CS8190

Precision Air-Core
Tach/Speedo Driver with
Return to Zero
The CS8190 is specifically designed for use with air–core meter
movements. The IC provides all the functions necessary for an analog http://onsemi.com
tachometer or speedometer. The CS8190 takes a speed sensor input
and generates sine and cosine related output signals to differentially
drive an air–core meter.
Many enhancements have been added over industry standard 20
16
tachometer drivers such as the CS289 or LM1819. The output utilizes
differential drivers which eliminates the need for a zener reference 1
1
and offers more torque. The device withstands 60 V transients which DIP–16 SO–20L
decreases the protection circuitry required. The device is also more NF SUFFIX DWF SUFFIX
precise than existing devices allowing for fewer trims and for use in a CASE 648 CASE 751D
speedometer.
PIN CONNECTIONS AND
Features MARKING DIAGRAM
• Direct Sensor Input DIP–16
• High Output Torque CP+
1 16
CP–
• Low Pointer Flutter SQOUT F/VOUT
• High Input Impedance

CS8190ENF16
FREQIN VREG

AWLYYWW
• Overvoltage Protection GND GND
• Return to Zero GND GND

• Internally Fused Leads in DIP–16 and SO–20L Packages COS+

COS–
SINE+
SINE–
VCC BIAS

SO–20L
1 20
CP+ CP–
SQOUT F/VOUT
FREQIN VREG
AWLYYWW

GND GND
CS–8190

GND GND
GND GND
GND GND
COS+ SIN+
COS– SIN–
VCC BIAS

A = Assembly Location
WL, L = Wafer Lot
YY, Y = Year
WW, W = Work Week

ORDERING INFORMATION

Device Package Shipping

CS8190ENF16 DIP–16 25 Units/Rail

CS8190EDWF20 SO–20L 37 Units/Rail

CS8190EDWFR20 SO–20L 1000 Tape & Reel

 Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 2001 1 Publication Order Number:

March, 2001 – Rev. 4 CS8190/D
 CS8190

BIAS
F/VOUT
+
CP+ Charge Pump -
CP–
SQOUT

Input VREG
Comp.

FREQIN +
- Voltage
Regulator
GND GND

VREG
7.0 V
GND GND

COS+ SINE+
- -
+ Func. +
COS Gen. SINE
Output Output
+ +
- -

COS– SINE–

VCC High Voltage

Protection

Figure 1. Block Diagram

ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS*

Rating Value Unit

Supply Voltage, VCC < 100 ms Pulse Transient 60 V

Continuous 24 V

Operating Temperature –40 to +105 °C

Storage Temperature –40 to +165 °C

Junction Temperature –40 to +150 °C

ESD (Human Body Model) 4.0 kV

Lead Temperature Soldering: Wave Solder (through hole styles only) (Note 1.) 260 peak °C
Reflow: (SMD styles only) (Note 2.) 230 peak °C

1. 10 seconds maximum.
2. 60 second maximum above 183°C.
*The maximum package power dissipation must be observed.

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 CS8190

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (–40°C ≤ TA ≤ 85°C, 8.5 V ≤ VCC ≤ 15 V, unless otherwise specified.)

Characteristic Test Conditions Min Typ Max Unit

Supply Voltage Section

ICC Supply Current VCC = 16 V, –40°C, No Load – 50 125 mA

VCC Normal Operation Range – 8.5 13.1 16 V

Input Comparator Section

Positive Input Threshold – 1.0 2.0 3.0 V

Input Hysteresis – 200 500 – mV

Input Bias Current (Note 3.) 0 V ≤ VIN ≤ 8.0 V – –10 –80 µA

Input Frequency Range – 0 – 20 kHz

Input Voltage Range in series with 1.0 kΩ –1.0 – VCC V

Output VSAT ICC = 10 mA – 0.15 0.40 V

Output Leakage VCC = 7.0 V – – 10 µA

Low VCC Disable Threshold – 7.0 8.0 8.5 V

Logic 0 Input Voltage – 1.0 – – V

Voltage Regulator Section

Output Voltage – 6.25 7.00 7.50 V

Output Load Current – – – 10 mA

Output Load Regulation 0 to 10 mA – 10 50 mV

Output Line Regulation 8.5 V ≤ VCC ≤ 16 V – 20 150 mV

Power Supply Rejection VCC = 13.1 V, 1.0 VP/P 1.0 kHz 34 46 – dB

Charge Pump Section

Inverting Input Voltage – 1.5 2.0 2.5 V

Input Bias Current – – 40 150 nA

VBIAS Input Voltage – 1.5 2.0 2.5 V

Non Invert. Input Voltage IIN = 1.0 mA – 0.7 1.1 V

Linearity (Note 4.) @ 0, 87.5, 175, 262.5, + 350 Hz –0.10 0.28 +0.70 %

F/VOUT Gain @ 350 Hz, CCP = 0.0033 µF, 7.0 10 13 mV/Hz

RT = 243 kΩ

Norton Gain, Positive IIN = 15 µA 0.9 1.0 1.1 I/I

Norton Gain, Negative IIN = 15 µA 0.9 1.0 1.1 I/I

Function Generator Section: –40C  TA  85°C, VCC = 13.1 V unless otherwise noted.
Return to Zero Threshold TA = 25°C 5.2 6.0 7.0 V

Differential Drive Voltage 8.5 V ≤ VCC ≤ 16 V 5.5 6.5 7.5 V

(VCOS+ – VCOS–) Θ = 0°

Differential Drive Voltage 8.5 V ≤ VCC ≤ 16 V 5.5 6.5 7.5 V

(VSIN+ – VSIN–) Θ = 90°

Differential Drive Voltage 8.5 V ≤ VCC ≤ 16 V –7.5 –6.5 –5.5 V

(VCOS+ – VCOS–) Θ = 180°

Differential Drive Voltage 8.5 V ≤ VCC ≤ 16 V –7.5 –6.5 –5.5 V

(VSIN+ – VSIN–) Θ = 270°

3. Input is clamped by an internal 12 V Zener.

4. Applies to % of full scale (270°).

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 CS8190

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) (–40°C ≤ TA ≤ 85°C, 8.5 V ≤ VCC ≤ 15 V, unless otherwise specified.)
Characteristic Test Conditions Min Typ Max Unit

Function Generator Section: –40C  TA  85°C, VCC = 13.1 V unless otherwise noted. (continued)
Differential Drive Current 8.5 V ≤ VCC ≤ 16 V – 33 42 mA

Zero Hertz Output Angle – –1.5 0 1.5 deg

Function Generator Error (Note 5.) VCC = 13.1 V –2.0 0 +2.0 deg
Reference Figures 2, 3, 4, 5 Θ = 0° to 305°

Function Generator Error 13.1 V ≤ VCC ≤ 16 V –2.5 0 +2.5 deg

Function Generator Error 13.1 V ≤ VCC ≤ 11 V –1.0 0 +1.0 deg

Function Generator Error 13.1 V ≤ VCC ≤ 9.0 V –3.0 0 +3.0 deg

Function Generator Error 25°C ≤ TA ≤ 80°C –3.0 0 +3.0 deg

Function Generator Error 25°C ≤ TA ≤ 105°C –5.5 0 +5.5 deg

Function Generator Error –40°C ≤ TA ≤ 25°C –3.0 0 +3.0 deg

Function Generator Gain TA = 25°C, Θ vs F/VOUT, 60 77 95 °/V

5. Deviation from nominal per Table 1 after calibration at 0° and 270°.

PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTION

PACKAGE PIN #
DIP–16 SO–20L PIN SYMBOL FUNCTION
1 1 CP+ Positive input to charge pump.

2 2 SQOUT Buffered square wave output signal.

3 3 FREQIN Speed or RPM input signal.

4, 5, 12, 13 4–7, 14–17 GND Ground Connections.

6 8 COS+ Positive cosine output signal.

7 9 COS– Negative cosine output signal.

8 10 VCC Ignition or battery supply voltage.

9 11 BIAS Test point or zero adjustment.

10 12 SIN– Negative sine output signal.

11 13 SIN+ Positive sine output signal.

14 18 VREG Voltage regulator output.

15 19 F/VOUT Output voltage proportional to input signal frequency.

16 20 CP– Negative input to charge pump.

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 CS8190

TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS

FVOUT  2.0 V  2.0
FREQ
CCP
RT
(VREG  0.7 V)

7 7
6
5 6
COS
4
Output Voltage (V)

3 5

F/V Output (V)

2
1 4
0
–1 3
–2
–3 2
–4
–5 1
SIN
–6
–7 0
0 45 90 135 180 225 270 315 0 45 90 135 180 225 270 315
Degrees of Deflection (°) Frequency/Output Angle (°)

Figure 2. Function Generator Output Voltage vs. Figure 3. Charge Pump Output Voltage vs.
Degrees of Deflection Output Angle

7.0 V 1.50
(VSINE+) – (VSINE–) 1.25
1.00
0.75
0.50
Deviation (°)

Θ Angle 0.25
0.00
–7.0 V 7.0 V –0.25
–0.50
(VCOS+) – (VCOS–)
–0.75
–1.00

  ARCTAN VVCOS
SIN   VSIN  
  VCOS 
–1.25
–7.0 V –1.50
0 45 90 135 180 225 270 315
Theoretical Angle (°)
Figure 4. Output Angle in Polar Form Figure 5. Nominal Output Deviation

45

40
Ideal Angle (Degrees)

35

30

25

20

15 Ideal Degrees
Nominal Degrees
10

0
1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45
Nominal Angle (Degrees)
Figure 6. Nominal Angle vs. Ideal Angle (After Calibrating at 180)

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 CS8190

Table 1. Function Generator Output Nominal Angle vs. Ideal Angle (After Calibrating at 270)
Nominal Nominal Nominal Nominal Nominal Nominal
Ideal

Ideal

Ideal

Ideal

Ideal

Ideal


Degrees Degrees Degrees Degrees Degrees Degrees Degrees Degrees Degrees Degrees Degrees Degrees
0 0 17 17.98 34 33.04 75 74.00 160 159.14 245 244.63
1 1.09 18 18.96 35 34.00 80 79.16 165 164.00 250 249.14
2 2.19 19 19.92 36 35.00 85 84.53 170 169.16 255 254.00
3 3.29 20 20.86 37 36.04 90 90.00 175 174.33 260 259.16
4 4.38 21 21.79 38 37.11 95 95.47 180 180.00 265 264.53
5 5.47 22 22.71 39 38.21 100 100.84 185 185.47 270 270.00
6 6.56 23 23.61 40 39.32 105 106.00 190 190.84 275 275.47
7 7.64 24 24.50 41 40.45 110 110.86 195 196.00 280 280.84
8 8.72 25 25.37 42 41.59 115 115.37 200 200.86 285 286.00
9 9.78 26 26.23 43 42.73 120 119.56 205 205.37 290 290.86
10 10.84 27 27.07 44 43.88 125 124.00 210 209.56 295 295.37
11 11.90 28 27.79 45 45.00 130 129.32 215 214.00 300 299.21
12 12.94 29 28.73 50 50.68 135 135.00 220 219.32 305 303.02
13 13.97 30 29.56 55 56.00 140 140.68 225 225.00
14 14.99 31 30.39 60 60.44 145 146.00 230 230.58
15 16.00 32 31.24 65 64.63 150 150.44 235 236.00
16 17.00 33 32.12 70 69.14 155 154.63 240 240.44
Note: Temperature, voltage and nonlinearity not included.

CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION and APPLICATION NOTES

The CS8190 is specifically designed for use with air–core on–chip amplifier and function generator circuitry. The
meter movements. It includes an input comparator for various trip points for the circuit (i.e., 0°, 90°, 180°, 270°)
sensing an input signal from an ignition pulse or speed are determined by an internal resistor divider and the
sensor, a charge pump for frequency to voltage conversion, bandgap voltage reference. The coils are differentially
a bandgap voltage regulator for stable operation, and a driven, allowing bidirectional current flow in the outputs,
function generator with sine and cosine amplifiers to thus providing up to 305° range of meter deflection. Driving
differentially drive the meter coils. the coils differentially offers faster response time, higher
From the partial schematic of Figure 7, the input signal is current capability, higher output voltage swings, and
applied to the FREQIN lead, this is the input to a high reduced external component count. The key advantage is a
impedance comparator with a typical positive input higher torque output for the pointer.
threshold of 2.0 V and typical hysteresis of 0.5 V. The output The output angle, Θ, is equal to the F/V gain multiplied by
of the comparator, SQOUT, is applied to the charge pump the function generator gain:
input CP+ through an external capacitor CCP. When the
  AFV
AFG,
input signal changes state, CCP is charged or discharged
through R3 and R4. The charge accumulated on CCP is where:
mirrored to C4 by the Norton Amplifier circuit comprising
of Q1, Q2 and Q3. The charge pump output voltage, F/VOUT, AFG  77°V(typ)
ranges from 2.0 V to 6.3 V depending on the input signal The relationship between input frequency and output
frequency and the gain of the charge pump according to the angle is:
formula:
  AFG
2.0
FREQ
CCP
RT
(VREG  0.7 V)
FVOUT  2.0 V  2.0
FREQ
CCP
RT
(VREG  0.7 V)
or,   970
FREQ
CCP
RT
RT is a potentiometer used to adjust the gain of the F/V
output stage and give the correct meter deflection. The F/V The ripple voltage at the F/V converter’s output is
output voltage is applied to the function generator which determined by the ratio of CCP and C4 in the formula:
generates the sine and cosine output voltages. The output CCP(VREG  0.7 V)
voltage of the sine and cosine amplifiers are derived from the
V 
C4

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 CS8190

VREG

2.0 V F/VOUT
+

R3 –
F to V
0.25 V CP–
Q3 RT
VC(t)
+ –

SQOUT CCP R4 CP+

FREQIN
C4
+
Q1 Q2
QSQUARE
–

2.0 V

Figure 7. Partial Schematic of Input and Charge Pump

T
tDCHG tCHG

VCC

FREQIN 0
VREG
SQOUT

ICP+

VCP+

Figure 8. Timing Diagram of FREQIN and ICP

Ripple voltage on the F/V output causes pointer or needle generate a differential SIN drive voltage of zero volts and the
flutter especially at low input frequencies. differential COS drive voltage to go as high as possible. This
The response time of the F/V is determined by the time combination of voltages (Figure 2) across the meter coil
constant formed by RT and C4. Increasing the value of C4 moves the needle to the 0° position. Connecting a large
will reduce the ripple on the F/V output but will also increase capacitor(> 2000 µF) to the VCC lead (C2 in Figure 9)
the response time. An increase in response time causes a increases the time between these undervoltage points since
very slow meter movement and may be unacceptable for the capacitor discharges slowly and ensures that the needle
many applications. moves towards 0° as opposed to 360°. The exact value of the
The CS8190 has an undervoltage detect circuit that disables capacitor depends on the response time of the system,the
the input comparator when VCC falls below 8.0 V(typical). maximum meter deflection and the current consumption of
With no input signal the F/V output voltage decreases and the the circuit. It should be selected by breadboarding the design
needle moves towards zero. A second undervoltage detect in the lab.
circuit at 6.0 V(typical) causes the function generator to

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 CS8190

R3 CCP R4
3.0 kΩ
0.0033 µF 1 CP+ CP– Trim Resistor
± 30 PPM/°C C4 0.47 µF RT
1.0 kΩ
SQOUT F/VOUT + ± 20 PPM/°C
Speedo Input R2
FREQIN VREG
10 kΩ C3 0.1 µF

CS8190
GND GND
GND GND
COS+ SINE+

Battery COS– SINE–

R1
VCC BIAS
D1 3.9,
1.0 A 500 mW C1
600 PIV 0.1 µF
C2
2000 µF COSINE SINE
GND D2
50 V,
500 mW Speedometer
Zener Air Core
Gauge
200 Ω
Notes:
1. C2 (> 2000 µF) is needed if return to zero function is required.
2. The product of C4 and RT have a direct effect on gain and therefore directly affect temperature compensation.
3. C4 Range; 20 pF to 0.2 µF.
4. R4 Range; 100 kΩ to 500 kΩ.
5. The IC must be protected from transients above 60 V and reverse battery conditions.
6. Additional filtering on the FREQIN lead may be required.
7. Gauge coil connections to the IC must be kept as short as possible (≤ 3.0 inch) for best pointer stability.

Figure 9. Speedometer or Tachometer Application

Design Example (R3 + R4) CCP time constant is less than 10% of the
Maximum meter Deflection = 270° minimum input period.
Maximum Input Frequency = 350 Hz 1
T  10%
 285 s
1. Select RT and CCP 350 Hz
  970
FREQ
CCP
RT  270° Choose R4 = 1.0 kΩ.
Discharge time: tDCHG = R3 × CCP = 3.3 kΩ × 0.0033 µF
Let CCP = 0.0033 µF, find RT = 10.9 µs
270° Charge time: tCHG = (R3 + R4)CCP = 4.3 kΩ. × 0.0033 µF
RT  = 14.2 µs
970
350 Hz
0.0033 F
3. Determine C4
RT  243 k
C4 is selected to satisfy both the maximum allowable
RT should be a 250 kΩ potentiometer to trim out any ripple voltage and response time of the meter movement.
inaccuracies due to IC tolerances or meter movement
CCP(VREG  0.7 V)
pointer placement. C4 

VMAX
2. Select R3 and R4
Resistor R3 sets the output current from the voltage With C4 = 0.47 µF, the F/V ripple voltage is 44 mV.
regulator. The maximum output current from the voltage The last component to be selected is the return to zero
regulator is 10 mA. R3 must ensure that the current does not capacitor C2. This is selected by increasing the input signal
exceed this limit. frequency to its maximum so the pointer is at its maximum
Choose R3 = 3.3 kΩ deflection, then removing the power from the circuit. C2
The charge current for CCP is should be large enough to ensure that the pointer always
VREG  0.7 V returns to the 0° position rather than 360° under all operating
 1.90 mA conditions.
3.3 k
CCP must charge and discharge fully during each cycle of Figure 10 shows how the CS8190 and the CS8441 are
the input signal. Time for one cycle at maximum frequency used to produce a Speedometer and Odometer circuit.
is 2.85 ms. To ensure that CCP is charged, assume that the

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 CS8190

R4

R3 3.0 kΩ 1.0 kΩ
CCP
0.0033 µF
± 30 PPM/°C 1 CP+ CP– Trim Resistor
C4 + 0.47 µF RT
Speedo F/VOUT ± 20 PPM/°C
Input SQOUT
R2 243 kΩ
FREQIN VREG
10 kΩ C3 0.1 µF

CS8190
GND GND
GND GND
COS+ SINE+

Battery COS– SINE–

R1
VCC BIAS
D1 3.9, D2
1.0 A 500 mW 50 V,
600 PIV 500 mW
Zener
COSINE SINE

GND C1
0.1 µF
Air Core Speedometer
Gauge
200 Ω

C2
10 µF 1

CS8441

Air Core Odometer

Stepper
Motor
200 Ω

Notes:
1. C2 = 10 µF with CS8441 application.
2. The product of C4 and RT have a direct effect on gain and therefore directly affect temperature compensation.
3. C4 Range; 20 pF to 0.2 µF.
4. R4 Range; 100 kΩ to 500 kΩ.
5. The IC must be protected from transients above 60 V and reverse battery conditions.
6. Additional filtering on the FREQIN lead may be required.
7. Gauge coil connections to the IC must be kept as short as possible (≤ 3.0 inch) for best pointer stability.

Figure 10. Speedometer With Odometer or Tachometer Application

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 CS8190

In some cases a designer may wish to use the CS8190 only Figures 11 and 12 are not temperature compensated.
as a driver for an air–core meter having performed the F/V
conversion elsewhere in the circuit.
Figure 11 shows how to drive the CS8190 with a DC
CS8190
voltage ranging from 2.0 V to 6.0 V. This is accomplished by
forcing a voltage on the F/VOUT lead. The alternative scheme 100 kΩ BIAS
+
shown in Figure 12 uses an external op amp as a buffer and
operates over an input voltage range of 0 V to 4.0 V. 100 kΩ
VIN + –
10 kΩ CP–
0 V to 4.0 V DC
VREG – F/VOUT

100 kΩ CS8190
CP– 100 kΩ
– 100 kΩ

+
10 kΩ N/C
BIAS Figure 12. Driving the CS8190 from an External
DC Voltage Using an Op Amp Buffer
VIN
2.0 V to 6.0 V DC F/VOUT

Figure 11. Driving the CS8190 from an External

DC Voltage

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 CS8190

PACKAGE DIMENSIONS

DIP–16
NF SUFFIX
CASE 648–08
ISSUE R
NOTES:
–A– 1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI
Y14.5M, 1982.
2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: INCH.
16 9 3. DIMENSION L TO CENTER OF LEADS WHEN
FORMED PARALLEL.
B 4. DIMENSION B DOES NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH.
1 8 5. ROUNDED CORNERS OPTIONAL.

INCHES MILLIMETERS
F C DIM MIN MAX MIN MAX
L
A 0.740 0.770 18.80 19.55
S B 0.250 0.270 6.35 6.85
C 0.145 0.175 3.69 4.44
D 0.015 0.021 0.39 0.53
SEATING
–T– PLANE F 0.040 0.70 1.02 1.77
G 0.100 BSC 2.54 BSC
K M H 0.050 BSC 1.27 BSC
H J J 0.008 0.015 0.21 0.38
G K 0.110 0.130 2.80 3.30
D 16 PL L 0.295 0.305 7.50 7.74
M 0
10
0
10

0.25 (0.010) M T A M
S 0.020 0.040 0.51 1.01

SO–20L
DWF SUFFIX
CASE 751D–05
ISSUE F

D NOTES:
A

1. DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS.
2. INTERPRET DIMENSIONS AND TOLERANCES
PER ASME Y14.5M, 1994.
20 11 3. DIMENSIONS D AND E DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD
M

PROTRUSION.
B

4. MAXIMUM MOLD PROTRUSION 0.15 PER SIDE.

X 45

H

5. DIMENSION B DOES NOT INCLUDE DAMBAR

M

E PROTRUSION. ALLOWABLE PROTRUSION SHALL

10X

0.25

BE 0.13 TOTAL IN EXCESS OF B DIMENSION AT

h

MAXIMUM MATERIAL CONDITION.

1 10
MILLIMETERS
DIM MIN MAX
A 2.35 2.65
B A1 0.10 0.25
20X B B 0.35 0.49
0.25 M T A S B S C 0.23 0.32
D 12.65 12.95
E 7.40 7.60
e 1.27 BSC
H 10.05 10.55
A h 0.25 0.75
L 0.50 0.90
0
7

L

SEATING
PLANE
18X e A1 T C

PACKAGE THERMAL DATA

Parameter DIP–16 SO–20L Unit
RΘJC Typical 15 9 °C/W
RΘJA Typical 50 55 °C/W

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 CS8190

ON Semiconductor and are trademarks of Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC (SCILLC). SCILLC reserves the right to make changes
without further notice to any products herein. SCILLC makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular
purpose, nor does SCILLC assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability,
including without limitation special, consequential or incidental damages. “Typical” parameters which may be provided in SCILLC data sheets and/or
specifications can and do vary in different applications and actual performance may vary over time. All operating parameters, including “Typicals” must be
validated for each customer application by customer’s technical experts. SCILLC does not convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others.
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intended to support or sustain life, or for any other application in which the failure of the SCILLC product could create a situation where personal injury or
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