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    Homework Economic

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    duc anh
    A random sample of 100 observations from a Bernoulli distribution had 80 successes and 20 failures. An estimator for the odds ratio p/(1-p) was constructed. This estimator approximately follows a normal distribution with mean 4 and variance 1. A consistent estimator θ^ of θ was also described. When n=100, the probability that θ^ is greater than or equal to 1.196θ is approximately 0.025. The standard error of θ^ is θ/√n. The approximate mean and variance of 1/θ^ are 1/θ and 1/(nθ^2) respectively. For large n, 1/θ^ approximately follows a normal distribution with mean 1/θ and variance 1/nθ^

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    Homework Economic

    Uploaded by

    duc anh
    36 views1 page
    A random sample of 100 observations from a Bernoulli distribution had 80 successes and 20 failures. An estimator for the odds ratio p/(1-p) was constructed. This estimator approximately follows a normal distribution with mean 4 and variance 1. A consistent estimator θ^ of θ was also described. When n=100, the probability that θ^ is greater than or equal to 1.196θ is approximately 0.025. The standard error of θ^ is θ/√n. The approximate mean and variance of 1/θ^ are 1/θ and 1/(nθ^2) respectively. For large n, 1/θ^ approximately follows a normal distribution with mean 1/θ and variance 1/nθ^

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    homework economics

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    homework economic

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    A random sample of 100 observations from a Bernoulli distribution had 80 successes and 20 failures. An estimator for the odds ratio p/(1-p) was constructed. This estimator approximately follows a normal distribution with mean 4 and variance 1. A consistent estimator θ^ of θ was also described. When n=100, the probability that θ^ is greater than or equal to 1.196θ is approximately 0.025. The standard error of θ^ is θ/√n. The approximate mean and variance of 1/θ^ are 1/θ and 1/(nθ^2) respectively. For large n, 1/θ^ approximately follows a normal distribution with mean 1/θ and variance 1/nθ^

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    36 views1 page

    Homework Economic

    Uploaded by

    duc anh
    A random sample of 100 observations from a Bernoulli distribution had 80 successes and 20 failures. An estimator for the odds ratio p/(1-p) was constructed. This estimator approximately follows a normal distribution with mean 4 and variance 1. A consistent estimator θ^ of θ was also described. When n=100, the probability that θ^ is greater than or equal to 1.196θ is approximately 0.025. The standard error of θ^ is θ/√n. The approximate mean and variance of 1/θ^ are 1/θ and 1/(nθ^2) respectively. For large n, 1/θ^ approximately follows a normal distribution with mean 1/θ and variance 1/nθ^

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 1

    additional problem 2

    A random sample from a Bernoulli(p) distribution has 80 successes and 20 failures. Construct a
    consistent estimator for the odds ratio p/(1−p). What is the approximate pdf of this estimator?
    iid
    Solution: If X1 , . . . , Xn ∼ Bernoulli(p), then EX1 = p. Hence, a consistent estimator of p is
    p
    p̂ := nj=1 Xj /n because p̂ −
    P
    → EX1 = p by the WLLN. Hence, by the continuous mapping theorem
    d
    (CMT), p̂/(1 − p̂) is a consistent estimator of p/(1 − p). From the CLT, we know that n1/2 (p̂ − p) −
    →
    1/2 d
    N(0, p(1−p)). Hence, letting g(p) := p/(1−p), the exact delta method implies that n (g(p̂)−g(p)) − →
    d
    N(0, p(1−p)[g 0 (p)]2 ). But g 0 (p) = 1/(1−p)2 . Hence, it follows that n1/2 (g(p̂)−g(p)) −
    → N(0, p/(1−p)3 ).
    d
    Consequently, g(p̂) ≈ N(g(p), p/[n(1−p)3 ]). In the given dataset, we know that n = 100, p̂ = 80/100 =
    d d
    0.8, and g(p̂) = 0.8/0.2 = 4. Therefore, g(p̂) ≈ N(4, 0.8/[100(1 − 0.8)3 ]) = N(4, 1).

    additional problem 5
    d
    Let θ̂ be a consistent estimator of θ > 0 such that n1/2 (θ̂ − θ) →
    − N(0, θ2 ) as n → ∞.
    (i) What is Pr(θ̂ ≥ 1.196θ) when n = 100?
    (ii) What is the standard error of θ̂?
    (iii) Find the approximate mean and variance of 1/θ̂.
    (iv) What is the distribution of 1/θ̂?
    Solution:
    (i) Note that
    Pr(θ̂ ≥ 1.196θ) = Pr(n1/2 (θ̂ − θ) ≥ n1/2 (1.196θ − θ))
    .
    = Pr(N(0, θ2 ) ≥ n1/2 0.196θ)
    = Pr(N(0, 1) ≥ n1/2 0.196)
    = Pr(N(0, 1) ≥ 1.96) (n = 100)
    = 0.025.
    √
    q
    (ii) se(θ̂) := asvar(
    [ θ̂)/n = θ̂/ n.
    .
    (iii) Let g(θ) := 1/θ. By a first order Taylor expansion, g(θ̂) = g(Eθ̂) + g 0 (Eθ̂)(θ̂ − Eθ̂). Hence,
    . . d .
    Eg(θ̂) = g(Eθ̂) = 1/Eθ̂ = 1/θ because θ̂ ≈ N(θ, θ2 /n). Similarly, var g(θ̂) = [g 0 (Eθ̂)]2 var(θ̂) =
    .
    var(θ̂)/(Eθ̂)4 = 1/(nθ2 ).
    d d
    (iv) By the exact delta method, n1/2 (g(θ̂) − g(θ)) −→ N(0, [g 0 (θ)]2 θ2 ) = N(0, 1/θ2 ), i.e.,
    1 1 d 1
    n1/2 ( − ) − → N(0, 2 ) as n → ∞.
    θ̂ θ θ
    The practical implication of this result is that, for large enough n,
    1 d 1 1
    ≈ N( , 2 ).
    θ̂ θ nθ

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