 KN/m2
load per meter 20.14 KN/m
 Structural Analysis and Design of Dharamshala

3 CALCULATION OF MOMENTS
25.35
20.14 20.14

1.000 2.10 1.000

R1 R2
From manual calculation, we have ;
R1= 46.76 KN
R2 = 46.76 KN
The point of zero shear force is obtained at x = 2.05 m from left support
Mmax. = 50.66 KNm

4 DEPTH
Effective depth from moment
0.113 m
consideration
Overall depth provided 0.150 m
Effective depth 0.129 m

5 CALCULATION OF MAIN STEEL

2
Ast 1043.56 mm
Diameter of steel 12.00 mm
2
Area of each steel 113.10 mm
Spacing required 162.57 mm
Spacing provided 150.00 mm
2
Actual steel 1130.97 mm

6 CALCULATION OF DISTRIBUTION STEEL

2
Ast 270.00 mm
Diameter of steel 10.00 mm
2
Area of each steel 78.54 mm
Spacing required 436.33 mm
Spacing provided 150.00 mm
2
Actual steel 785.40 mm

7 CHECK FOR SHEAR

Vu 46.76 KN
2
Ꚍv 0.24 N/mm
Pt 0.58 %
2
Ꚍc 0.508 N/mm
2
Ꚍ'c=k*Ꚍc 0.6604 N/mm
Check Safe in shear
 Structural Analysis and Design of Dharamshala

8 CHECK FOR DEVELOPMENT LENGTH

Ld in terms of Ø 56.64
M1 54.91 KNm
V 46.76 KN
Lo(ancorage required) 129.00 mm
Ld 1303.32 mm
Ø< 23.01 mm
Result Safe

9 DEFLECTION CHECK
Length (L) (m) 4.100
Breadth (b) (mm) 1500
Depth (D) (mm) 150
d (mm) 129.00
2
fck (N/mm ) 20.00
2
fy (N/mm ) 500.00
Moment (M) KNm 50.664
2
Ast(reqd) mm 1043.558
2
Ast(prov) mm 1130.973
Ast % (Pt) 0.58
2
Service stress (fs) N/mm 267.586
α 32
β 1.2
γ 1.063
δ 1
λ 1
Permissible L/d = αβγδλ 40.819
Required depth(d) 100.443
Actual L/d 31.783
Check ok
Design of isolated square footing F1 Structural Analysis and Design of Dharamshala
Here b d
Fck= 20 N/mm2 colmsize= 350 * 450 mm
fy= 500 N/mm2
safe bearing capacity of soil = 100 kN/m2
depth of footing = 1.5
Axial load = 266.66667 kn
Total weight on soil= 293.3333 kn
area of footing required = 2.933333 m2 =
Required length and breath 1.71 * 1.71 footing
provided footing size = 1.8 * 1.8
thus provided area = 3.24 m2
The net earth pressure acting upward due to factored load is
Pu= 124 kN/m2
0.13 N/sq.mm
where 1.5 is partial safety factor
Shear in one way action
the critical section is taken as distance d away from the face of column
l 0.725
Now effective depth required is MM 229.88
D depth MM 450 Depth is increased to provide sloped footing
d effective depth MM 382 (L)
Check for sloped part
Provide full depth of the footing slab upto distance of 6'' from the face of column and edge thickness of 250mm
Check for Bending Moment
Bending moment about an axis x-x passing through the face of column
= 58.66 knm

Now effective depth required is

BM
d =
0.138 * fck * b

= 108.67 mm OK

Now area of tension steel is given by

Area of reinforcement (Ast)

BM= fyAst
0.87 fyAst * (d  )
fck  b
where ,
Bm = 58.66 knm
fy = 500
d= 382
fck = 20 a= 6.041667
b= 1.8 m b -166170

2
by solving Ast = 358 mm
minimum reinforcement Ast= 825.12 mm2
design Ast= 825.12
Shear in two way action
The critical section is taken at a d/2 distance away from the face of the column
A2= 0.347
Now shear force Vu=
124[3.24-0.346781]
= 358.75916 kn
Nominal shear stress(τv) =
0.3972758 N/mm2
shear strength of M 20 concrete
τ'c = ks *τc

ks= 0.5+ βc
βc = longer side of column/shorter side of column = 1
ks= 0.5+1 ks≤1
= 1.5
thus Ks = 1

thus τ'c =τc = 0 . 25 fck

1.118034
since nominal shear strength is less than shear shrenght of concrete the design is safe in two way shear

Load transfer from column to footing

Nominal bearing stress in column = 1.5*266.666666666667*1000/(350*450)
2
= 2.539683 N/mm

Allowable bearing stress = 0.45*√fck

= 9 N/mm2
now Excess load = -1017500 N

2
Area of steel required As = -3037.31 mm
Minimum Ast=0.5% of column area = 787.5 mm2
thus no additional dowel bars are required to tranfer load
additional Ast = No dowel bars are needed
 Structural Analysis and Design of Dharamshala

Design of isolated square footing F2

Here b d
Fck= 20 N/mm2 colmsize= 350 * 450 mm
fy= 500 N/mm2
safe bearing capacity of soil = 100 kN/m2
depth of footing = 1.5
Axial load = 470.66667 kn
Total weight on soil= 517.7333 kn
area of footing required = 5.177333 m2 =
Required length and breath 2.28 * 2.28 footing
provided footing size = 2.3 * 2.3
thus provided area = 5.29 m2
The net earth pressure acting upward due to factored load is
Pu= 134 kN/m2
0.14 N/sq.mm
where 1.5 is partial safety factor
Shear in one way action
the critical section is taken as distance d away from the face of column
l 0.925
Now effective depth required is MM 308.33
D depth MM 450 Depth is increased to provide sloped footing
d effective depth MM 382 (L)
Check for sloped part
Provide full depth of the footing slab upto distance of 6'' from the face of column and edge thickness of 250mm
Check for Bending Moment
Bending moment about an axis x-x passing through the face of column
= 131.85 knm

Now effective depth required is

BM
d =
0.138 * fck * b

= 144.13 mm OK

Now area of tension steel is given by

Area of reinforcement (Ast)

BM= fyAst
0.87 fyAst * (d  )
fck  b
where ,
Bm = 131.85 knm
fy = 500
d= 382
fck = 20 a= 4.728261
b= 2.3 m b -166170

by solving Ast = 813 mm2

minimum reinforcement Ast= 1054.32 mm2
design Ast= 1054.32
Shear in two way action
The critical section is taken at a d/2 distance away from the face of the column
A2= 0.347
Now shear force Vu=
134[5.29-0.346781]
= 662.39135 kn
Nominal shear stress(τv) =
0.7335062 N/mm2
shear strength of M 20 concrete
τ'c = ks *τc

ks= 0.5+ βc
βc = longer side of column/shorter side of column = 1
ks= 0.5+1 ks≤1
21
= 1.5
thus Ks = 1

thus τ'c =τc = 0 . 25 fck

1.118034
since nominal shear strength is less than shear shrenght of concrete the design is safe in two way shear
 Structural Analysis and Design of Dharamshala

4. CONCLUSION

After the analysis of the building components, the building is found to be safe against the loads considered
above. The Axial force, moment, Shear force and torsional forces are checked at different sections of the
beams and columns using SAP. All the sections are found to be stressed within the permissible limits due to
axial, shear, flexural and torsional forces produced due to above forces. The slab and foundations were
checked manually. The depth of slab which is is safe against the deflection and shear and the reinforcement
provided are sufficient to counter the flexural forces as well. The foundation was checked against one way
shear, two way shear and bending moments. The footings provided as per the drawing are safe and the
reinforcement provided is sufficient. The structural safety would further depend upon the effectiveness of
construction procedures as well as collapse and serviceability criteria followed during the construction
phases.
To make the Building earthquake resistant, the building is designed following the Indian standard codes.
Column design is verified so that Moment capacity of the columns remains higher than the adjacent beams.
Therefore, the design philosophy adopted is Strong column and weak beam. Shear stirrups is sufficiently
provided so that none of the elements are Vulnerable to shear failure and failure mode will be flexural,
which is more ductile. Bearing capacity of the soil is assumed to be 100 KN/M2. Isolated footings provided as
shown in the drawings are sufficient to bear the building loads to prevent any possible settlement. Durable
M20 concrete has been used in the foundation which is in contact with the soil. M25 grade of concrete is
used for Columns, and M20 is used for Beams and slabs. Ductile detailing has been extensively adopted
following IS 13920.

5. ANNEXES

ANNEX- 1: LIST OF STRUTURAL DRAWING

1. Typical beam column layout

2. Beam reinforcement details
3. Slab reinforcement details
4. Column reinforcement details
5. Footing reinforcement details
6. Beam column joint details
7. Staircase reinforcement details
8. Details of reinforcement for other structural and non structural components

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 Structural Analysis and Design of Dharamshala

ANNEX -2: REFERENCES

IS: 456 – 2000 Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete

IS: 875 (Parts 1-5) Code of practice for design loads (other than earthquake) for buildings and
structures (second revision)

Part 1 – Dead loads

Part 2 – Imposed loads

NBC 105: 1994 Seismic Design of Buildings in Nepal

IS: 1893 – 2002 Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures

IS: 13920 - 1993 Ductile Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structures subjected to Seismic forces -
Code of Practice

SP: 16 – 1980 Design Aids for Reinforced Concrete to IS: 456 – 1978

SP: 34 – 1987 Handbook on Concrete Reinforcement Detailing

Jain, A.K. Reinforced Concrete, Limit State Design, fifth edition, Nem Chand and Bros,
Rookie, 1999

Sinha, S. N. Reinforced Concrete Design, Second edition, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing
Company Ltd, New Delhi, 1996

Reinforced Concrete Design, Second edition, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing

Pillai,U.C. and

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