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    This document provides information about convergent plate boundaries. It begins by defining a convergent boundary as a region where two tectonic plates are moving toward each other. If the plates are of equal density, they will push against each other and form a mountain chain. If the densities are unequal, one plate will subduct beneath the other in a subduction zone. Examples of convergent boundaries forming mountain ranges include the Himalayas from the collision of the Indian and Eurasian plates and the Andes from the subduction of the Nazca plate under the South American plate. Convergent boundaries are also known as destructive boundaries as they can cause earthquakes and volcanoes.

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    This document provides information about convergent plate boundaries. It begins by defining a convergent boundary as a region where two tectonic plates are moving toward each other. If the plates are of equal density, they will push against each other and form a mountain chain. If the densities are unequal, one plate will subduct beneath the other in a subduction zone. Examples of convergent boundaries forming mountain ranges include the Himalayas from the collision of the Indian and Eurasian plates and the Andes from the subduction of the Nazca plate under the South American plate. Convergent boundaries are also known as destructive boundaries as they can cause earthquakes and volcanoes.

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    This document provides information about convergent plate boundaries. It begins by defining a convergent boundary as a region where two tectonic plates are moving toward each other. If the plates are of equal density, they will push against each other and form a mountain chain. If the densities are unequal, one plate will subduct beneath the other in a subduction zone. Examples of convergent boundaries forming mountain ranges include the Himalayas from the collision of the Indian and Eurasian plates and the Andes from the subduction of the Nazca plate under the South American plate. Convergent boundaries are also known as destructive boundaries as they can cause earthquakes and volcanoes.

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    797 views31 pages

    Portfolio in

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    Thess Tecla Zerauc Azodnem
    This document provides information about convergent plate boundaries. It begins by defining a convergent boundary as a region where two tectonic plates are moving toward each other. If the plates are of equal density, they will push against each other and form a mountain chain. If the densities are unequal, one plate will subduct beneath the other in a subduction zone. Examples of convergent boundaries forming mountain ranges include the Himalayas from the collision of the Indian and Eurasian plates and the Andes from the subduction of the Nazca plate under the South American plate. Convergent boundaries are also known as destructive boundaries as they can cause earthquakes and volcanoes.

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    of 31

    PORTFOLIO

    IN
    SCIENCE 10
    ACTIVITY 6

    CONVERGE
    NT PLATES
    BOUNDARIE
    S
    A tectonic boundary where two plates are moving toward
    each other. If the two plates are of equal density, they
    usually push up against each other, forming a mountain
    chain. If they are of unequal density, one plate usually sinks
    beneath the other in a subduction zone.

    Continental-Continental

    Continental-Continental
     In plate tectonics, a convergent boundary also known
    as a destructive plate boundary, is a region of active
    deformation where two or more tectonic plates or
    fragments of the lithosphere are near the end of their
    life cycle.
    MOUNT EVEREST

    MOUNT DIABLO
    MOUNT RORAIMA

    MOUNT HOTHAM
    MOUNT JUDI

    Continental Oceanic
    Continental Oceanic
    RED ISLAND MOUNTAIN

    SOUTH SANDWICH ISLAND


    KOMANDORSKI ISLAND

    PUERTO RICO
    GALAPAGOS ISLAND

    Oceanic-Oceanic
    Oceanic-Oceanic
     Adjective of living in, or produced by the ocean-
    oceanic current of relating to the region of water lying
    above the Bathyal, Abyssal and Hendal zones of the
    sea bottom. Compare necrotic pelagic.
    BANRA WUHU

    MANGEHETANG VOLCANO
    AXIAL SEAMOUNT
    SUBMARINE KOLUMBO

    ACTIVITY 3
    FIND THE CENTER
    NAME: ________________________________________________ SCORE: __________
    SECTION: ____________

    Activity 1
    Find the Center
    Objective:
    Locate the epicenter of an earthquake using the triangulation method.
    Materials:
    • hypothetical records of earthquake waves
    • Philippine map
    • drawing compass and ruler
    Procedure:
    1. Study the data showing the difference in the arrival time of P-wave and S-wave on
    three seismic recording stations.
    Time difference in the arrival
    Distance of epicenter from the
    Recording station time of P-wave and S-wave
    station (km)
    (seconds)

    2. Compute the distance of the epicenter from each of the stations using this formula:
    d= Td x 100 km
    8 seconds
    Where: d = distance (km)
    Td = time difference in the arrival time of P-wave and S-wave
    (seconds)
    This formula is suited because 8 seconds is the interval between the times of arrival of the P-
    wave and S-wave at a distance of 100 km.

    Q1. Where is the epicenter of this hypothetical earthquake?

    _____________________________________________________________________________
    _____________________________________________________________________________
    _____________________________________________________________________________

    Q2. What difficulty will you encounter if you only have data from two recording stations?

    _____________________________________________________________________________
    _____________________________________________________________________________
    _____________________________________________________________________________
    In the previous activity, the hypothetical earthquake happened locally, that is why we use the
    formula stated in the procedure. But, if the earthquake took place at a far greater distance,
    seismologists use the distance-time graph similar to the figure below in determining the location
    of the epicenter.

    Distance (km) from Epicenter

    The distance-time graph above shows that the S-P interval is about 10 minutes.
    Q3. What is the distance of the epicenter from the seismic station?

    _____________________________________________________________________________
    _____________________________________________________________________________
    _____________________________________________________________________________

    Q4. What do you think is the importance of determining the epicenter of an earthquake?

    _____________________________________________________________________________
    _____________________________________________________________________________
    _____________________________________________________________________________

    Q5. What is the method of locating the epicenter of an earthquake using three recording stations?

    _____________________________________________________________________________
    _____________________________________________________________________________
    _____________________________________________________________________________
    ACTIVITY 4
    LET’S MARK THE
    BOUNDARIES
    NAME: ________________________________________________ SCORE: __________
    SECTION: ____________

    Activity 2
    Let’s Mark the Boundaries

    Objectives:
    • Describe the distribution of active volcanoes, earthquake epicenters, and major
    mountain belts.
    • Determine the scientific basis for dividing the Lithospheric plates.

    Materials:
    • Figure 5: Map of earthquake distribution
    • Figure 6: Map of active volcanoes of the world
    • Figure 7: Mountain ranges of the world
    • 2 pieces’ plastic sheet used for book cover, same size as a book page
    • marking pens (two different colors)

    http://marc.fournier.free.free.fr
    Figure 5. Map of earthquake distribution (Red, green, and blue dots represent earthquake
    epicenters)

    Procedure:
    1. Study Figure 5 showing the earthquake distribution around the world. Trace the approximate
    locations of several earthquakes “clusters” using a marking pen on one of the plastic sheets.

    Q5. How are earthquakes distributed on the map?

    Q6. Where are they located?

    Q7. Where are there no earthquakes?

    Q8. Why is it important for us to identify areas which are prone to earthquakes?

    http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/volc/fig34.html
    Figure 6. Map of active volcanoes (Red areas represent presence of volcanoes)
    2. Study the map of active volcanoes in Figure 6.
    Q9. How are volcanoes distributed?

    Q10. Where are they located?

    Q11. Based on the map, mention a country that is unlikely to experience a volcanic eruption.

    3. On the second plastic sheet, sketch the approximate locations of several volcanoes using a
    marking pen.
    4. Place the earthquake plastic sheet over the volcano plastic sheet.

    Q12. Compare the location of majority of earthquake epicenters with the location of volcanoes
    around the world.

    http://www.clipart.dk.co.uk/1068/az/Earth/Mountain_ranges Figure 7.
    Mountain ranges of the world

    5. Study Figure 7, the orange portions indicate mountain ranges of the world.

    Q13. How will you relate the distribution of mountain ranges with the distribution of earthquake
    epicenters and volcanoes?
    6. Now that you have seen the location of volcanoes, mountain ranges, and majority of
    earthquake epicenters, study Figure 2 on page 7, Map of Plate boundaries once more.

    Q14. What do you think is the basis of scientists in dividing Earth’s lithosphere into several
    plates?

    The places on Earth where most of the earthquakes originated or some mountains and volcanoes
    were formed mark the boundaries of each lithospheric plate. As mentioned earlier, each plate is
    slowly moving relative to each other, causing geologic events to happen along their boundaries.
    Let’s take a look at the relative motion of the crustal plates in the figure below.

    ACTIVITY 5
    PLATE BOUNDARIES
    TYPES OF BOUNDARY

    Objectives:

    1. Simulate the movement of each type of plate boundary


    2. Identify the geologic features land form that each
    boundary creates

    Procedure:

    Simulate the movement of the plate using chocolate


    bar. Split the chocolate bar into two by pulling it in
    half. Left the caramel that drip between the two halves.

    What type of plate boundary does this represent?

    Draw your observation below


    Using a tooth pick, mark the part of the chocolate bar that
    represents the forms it creates

    What land form does this plate boundary create?

    3. Using the other chocolate bar, slide the two halves into
    opposite bar together until two sides bump into each
    other and form an upward curve.

    What type of plate boundary did you simulate?

    Draw your observation

    Using a toothpick, mark the part of the chocolate bar that


    represent the forms it creates.

    What land form does this plate boundary create?


    Conclusion
    I therefore conclude that the tree types of plate boundary
    are
    a. Convergent Plate Boundary
    b. Divergent Plate Boundary
    c. Transform Plate Boundary
    This time push the two sides of chocolate bars together
    until the two sides bump into each other and form an
    upward curve. What type of Plate Boundary did you
    simulate? ____________________________________________

    Draw your observation.

    Using a toothpick, mark the part of the chocolate bar that


    represents the land form it creates. What landform does
    this Plate Boundary create? ____________________________
    CONCLUSION
    I therefore conclude that the three types of plate
    boundaries are:
    a. Convergent plate boundary
    b. Divergent plate boundary
    c. Transform plate boundary

    TYPES OF PLATE BOUNDARY EXAMPLE:


    1. Convergent Plate Boundary Philippine Plate &
    Eurasian Plate
    2. Divergent Plate Boundary Rift Valley
    3. Transform Plate Boundary Fault Line
    ACTIVITY 7
    FIRST AID & SURVIVAL
    KIT
    First Aid Kit
    A box containing equipment needed to give immediate
    medical help in an emergency

    first aid manual bandages

    elastic bandages instant cold pack

    gauze roll and pads antiseptic wipes


    gloves Thermometer

    Adhesives tape emergency blanket Emergency


    contact information/
    medical information for family members

    Survival Kit
    A set of equipment that will enable you to survive in
    dangerous conditions

    Bottled water medication blankets or sleeping bags


    Toiletries canned goods manual can opener

    Backpack clothing and footwear important papers/documents

    Playing cards extra keys and cash

    ACTIVITY 8
    GRAPHING ORGANIZER
    ACTIVITY 9
    SEISMIC WAVES
    ACTIVITY 10
    LAYERS OF THE EARTH
    ACTIVITY 11
    WEGENER’S PUZZLING
    CONTINENTS
    ACTIVITY 12
    CONCEPT MAP
    drilling
    samples
    Rock and Paleoclimate by
    mountain data determini
    correlation ng the
    age of
    the rocks

    Fossil
    correlation

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