Republic of the Philippines

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

Pablo Borbon Main Campus II

Alangilan, Batangas

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

In CE418 – Transportation Engineering

A TRAFFIC VOLUME STUDY AT P. BURGOS – D. SILANG INTERSECTION

SUBMITTED BY:

Briones, John Mathew

Cantal, Jonna

Dela Cerna, Kate

Ferrer, Francis Gabriel

Valdez, Derly

CE 4201

SUBMITTED TO:

ENGR. HONORATA L. DE GUZMAN

MAY 2019
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to express our deepest thanks to our Almighty God who gave us strength and faith
to finish this study. We also convey our sincere gratitude to our subject instructor, Engr. Honorata
L. De Guzman because without her direction and proper guidance this study would have been a
little success. To our parents who always understand and never get tired to support us especially
in financial matter, thank you. To our group mates, classmates and friends who help us for the
success of this study we truly appreciate your goodness, thank you.

i
 DEDICATION

This paper is dedicated wholeheartedly for the Almighty God, for the guidance, strength,
power of mind, protection, skills and for giving a healthy life to finish this study. Also, this paper
is dedicated for our beloved parents, who have been the sources of inspiration. To all the people
who help us to accomplish this paper this is all for you. This case study will also serve as a guide
and basis for the next related study.

ii
ABSTRACT (Valdez)

iii
 CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

1.1 Introduction (Briones)

Traffic management is the organisation, arrangement, guidance and control of both

stationary and moving traffic, including pedestrians, bicyclists and all types of vehicles. Its aim is

to provide for the safe, orderly and efficient movement of persons and goods, and to protect and,

where possible, enhance the quality of the local environment on and adjacent to traffic facilities.

Due to the growing population within the urban areas, the implementation of traditional

traffic management control may not be enough to counteract the growing demand for road capacity

and the increasing possibility of serious traffic congestions within the city. Most of these

population within the city has private cars for each individual. However, the possibility of road

widening within the city proper is almost impossible due to the multiple high-rise buildings along

the roads of the city. Intersections is crowded with vehicles during peak hours and the installed

traffic lights within the intersection almost cannot cope up with the demand of the motorist passing

it.

This purpose of the study is to assess the condition of the intersection of P. Burgos Street

and D. Silang St., Batangas City. Particularly measuring the volume and capacity of the

intersection during peak hours and identifying the problems that causes the traffic.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

This study aims to know the traffic conditions at the P. Burgos cor. D. Silang St. located at
Batangas City. Particularly, the problem that contributes to the traffic conditions arises from the
following factors:

1. Malfunctioning of traffic lights;

2. Undisciplined drivers;
3. Undisciplined pedestrians;

1.3 Main Objectives (Ferrer)

The main objective of the study is to determine the traffic volume that will serve as a
factor in deciding and planning the improvement and expansion of alternate road

1.4 Specific Objectives (Ferrer)

1. To determine present condition of the intersection.

2. To be able to know the cause of the delay.
3. To be able to formulate solutions to reduce the problem.

1.5 Plan of Action

In planning of both road maintenance and improvement policies, accurate information of

traffic on the roads is vital. The researchers are conducting a traffic volume study because it will
help them in deciding and planning for improvement and expansion in terms of construction of
alternative road etc.

In order to improve the roadway operating condition, it is important to know the traffic
volume to examine the existing operating condition of a roadway section. It can also use to check
the need for traffic control devices and to determine of improvement measure need to be taken.

1.6 Management Plan (Kate)

1.7 Limitations

1. The major limitation of this volume study was the survey was conducted for 1 hour,
whereas for proper results the survey should be conducted for at least 8 hours
2. Number of surveyors are four to five person per group to collect the data. There were
a limited number of enumerators, so there was possibility of error
3. We collected data for representative portion of traffic stream. However if it was
possible to collect data for each and every type of vehicle then a better result could
have been presented
 2

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 General:

Traffic volume studies are conducted to determine the number, movements, and classifications of
roadway vehicles at a given location. These data can help identify critical flow time periods,
determine the influence of large vehicles or pedestrians on vehicular traffic flow, or document
traffic volume trends. The traffic engineer must acquire general knowledge of traffic volume
characteristics in order to measure and understand the magnitude, composition and time and
route distribution of volume for each area under his jurisdiction.

2.2 Previous work connected on Traffic Volume Study

(Students of BatstateU for their Assessment of Three- Leg Intersection at Banay-Banay , Lipa
city)Their recommendation to improve the conventional design practice of the three- leg
intersection at Banay- Banay City:

For proper improvement of the intersection, the researchers proposed a signalized

intersection which comprises: traffic markings, installation of traffic signals, placing off traffic
signs such as directional and regulatory signage and provides a zoning area for loading and
unloading of vehicles.
 3

CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

We have used the manual counting method in conducting this study. Manual counts are typically
used to gather data for determination of vehicle classification, turning movements, direction of
travel, pedestrian movements, or vehicle occupancy. It is not practicable to have manual count
for all the 24 hours of the day. The count period should be representative of the time of day, day
of month, and month of year for the study area. It should avoid special event or compromising
weather conditions. Count period may range from 5 minutes to 1 year. Typical counting periods
are 15 minutes or 2 hours for peak periods, 4 hours for morning and afternoon peaks, 6 hours for
morning, midday, and afternoon peaks, and 12 hours for daytime periods.
There are two methods of manual counting:
i.) Direct Method
Data is counted by using hand tally and manual counters/ enumerators. In this method traffic
volume as well as vehicle classification and turning proportions can be obtained. Data can be use
immediately after collection. On the other hand, this not practicable for long duration count and
when flow is high, count can’t be cross checked.
ii.) Indirect Method
Data is collected using video camera. Video is captured for long time and data is collected later
by rewinding.
 4
CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
PRESENT INVESTIGATION

1.1 Study Location

Traffic Study Done at a Small Intersection of Traffic at P.Burgos – D. Silang Intersection,

Poblacion, Batangas City

● Date : April 29, 2019

● Counting Period : 8 hours
● Weather Condition : Sunny day
● Survey Location :Poblacion, Batangas City (where Jollibee and Max’s Restaurant
are located)
● Observation : Classified Vehicle Counts
● Method : Manual Method
● Duration : 1 hour interval
● Equipment’s : Data Sheet and Cellular phone as stop watch

1.2 Study Method

We have used Manual direct method for this Traffic Volume Study. This method
employs a field team to record traffic volume on the prescribed record sheets. Data can record
with tick mark on a pre-prepared field form. A stopwatch is necessary to measures desired count
interval.
 5

1.3 CLASSIFIED TRAFFIC VOLUME COUNT

WEEKDAYS- MONDAY 29/04/2019

Along P. Burgos Street

Number of Vehicles
Time of Interval Bicycle Motorcycle Car/ Private Pedicab Tricycle TOTAL
Type Jeep
A.M. 6:00 – 7:00 40 356 435 0 1 832
7:00 – 8:00 0 476 707 0 0 1183
8:00 – 9:00 6 415 738 0 0 1159
9:00 – 10:00 23 416 587 0 1 1027
P.M. 2:00 – 3:00 17 323 537 1 0 878
3:00 – 4:00 13 295 601 2 0 911
4:00 – 5:00 21 351 473 0 0 845
5:00 – 6:00 15 309 569 3 0 896
TOTAL 135 2941 4647 6 2 7731

TRAFFIC COUNT VOLUME (WEEKDAYS- MONDAY)

Bicycle

Motorcycle

Car/ Private Type

NO. OF VEHICLES

Jeep

Pedicab

Tricycle

TIME OF INTERVAL
 6

Number of Vehicles
Time of Interval Jeepney Multicab Vans Standard School/ Company/ TOTAL
& Rusco Bus Tourist Service
A.M. 6:00 – 7:00 247 17 33 0 4 301
7:00 – 8:00 254 26 43 0 0 323
8:00 – 9:00 243 35 40 0 0 318
9:00 – 10:00 245 26 37 0 0 308
P.M. 2:00 – 3:00 163 39 36 0 2 240
3:00 – 4:00 170 38 47 0 3 258
4:00 – 5:00 156 39 24 0 0 219
5:00 – 6:00 167 36 42 0 3 248
TOTAL 1645 256 302 0 12 2215

TRAFFIC COUNT VOLUME (WEEKDAYS- MONDAY)

Jeepney

Multicab&Rus
NO. OF VEHICLES

co
Vans

Standard Bus

School/
TIME OF INTERVAL Company/
Tourist Service
 7

Number of Vehicles
Time of Interval Delivery Trucks Trailers Others Pedestrian TOTAL
vehicles
A.M. 6:00 – 7:00 0 2 0 5 91 98
7:00 – 8:00 0 4 0 8 70 82
8:00 – 9:00 0 2 0 10 56 68
9:00 – 10:00 0 3 0 9 74 86
P.M. 2:00 – 3:00 9 2 0 9 42 62
3:00 – 4:00 13 2 0 10 54 79
4:00 – 5:00 5 1 0 11 30 47
5:00 – 6:00 11 3 0 8 48 70
TOTAL 38 19 0 70 465 592

TRAFFIC COUNT VOLUME (WEEKDAYS- MONDAY)

Delivery
vehicles
NO. OF VEHICLES

Trucks

Trailers

Others

TIME OF INTERVAL Pedestrian

 8

Along D. Silang Street

Number of Vehicles
Time of Interval Bicycle Motorcycle Car/ Private Pedicab Tricycle TOTAL
Type Jeep
A.M. 6:00 – 7:00 16 150 171 0 0 337
7:00 – 8:00 24 181 235 4 0 444
8:00 – 9:00 11 169 244 1 0 425
9:00 – 10:00 18 166 415 2 0 601
P.M. 2:00 – 3:00 9 238 267 0 0 514
3:00 – 4:00 4 198 237 0 0 439
4:00 – 5:00 16 278 297 0 0 591
5:00 – 6:00 13 258 282 0 0 553
TOTAL 82 1638 2148 7 0 3904

TRAFFIC COUNT VOLUME (WEEKDAYS- MONDAY)

Bicycle

Motorcycle
NO. OF VEHICLES

Car/ Private
Type Jeep
Pedicab

Tricycle

TIME OF INTERVAL
 9

Number of Vehicles
Time of Interval Jeepney Multicab Vans Standard School/ Company/ TOTAL
Bus Tourist Service
A.M. 6:00 – 7:00 165 9 14 0 0 188
7:00 – 8:00 221 14 17 0 1 253
8:00 – 9:00 190 16 22 0 0 228
9:00 – 10:00 193 13 18 0 0 224
P.M. 2:00 – 3:00 236 43 41 0 17 337
3:00 – 4:00 224 56 40 0 19 339
4:00 – 5:00 247 30 39 0 15 331
5:00 – 6:00 242 37 40 0 16 335
TOTAL 1718 218 231 0 68 2235

TRAFFIC COUNT VOLUME (WEEKDAYS- MONDAY)

Jeepney

Multicab&Rus
NO. OF VEHICLES

co
Vans

Standard Bus

School/
TIME OF INTERVAL Company/
Tourist Service
 10

Number of Vehicles
Time of Interval Delivery Trucks Trailers Others Pedestrian TOTAL
vehicles
A.M. 6:00 – 7:00 3 3 0 0 36 42
7:00 – 8:00 6 5 0 0 99 110
8:00 – 9:00 11 15 0 7 151 184
9:00 – 10:00 7 9 0 5 94 115
P.M. 2:00 – 3:00 32 11 0 4 185 232
3:00 – 4:00 100 14 0 5 161 280
4:00 – 5:00 64 8 1 3 208 284
5:00 – 6:00 73 10 0 4 197 284
TOTAL 296 75 1 28 1131 1531

TRAFFIC COUNT VOLUME (WEEKDAYS- MONDAY)

Delivery
vehicles
NO. OF VEHICLES

Trucks

Trailers

Others

TIME OF INTERVAL Pedestrian

PCU CALCULATIONS

1.7 Suggested PCU Values For Urban Roads

No. Vehicle classes Equivalency Factor

1 Bicycle 0.50

2 Motorcycle 0.50

3 Car 1.00

4 Pedicab 0.50
 11

5 Tricycle 0.50

6 Jeepney 1.00

7 Multicab 1.00

8 Van 1.00

9 Standard Bus 3.00

10 School/ Company/ Tourist Service 1.00

11 Delivery vehicles 1.00

12 Trucks 3.00

13 Trailers 3.00

WEEKDAY- MONDAY 29/04/2019 6:00 AM to 10:00 AM – 2:00 PM to 6:00 PM

No. Type of No. of Equivalency PCU/ 8 hours Remarks

Vehicle Vehicles factor
1 Bicycle 82 0.50 41
2 Motorcycle 1638 0.50 819
3 Car 2148 1.00 2148
4 Pedicab 7 0.50 3.5
5 Tricycle 0 0.50 0
6 Jeepney 1718 1.00 1718
7 Multicab 218 1.00 218
8 Van 231 1.00 231
9 Standard bus 0 3.00 0
10 Service 68 1.00 68
11 Delivery 296 1.00 296
12 Truck 75 3.00 225
13 Trailer 1 4.50 4.5
Total= 5772 PCU/ 8 hours
 12
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 General

This chapter discusses on the results obtained from the analysis and their importance. This report
presented all possible analysis by the data collected from field survey.

5.2 Discussion on Vehicle Composition:

● Private vehicles (car, motorcylce,van etc) occupied about 62% of the total vehicle.
● Public Vehicle used for public transportation (tricycle, jeep etc) gives 27% of the total
number of all vehicle.
● Other Vehicles (Delivery vehicle, multicab, truck and trailer etc) is very low which is
about 2%.

5.3 Discussion on Directional Distribution

Approximately 58 percent of traffic flow was travelling along P. Burgos St. and about 42
percent was flowing towards D. Silang St.

5.4 Conclusions (All)

5.5 Recommendations

There are some recommendations based on the study that we took place. They are as follows:

● Manual count method requires well trained surveyors, which was not available in
this case
● For more reliable data automatic data collection process should be used
● More public transport facility should be provided to support the need of
inhabitants living in the area near the road
● Data were collected with a big gap of time in the middle of the counting period,
which can cause errors, so for more allegorical data continuous data collection
should be taken
 13
BIBLIOGRAPHY

https://www.scribd.com/document/375053391/FINAL-1

Fundamentals of Traffic Engineering, Ricardo G. Sigua

 14
APPENDIX
I. TRAFFIC COUNTING SHEET
 15
II. CURRICULUM VITAE
1. Personal Information
Name : Jonna Jane P. Cantal
Nickname : Jonna
Address : Calangay, San Nicolas Batangas
Contact no. : 09361540565
Email address : [email protected]
Date of Birth : July 21,1996
Place of Birth : Lemery, Batangas
Civil Status : Single
Parents : Genaro L. Cantal
: Juana P. Cantal

Educational background
Tertiary : BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
Batangas State University
Alangilan, Batangas City
2015 – Present
: BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ACCOUNTANCY
Rizal College of Taal
Taal, Batangas
2013 -2015

Secondary : San Nicolas National High School

San Nicolas, Batangas
2009 – 2013
Primary : Calangay Elementary School
San Nicolas, Batangas
2003 – 2009

2. Personal Information
Name : Kate Dela Cerna
Nickname : Kate
Address : Sampaga, Balayan, Batangas
Contact no. : +639975540237
Email address : [email protected]
Date of Birth : December 6, 1998

Place of Birth : Sampaga, Balayan, Batangas

Civil Status : Single
Parents : Mario B. Alas
: Emilou M. Dela Cerna

Educational background
Tertiary : BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL
ENGINEERING
Batangas State University
Alangilan, Batangas City
2015 – Present
Secondary : Balayan National High School
Balayan, Batangas
2011 – 2015
Primary : Sampaga Elementary School
Balayan, Batangas
2005 – 2011

3. Personal Information
Name : John Mathew A. Briones
Nickname : Mathew
Address : Tanggoy, Balayan, Batangas
Contact no. : +639666473154
Email address : [email protected]
Date of Birth : October 22, 1998

Place of Birth : Balayan, Batangas

Civil Status : Single
Parents : Arnel A. Briones
: Rowena A. Briones

Educational background
Tertiary : BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL
ENGINEERING
Batangas State University
Alangilan, Batangas City
2015 – Present
Secondary : Balayan National High School
Balayan, Batangas
 2011 – 2015
Primary : Balayan East Central School
Balayan, Batangas
2005 – 2011

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Acknowledgement …………………………………………………………………… i

Dedication …………………………………………………………………………….. ii

Abstract ……………………………………………………………………………….. iii

Chapter 1(The Problem and its Background)

Introduction …………………………………………………………………… 1

Statement of the Problem ……………………………………………………... 1

Main objective ………………………………………………………………... 2

 Specific Objectives …………………………………………………………… 2

Plan of Action ………………………………………………………………… 2

Management of Plan …………………………………………………………. 2

Limitations …………………………………………………………………… 2

Chapter II (Review of Related Literature)

General ………………………………………………………………………. 3

Previous Work connected on Traffic Volume Study ………………………... 3

Chapter III (Research Methodology) ………………………………………………… 4

Chapter IV (Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data)

Study Location ………………………………………………………………. 5

Study Method ……………………………………………………………….. 5

Classified Traffic Volume Count …………………………………………… 6 – 12

Chapter V (Conclusions and Recommendations)

General ……………………………………………………………………… 13

Discussion on Vehicle Composition ………………………………………. 13

Discussion on Directional Distribution ……………………………………... 13

Conclusion ………………………………………………………………….. 13

Recommendation ……………………………………………………………. 13

Bibliography …………………………………………………………………….. 14

Appendix ………………………………………………………………………….. 15

Curriculum Vitae