LABORATORY SAFETY GUDELINE

Hanum binti Hassan, Lt. Kol (B) Azuddin bin Bahari & Faridah binti
Wahab

Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP)

P.O. Box 77, d/a Pejabat Pos Besar, 01007 Kangar, Perlis
Malaysia

Email: [email protected]
Tel: +6049798450

Abstract

Laboratory workplace must be safe and conducive for all workers to work.
Workers in chemical laboratories or are designated as Chemical Technologist and
Technicians are exposed to lots of hazards. In some the hazards are well
recognized. Where hazards are recognized, precautionary measures can be taken.
Thus, all workers need to be aware of the issues that have an effect on their health
and safety at the workplace. Accidents at the workplace happen due to various
reasons i.e. from laboratory facilities to nature of work.

Consequently in order to ensure a safety, healthy and a favorable working

environment, proper safety procedures at the workplace must devise and adhere
to. At this juncture, both the employer and employees ought to be well-informed
of some of the laws which have bearing on laboratory safety such as the
“Occupational Safety and Health (Use and Standards of Exposure of Chemicals
Hazardous to Health) Regulations 2000, Occupational Safety and Health
(Classification, Packaging and Labeling of Hazardous Chemicals) Regulation
1997 and Environmental Quality Act, 1974 vis-à-vis the Environmental Quality
(Scheduled Wastes) (Amendment) Regulations 2007”.

This paper aim to inform the employers and the laboratory worker on the relevant
laws and the safety practices which is common to all laboratory operators. It is
hope that this guideline should help to avoid accidents at the workplace.

Keywords: safety and health, laws, general safety requirements

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1.0 Introduction

All workers irrespective whether they are part time staff, contractual staff or
permanent staff needs to be aware of the issues that have an effect on their health
and safety at the workplace. On the same note, all workers have a right to work in
the workplace where risk to their health and safety are properly controlled. The
obligation to ensure these situations exist lies with the employer. However both
the workers and the employers have a legal responsibility to look after health and
safety at the workplace.

Workplace safety and health laws establish regulations designed primarily to

eliminate personal injuries and at the same time preventing it to reoccur at the
workplace. The main statute protecting health and safety of workers at the
workplace in Malaysia is the Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 (Act 514).
The Act was promulgated based on the philosophy of self-regulations with the
primary responsibility of ensuring safety and health at the workplace lying with
those who create the risk and work with the risk.

Apart from the OSHA 1994, there is the Environmental Quality Act 1974 with its
subsidiary legislation “ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY (SCHEDULED
WASTES) (AMENDMENT) REGULATIONS 2007” which deals with chemical
waste disposal and waste classification. Both the employer and employees ought
to focus towards all these mention laws so as to ensure the safety, health and
welfare of all persons at the workplace.

2.0 Aim

The objective of this paper is to:

a. Highlight the relevant laws to ensure the safety, health and welfare
of all persons at the workplace.
b. Present and to emphasize General Safety Requirements for
working in the laboratory.

3.0 Overview of the Paper

The paper will discuss the topic of laboratory safety guideline by looking into the
macro and micro aspect. On the macro aspect the paper will discuss on the laws at
the workplace especially the Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 and The
Environmental Quality (Scheduled Waste) Regulations 2007. On the micro aspect
the paper will discuss on procedures and general safety requirement for working
in the laboratory.

Does working in a laboratory environment not dangerous or save? What are the
hazards that are found in the laboratory? What are the relevant laws and general

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safety requirement must both the employer and employee ought to be acquainted
with? All these queries will be answered consequently.

4.0 Profiles of the Laboratory Employees

Laboratory Employees or are designated as Chemical Technologist and

Technicians can be found in many sectors of the industries which is specifies in
Schedule 1 of the Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994. Some examples or
designation use in industries for Laboratory Employees are chemical laboratory
analyst, chemical analyst, chemical research technician, chemical technologist,
chemical technician, chemical engineering technologist, chemical engineering
technician, laboratory technician, chemical, laboratory technologist, chemical,
geochemical technician, quality control technician, chemical processing,
biochemistry technologist, quality control technician, food processing, laboratory
technician, biochemistry, analytical technician, chemical, food technologist
etcetera.

4.1 Profile of Chemical Technologists

Generally the nature of the work of a Chemical Technologist and Technicians is

that they may work independently or provide technical support in chemical
engineering, chemical and biochemical research and analysis, industrial
chemistry, chemical quality control and environmental monitoring etcetera. They
can be employed in various employment field or areas. They are employed by
research and development laboratories, by quality control laboratories, by
consulting engineering companies, by chemical, petrochemical, pharmaceutical
and a variety of other manufacturing and processing industries, and by utilities,
health, education and government establishments.

Depending on the work they embark on, generally the main duties of Chemical
Technologist and Technicians is that they set up and carry out chemical
experiments, tests and analyses using a variety of techniques such as
chromatography, spectroscopy, physical and chemical separation techniques, and
microscopy. In addition they operate and maintain laboratory equipment and
apparatus which include the preparation of solutions, reagents and sample
formulations. They too compile records, interpret experimental or analytical
results, and develop and conduct programs of sampling and analysis to maintain
quality standards of raw materials, chemical intermediates and products.

They also assist in the development of chemical engineering processes, in studies

of chemical engineering procurement, construction, inspection and maintenance,
and in the development of standards, procedures and health and safety measures.
Further, they operate experimental chemical or petrochemical pilot plants and
assist in the design and fabrication of experimental apparatus.

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4.2 Profile of Chemical Technicians

Chemical Technicians assist in the setting up of and conducting of chemical

experiments, tests and analyses. They too operate and maintain laboratory
equipment and apparatus, prepare solutions, reagents and sample formulations.
They also compile records for analytical studies where it is applicable. They also
assist in developing and conducting programs of sampling and analysis to
maintain quality standards. Where it is applicable, they perform a limited range of
other technical functions in support of chemical research, tests and analyses.

4.3 Working environment of Chemical Technologists and Technicians

Both the Chemical Technologists and Technicians work under a wide variety of
conditions indoors, often in laboratories, with scientific equipment, and have
regular and some time work irregular hours to observe experiments that could not
be finished for the duration of normal working hours. Due to the nature of work
these Chemical Technologists and Technicians are exposed to hazardous
conditions and toxic chemicals. Nonetheless, all the associated risk at the
workplace can be control if proper safety procedures are adhere. At this juncture,
in order to ensure a safety, healthy and conducive working conditions both the
employer and employees ought to be well-informed of some of the laws mention
beneath:
4.3.1 Occupational Safety and Health (Use and Standards of Exposure of
Chemicals Hazardous to Health) Regulations 2000
4.3.2 Occupational Safety and Health (Classification, Packaging and
Labeling of Hazardous Chemicals) Regulation 1997.
4.3.3 Environmental Quality Act, 1974 vis-à-vis the Environmental
Quality (Scheduled Wastes) (Amendment) Regulations 2007.

5.0 Statistic of Accident at Workplace

Statistic from SOCSO indicates that there are 578,390 registered employers with
11,155,232 registered workers or employees. However the numbers of active
registered workers in are 4,882,9531.

Statistics at Table 1 from SOCSO from 2001 to 2005 indicate that there are
371,8512 reported industrial accidents at the workplace. However in 2005 there
are 61,182 reported accidents at the workplace. Over that period a high rate of
industrial accident was said to occur in Manufacturing Sector. From this figure
587 are fatal and 17 death. The cause of an industrial accident is easy to identify
which are often caused by negligence on the part of the employer or the
employee. The employer may not have provided adequate worker training, or a
supplier who gave the wrong information about a product, etc. while the
employee does not abide to the requirement of wearing protected personal

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PERKESO
2
Statistics PERKESO 2001 – 2005

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equipment provided. The high fatal accident rates emphasize the need for
occupational health and safety education programmes that focus on prevention.

Statistics of Accident at the Workplace 2001 – 2005

Cases Reported
INDUSTRY/YEAR
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Total
1. Agriculture, Forestry and
12,424 9,456 6,947 5,644 3,734 38,250
Fishing
2. Mining and Quarrying 573 545 536 533 459 2,646
3. Manufacturing. 35,642 33,523 29,780 26,690 23,350 148,985
4.Utilities – Electricity; Gas;
Water; and Sanitary 442 516 510 496 465 2,429
Services
5. Construction 4,593 5,015 4,654 4,445 3,948 22,655
6.Wholesale and Retail
13,774 13,685 13,395 12,948 11,930 65,732
Trade
7.Transport, Storage and
4,382 4,439 4,104 4,151 3,643 20,719
Communications
8.Finance, Insurance, Real
Estate and Business 602 567 572 605 581 2,927
Services
9. Hotels and Restaurants 5,950 5,924 5,617 5,295 4,570 27,356
10. Public Services and
7,487 8,140 7,743 8,325 8,502 40,197
Statutory Authorities
Total 85,869 81,810 73,858 69,132 61,182 371,851

Table 1: Statistics of Accident at the Workplace 2001 – 2005

Source: PERKESO

5.1 Number of Accidents Cause by Materials, Substances and Radiations

Number of accidents by cause for year 2005 is as shown Appendix 1. The

workplace which is classified into accidents which are caused by:

5.2.1 Machines
5.2.2 Means of transport and lifting equipment
5.2.3 Other equipment
5.2.4 Materials, substances and radiations
5.2.5 Working environment
5.2.6 Other agencies not elsewhere classified

On the same note, the number of fatal accidents which the “accident agent” is
“Materials, Substances and Radiations” is 4,727 reported cases as shown in Table
2. The figures indicate accidents at the workplace cause by Laboratory
Employees are 7.73% “The occupational accident rate is considered small as
compared to the total number of the occupational accident for the whole country.

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NUMBER OF ACCIDENTS CAUSE BY MATERIALS, SUBSTANCES AND RADIATIONS – 2005

Laboratory Employees
NO. OF CASES PERM. DIS DEATH
PARTICULARS
REPORTED CASES CASES
1. Explosives 13 4 2
2. Dusts, gases, liquids and
chemicals excluding explosives
a. Dusts 132 12 0
b. Gases, vapors, fumes 15 2 0
c. Liquids not elsewhere 92 4 1
classified
d. Chemicals not elsewhere
124 22 1
classified
e. Others 171 19 0
3. Flying fragments 478 36 7
4. Radiations
a. Ionizing radiations 10 0 0
b. Others 5 1 0
5. Other materials and substances
3,687 487 6
not elsewhere classified
Total 4,727 587 17

Table 2: Number of Accidents Cause by Materials, Substances and Radiations – 2005

The statistics indicate that the number of accidents due to Materials, Substances
and Radiations are small. Although this is the prevailing situations, however with
intensified actions on the part of the employers and employees, accidents cause by
the aforesaid agents may further be reduce.

6.0 Laws at the Workplace

There are several different laws which deal with worker at the workplace such as
the Employment Act, Industrial Relation Act, SOSCO Act, Factories and
Machinery Act etcetera. However, the Occupational Safety and Health Act
(OSHA) 1994 endower to promote stimulate and encourage high standards of
safety and health at work. While Environmental Quality Act, 1974 vis-à-vis the
Environmental Quality (Scheduled Wastes) (Amendment) Regulations 2007 deals
with disposal of waste.

The OSH Act 1994 define “persons at work" to include all sectors of the industry
listed in Schedule 1 of the OSHA 1994. On the other hand there is the specific
regulation specific for controlling chemicals at the workplace that is “Use
Standard of Exposure of Chemical Hazardous to Health (USECHH) Regulations
2000” and “The Classification, Packaging and Labeling (CPL) Regulations
1997”.

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6.1 Use and Standard of Exposure of Chemical Hazardous to Health
(USECHH) Regulations 2000

The USECHH Regulations came into effect beginning April 4, 2000. They apply
to all places of work where chemicals or preparations hazardous to health are
produced, processed, handled, stored, transported, disposed and treated. The
USECHH regulation includes the provision of chemical health risk assessor
(CHRA), occupational health doctor (OHD) and industrial hygiene technician to
perform their respective roles in assessing the health risk from chemical exposure.
For further reading refer to Appendix 2.

6.2 The Classification, Packaging and Labeling (CPL) Regulations 1997.

The CPL regulation required proper packaging and labeling of chemicals by the
supplier including the label giving risk phrases. A further detail on CPL
Regulation 2000 is at Appendix 3.

6.3 Environmental Quality Act, 1974 vis-à-vis the Environmental Quality

(Scheduled Wastes) (Amendment) Regulations 2007. The regulation require
waste generator to notify the generation of scheduled waste, disposed scheduled
waste. Before disposal waste generator should store scheduled waste in proper
container. For further reading refer to Appendix 3.

7.0 General Safety Guideline

“The Government has introduced guidelines for occupational safety and health in
dental laboratories, outlining critical steps that need to be observed. The guidelines
listed the basic facilities and equipment needed to ensure safety in dental
laboratories. Dental technicians, like other healthcare professionals, were exposed to
health risks and hazards at their workplace. There were about 1,048 dental technicians
serving 2,392 dental practitioners in the public and private sectors. Was one dental
technician for every 23,258 Malaysians, which compared less favorably with
developed countries.”

(Chua Jui Meng, The Star, 8 September 2003)

In discussing on the subject matter of general safety requirement in laboratory, the

practice of University Malaysia Perlis in managing it laboratories will be used as
a guide. The University Malaysia Perlis, a 17th public university is located in
Perlis. There are 14 programmes leading Bachelor Engineering, 6 programmes
leading to Diploma and 11 postgraduate programmes leading to MSc and PhD.
Laboratory intensive activities are conducted in well equipped laboratories and at
School of Environmental Engineering is concerned with the application

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7.1 Laboratory Safety Guideline

People who work in laboratories are exposed to many kinds of hazards when
involving chemicals especially. However, it should be noted that all chemical
substances are hazardous in some way or another and thus must be regarded as
potentially dangerous materials. This call for a procedure to be work out to ensure
safety at the workplace.

7.2 Guideline working in the laboratory alone

“Working alone is defined as, “those work situations where an employee is not
directly supervised and, in the event of critical injury, health impairment,
victimization, or other foreseeable life-threatening emergency, assistance is not
readily available”. This includes work during regular business hours when the
worker is in a secluded area3.”

At University Malaysia Perlis, the laboratory supervisor is responsible to assure

that all laboratory workers are trained in the specific guidelines to minimize the
chance of injury, loss of research materials or property damage from this
circumstance. The laboratory supervisor is also responsible for determining
whether the work requires special precautions, such as having two people in the
same room for particular operations.

Those individuals who choose to work alone after hours must take responsibility
for ensuring someone knows that they are working alone in a known location and
that they know what to do in an emergency situation.

7.3 Before You Commence Working in the Laboratory

Every laboratory worker should observe the following rules:

1. Identify the probable hazards and suitable safety precautions prior to

commencement of work. Raise and be able to response to the
following queries:
o What are the hazards?
o What are the most terrible effects that may perhaps occur?
o What have I to do to be geared up?
o What procedure, facilities or personal protective equipment are
needed to reduce the risk?

3
(www.physics.uoguelph.ca/~wjt/safety/wap.pdf )

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 2. Be familiar with the place and how to make use of emergency
equipment, including safety showers and eyewash stations.
3. Be familiar with the emergency response procedures, facility alarms
and building evacuation routes.
4. Identify the types of personal protective equipment available and
how to use them.
5. Report of unsafe conditions and convey them to the attention of your
supervisor or lab manager immediately so that improvement can be
made.
6. Prevent release of toxic fumes by following waste disposal
procedures.
7. Position and clamp reaction apparatus so as to allow handling with
no need to move the apparatus until the total reaction is finished

7.4 General Work Practices

The safety procedure will be focus on:-

• General Rules of Safety
• Personal Hygiene
• Housekeeping
• Handling Glassware

7.4.1 General Rules of Safety

1. No employee is permitted to carry out nonstandard activities such as

running, jumping, or horseplay in laboratory areas.
2. No employee is to work alone in a laboratory or a chemical storage
area undertaking task that is considered hazardous by the laboratory
supervisor or safety officer.
3. All Spills of liquid although in quantity must be cleaned instantly to
avoid contact with skin or clothing.
4. Lifting of weighty things must be carrying out in the correct manner.
6. Every one must ensure the laboratory is clean after work is
completed.

7.4.2 Personal Hygiene

1. Do not drink, eat, smoke, or apply cosmetics in the laboratory or

chemical storage areas.
2. Never use ice from laboratory ice machines for beverages Wash
quickly with a lot of water each time a chemical have makes contact
with the skin.
3. Proper foot protection shoes to be worn by laboratory personnel.

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 4. Proper clothing which offers protection from splashes and spills,
easily removable in case of accident and fire resistant should be
worn in the laboratory.
5. Laboratory clothing should always be kept clean and to be replaced
as and when required.
6. Lab coats, respirators, or other protective gear are not to be worn
outside the laboratory and must be left in the lab areas when not in
use.
7. "Sniff-testing" of chemicals should not be done.
8. Always use a bulb to pipette chemicals.

7.4.3 Housekeeping

The subsequent listing of good housekeeping practices which are common sense
activities should be practice in the laboratory to avoid accident:

1. The area must be kept as clean as the work allows.

2. Each laboratory employee must be responsible for maintaining the
cleanliness of his/her area.
3. Reagents and equipment items must be return to their appropriate
place after use.
4. Chemicals in particular liquids must not at all be store up on the
floor. The materials must be stored in cabinet and large bottle
should not be place above the bench top.
5. Reagents, solutions, glassware, or other apparatus should not be
store up in hoods.
6. Counter tops should be kept neat and clean. Bench tops and fume
hoods shall not be used for chemical storage.
7. Stored items, equipment, and glass tubing must not protrude past the
front of shelf or counter limits.
8. Stored items or equipment must not obstruct access to the fire
extinguisher(s), safety equipment, or other emergency items.
9. Stairways, hallways, passageways and access to emergency
equipment and/or exits must not be obstructed with any equipment
etc.
10. All working surfaces and floors should be cleaned regularly.
11. All containers must be labeled with as a minimum the identity of the
contents and the hazards those chemicals present to users.

7.4.4 Handling Glassware

1. Only glass in good condition should be used so as to avoid injury in

laboratories.
2. Hand protection should be used when picking up broken glass.

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 3. When using glass tubing, all ends should be fire polished. Lubricate
tubing with glycerin or water before inserting into rubber stoppers or
rubber tubing.
4. Use leather gloves to protect hand when inserting glass tubing.
5. Do not store glassware near the edge of shelves.
6. Do not attempt to catch glassware if it is dropped or knocked over.

7.5 Chemical Storage

For achieving employee safety, the proper chemical storage guidelines are as
follows:

1. Every chemical in the laboratory must have a definite storage place

and should be returned to that location after each use.
2. Storage must also take into consideration of chemical compatibility
and must be stored separately.
3. Adequate containment for spills and accidental releases must be
provided.
4. Hazardous chemicals should never be stored on the floor.
5. Utilize a suitable container for experiments, stored chemicals and
collected wastes.
6. Containers storing chemical waste must be inspected regularly for
any sign of chemical leakage.
7. Caps and covers for containers must be firmly in place whenever the
container is not in immediate use.
8. Labeling must appear on cabinets and room doors at approximately
waist level or lower to allow adequate visualizations.
10. All containers used for storage must be labeled.
11. Flammable liquids must not be stored in laboratory.
13. Storage locations must be identified on an emergency floor plan
posted in each work area and should be equipped with a fire
extinguisher, spill kit, eye wash, first aid kit, and telephone or other
communication system to allow for adequate emergency notification.
14. Small quantities of chemicals can be held at individual work stations
if this quantity is to be promptly used in a test and does not
compromise acceptable ambient organic vapor levels or procedures
for spill control and fire safety. These containers must be properly
labeled.
15. Out-of-date chemicals must be disposed of on a periodic basis.

7.6 Chemical Disposal

There are a number of requirements to be full filled in the disposal of chemical

substances, whether contaminated or excess stocks or experimental residues. It is
the duty of every individual to ensure that their chemicals are disposed in

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accordance with the Environmental Quality Act 1974 with its subsidiary
legislation “Environmental Quality (Scheduled Wastes) Regulations 2007”

According to First Scheduled Environmental Quality (Schedule Waste)

Regulation 2007) (Appendix 4), 77 categories of toxic and hazardous wastes have
been classified as ‘scheduled wastes’. Examples of scheduled wastes are spent
acid and alkaline, lubricating oil, printing ink, batteries, solvents, benzene,
cyanide waste, pesticides, chromate waste, etc. The law requires the treating and
disposing off at facilities approved by the authorities. Kualiti Alam Sdn. Bhd. is
designated by the government to provide an off-site facility for treatment and
disposal of scheduled wastes in Peninsular Malaysia.

At University Malaysia Perlis, Safety and Health Unit is responsible for

coordinating with Kualiti Alam Sdn. Bhd. according to the pickup of waste
chemical substances from generating departments to Kualiti Alam Sdn. Bhd. The
following procedures apply to any chemical substances generated from University
operations (including laboratories, administrative units, and physical plant
operations) that are classified as hazardous based on the criteria described below.

7.6.1 Packaging of Chemical Waste Containers

1. Place hazardous waste in sealable containers.

2. The container should not react with the waste being stored (e.g. no
hydrofluoric acid in glass). Similar wastes may be mixed if they are
compatible (e.g. non-halogenated solvents).
3. Whenever possible, wastes from incompatible hazard classes should
not be mixed (e.g. organic solvents with oxidizers). Certain metals
also cause disposal problems when mixed with flammable liquids or
other organic liquids (see Fourth Schedule Environmental Quality
(Schedule Waste) Regulation 2007)
4. Containers must be kept closed except during actual transfers. Do
not leave a hazardous waste container with a funnel in it

7.6.2 Labeling of Chemical Waste Containers

1. Containers containing hazardous waste must be labeled with the

words HAZARDOUS WASTE along with the names of the principal
chemical constituents.
2. Do not use chemical formulas, chemical symbols, chemical
equations or abbreviations.
3. Indicate the physical and/or health hazards of the substance, if
known.
4. Remove or obliterate any other labels or wordings not related to the
current substance.

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 5. Do not allow the creation of "UNKNOWNS" through lack of secure
readable labeling.

7.6.3 Storage

Waste chemicals must be stored in the same manner and using the same
procedures as other chemicals. It may be advantageous to further segregate
chemical waste. A typical segregation of waste chemicals shouid be:

Typical Segregation Of Waste Chemicals

• acids
• caustics
• chlorinated solvents
• non-chlorinated solvents
• mercury wastes
• oxidizing agents
• PCB wastes
• reactive chemicals
• waste oil
• wastes with heavy metal contamination
-
Table 3: Typical Segregation Of Waste Chemicals

These chemicals must be accumulated in separate containers and need to be

isolated from one another to some degree, at least to the extent that spills or leaks
would remain isolated from other containers. This is particularly true of acids,
bases, and solvents.

7.6.4 Disposal Procedure

1. At Universiti Malaysia Perlis. all department has to complete the Waste

Disposal Request Form and send to the Safety and Health Unit for pick-up
arrangement of the chemical waste by Kualiti Alam Sdn. Bhd. (See
Appendix 5)

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 2. The chemical wastes must have the proper packaging and labeling
according to the guideline standard as mention aforesaid provided by
Kualiti Alam Sdn. Bhd.
3. Safety and Health Unit (SHU) will inform the detail of date and time of
pick-up after received the confirmation from Kualiti Alam Sdn. Bhd. to
the relevant school or laboratory.

7.7 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

PPE should be worm by laboratory worker. As a guide the PPE for protection
required for protection required against hazardous materials can be addressed
based on the risk and parts of the body to be protected or where contact can take
place viz the head protection, face or eye protection, respiratory system
protection, body protection, hand protection and leg/feet protection. The risk and
the suggested PPE associated with hazardous materials to be worn are
summarized at Table 14.

Area of
Risks Examples of Protection
Exposure
Head Splashes, chemical burns, skin
Helmet, bump cap, face shield
absorption
Face/Eyes
Chemical burns, splashes, irritation, Face shield, goggles, and safety
skin or eye absorption spectacles.
Respiratory Breathing in atmospheric
Air purifying respirator. Supplied
System contaminant. Respiratory irritation.
Air Respirator
asphyxiation
Body Chemical burns, dermatitis, Skin Hazardous chemical suit, apron,
absorption long sleeve shirt
Hands Chemical burns, dermatitis, skin
Chemical resistance gloves
absorption
Legs and Feet
Chemical burns, skin absorption Safety footwear, leggings

Table 1. Risks Associated With Hazardous Materials

7.8 Laboratories Environment

In conclusion laboratories should be design to provide a favorable working

environment for the laboratory employees. The basic laboratory must take into
considerations the following:

1. Good lighting with emergency lighting as well.

2. Ensuring floor plan (floors, stairways, aisles) that is efficient,
convenient and safe.

4
Guideline on the Use of Personal Protective Equipment Against Chemical Hazard, Department
of Occupational Safety and Health, Ministry of Human Resources, 2005 Page 14

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 3. Egress
4. Ventilation, Indoor Air Quality, Heating and Cooling
5. Chemical Storage
6. Safety showers and Eyewash fountains
7. Sinks
8. Sanitation facilities, lunch and break areas
9. Telephone
10. Fire Protection

8.0 Recommendations for Improvements

Based on the discussion aforesaid, to enhance the safe and healthy workplace the
following measures are suggested:

a. Intensification of drive to enhance awareness and education programs

on safety and health at workplace by the employer towards employees.
b. Intensification of drive to propagate and instill awareness on laws at
workplace, chemical hazards through Special training courses for
employees at workplace.
c. Establishment of a close cooperation with universities and other
related agencies in not only chemical safety but in other areas. . The
following officers of the office of the Occupational Safety and Health
Unit, University Malaysia Perlis can be contact for further discussion:

Name of Officers Contact Address

Numbers
Lt Kol (B) Azuddin bin 012 4335060 Unit Keselamatan dan
Bahari Kesihatan Pekerjaan (UKKP),
Cik Hanum bt Hassan 04-9798450 Unitversiti Malaysia Perlis,
En Norazam bin Abd Rashid 04-9798411 Jalan Bukit Lagi,
Puan Faridah bt Wahab 04-9798354 01000 Kangar, Perlis
Puan Rusnani bt Omar 04-9798347

9.0 Conclusions

In virtually every manufacturing industry, workers are exposed to chemical

hazards. Chemicals hazards are there in the work process from raw materials to
products or by products and waste or in various activities such as transfer, storage,
handling and use in the workplace and waste disposal. The likely hazards related
with these chemicals are flammable, explosive or toxic properties etcetera.

Hazard related to the handling of chemicals can be eliminated or minimized

through a comprehensive chemical safety programmes. Workers have to be

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trained and well-informed on various aspects for example on the first-aid and
emergency procedures, the use and care of personal protective equipment, effects
of exposure to contaminants, the ways to preventing or minimizing exposure to
hazards and etc.

In conclusion, I and my colleague from the Occupational Safety and Health Unit,
University Malaysia Perlis hopes to have a more closer liaison and cooperation
with the industries and to share its knowledge with the industries and other
institutions in not only chemical safety but in other areas as well

Reference:

1. Occupational Safety and Health (Use and Standards of Exposure of

Chemicals Hazardous to Health) Regulations 2000.

2. Occupational Safety and Health (Classification, Packaging and Labeling

of Hazardous Chemicals) Regulations 1997

3. Guideline on the Use of Personal Protective Equipment Against Chemical

Hazard, Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Ministry of
Human Resources, 2005

4. Environmental Quality (Scheduled Waste) Regulations 2007

5. The Star, 8 September 2003

6. www.physics.uoguelph.ca/~wjt/safety/wap.pdf

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 Appendix 1
NUMBER OF ACCIDENTS BY CAUSE OF ACCIDENTS – 2005

NO. OF CASES PERMANENT DEATH

ACCIDENT AGENT
REPORTED DISABILITY CASES CASES

A. MACHINES
1. Prime-mowers, except electrical
motors
a. Steam engines 7 1 0

b. Internal combustion engines 6 1 1

c. Others 652 113 1

2. Transmission machinery
a. Transmission shafts 8 0 0
b. Transmission belts, cables, pulleys,
38 13 1
pinions, chains, gears
c. Others 137 16 0
3. Metalworking machines
a. Power presses 121 31 0
b. Lathes 25 7 0
c. Milling machines 28 17 0
d. Abrasive wheels 14 4 0
e. Mechanical shears 85 16 0
f. Forging machines 28 3 1
g. Rolling-mills 148 33 0
h. Others 2773 488 2
4. Wood and assimilated machines
a. Circular saws 107 30 1
b. Other saws 97 23 0
c. Molding machines 159 36 0
d. Overhand planes 10 0 0
e. Others 1201 136 2
5. Agricultural machines

a. Reapers (including combine reapers) 75 2 0

b. Threshers 2 1 0
c. Others 403 32 1
6. Mining machinery
a. Under-cutters 94 7 0
b. Others 265 49 2
7. Other machines not elsewhere
classified
a. Earth-moving machines, excavating
and scraping machines, except means of 20 4 1
transport
b. Spinning, weaving and other textile
148 6 0
machines

24
 c. Machines for the manufacture of
92 23 0
foodstuffs and beverages
d. Machines for the manufacture of
61 9 1
paper
e. Printing machines 25 5 0
f. Others 1519 336 4

B. MEANS OF TRANSPORT AND LIFTING EQUIPMENT

1. Lifting machines and appliances

a. Cranes 43 11 0
b. Lifts and elevators 6 1 2
c. Winches 4 1 0
d. Pulley blocks 15 3 0
e. Others 155 47 0
2. Means of rail transport
a. Inter-urban railways 4 0 0
b. Rail transport in mines, tunnels,
1 0 0
quarries,

industrial establishments, docks, etc.

c. Others 126 19 1
3. Other wheeled means of transport,
excluding rail
transport
a. Tractors 11 21 6
b. Lorries 1256 199 31
c. Trucks 27 3 1
d. Motor vehicles, not elsewhere
14132 3125 456
classified
e. Animal-drawn vehicles 46 4 1
f. Hand-drawn vehicles 30 7 0
g. Others 2006 362 34
4. Means of air transport 3 2 0
5. Means of water transport

a. Motorized means of water transport 400 106 14

b. Non-motorized means of water

5 1 0
transport
6. Other means of transport
a. Cable-cars 0 1 0
b. Mechanical conveyors, except
38 6 0
cable-cars
c. Others 66 15 1
C. OTHER EQUIPMENT
1. Pressure vessels
a. Boilers 32 2 0
b. Pressurized container 7 2 0
c. Pressurized piping and accessories 27 1 0
d. Gas cylinders 17 1 0

25
 e. Caissons, diving equipment 1 0 0
f. Others 177 26 0
2. Furnaces, ovens, kilns
a. Blast furnaces 4 1 0
b. Refining furnaces 0 0 0
c. Other furnaces 13 3 0
d. Kilns 7 1 0
e. Ovens 6 1 0
3. Refrigerating plants 164 5 3
4. Refrigerating installations, including
electric motors, but excluding electric
hand tool
a. Rotating machines 16 2 0
b. Conductors 1 0 0
c. Transformers 1 0 0
d. Control apparatus 1 0 0
e. Others 18 1 0
5. Electric hand tools 39 11 4
6. Tools, implements and appliances,
except electric hand tools
a. Power-driven hand tools, except 54 11 0
electric hand tools

b. Hand tools, not power-driven 447 35 0

c. Others 1643 185 2

7. Ladders, mobile ramps 270 50 1
8. Scaffolding 10 10 0
9. Other equipment, not elsewhere
1551 150 21
classified

D. MATERIALS, SUBSTANCES AND RADIATIONS

1. Explosives 13 4 2
2. Dusts, gases, liquids and chemicals,
excluding explosives
a. Dusts 132 12 0
b. Gases, vapors, fumes 15 2 0
c. Liquids not elsewhere classified 92 4 1
d. Chemicals not elsewhere classified 124 22 1
e. Others 171 19 0
3. Flying fragments 478 36 7
4. Radiations
a. Ionizing radiations 10 0 0
b. Others 5 1 0
5. Other materials and substances not
3687 487 6
elsewhere classified
E. WORKING ENVIRONMENT
1. Outdoor
a. Weather 11 0 1
b. Traffic and working surfaces 2816 406 31

26
 c. Water 41 1 0
d. Others 2288 345 11
2. Indoor
a. Floors 1037 122 1
b. Confined quarters 24 12 0
c. Stairs 546 67 1
d. Other traffic and working surfaces 4339 289 4
e. Floor openings and wall openings 107 19 1
f. Environmental factors (lighting,
105 21 0
ventilation, temperature, noise, etc.)
g. Others 9387 1340 26
3. Underground
a. Roofs and faces of mine roads and
12 2 0
tunnels, etc.
b. Floors of mine roads and tunnels,
12 2 0
etc.
c. Working faces of mines, tunnels,
144 43 1
etc.
d. Mine shafts 2 0 0
e. Fire 20 2 0
f. Water 13 0 0
g. Others 35 4 0

F. OTHER AGENCIES, NOT ELSEWHERE CLASSIFIED

1. Animals
a. Live animals 217 17 1
b. Animal products 6 0 0
2. Other agencies, not elsewhere
1711 213 12
classified
G. AGENCIES NOT CLASSIFIED
2357 141 4
FOR LACK OF SUFFICIENT DATA
TOTAL 61185 9507 710

27
 Appendix 2

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH

ACT 1994
THE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (USE AND STANDARDS OF EXPOSURE OF
CHEMICALS HAZARDOUS TO HEALTH) REGUALTIONS 2000

INTRODUCTION

The Occupational Safety and Health (Use and Standards of Exposure of Chemicals Hazardous to
Health) Regulations 2000 is the sixth set of regulations make under the Occupational Safety and Health Act
1994 (ACT 514).

The purpose of the Regulations is to provide a legal framework for the employer to control
chemicals which are hazardous to health with respect to their use and to set workplace exposure standards so
as to protect the health of employees and other persons at the place of work.

The Regulations clearly stipulate the responsibility of the employer (including the self-employed
person), in respect of his employees and any other persons, so far as is practicable to protect their safety and
health from being affected by chemicals hazardous to health.

The duties of the employer stipulated under these Regulations are:

♦ Identification of chemicals hazardous to health

♦ Complying with the permissible exposure limits.
♦ Conducting chemical health risk assessment.
♦ Taking action to control hazardous exposure.
♦ Labeling and relabeling chemicals hazardous to health.
♦ Providing information, instruction and training.
♦ Monitoring employee exposure at the place of work.
♦ Conducting health surveillance.
♦ Posting of warning signs
♦ Record keeping

APPLICATION
These Regulations shall apply to all places of work (which are within the jurisdiction of the Act)
where chemicals hazardous to health are used, expect chemicals that are:
♦ Defined as radioactive materials under the Atomic Energy Licensing Act 1984.
♦ Foodstuffs.
♦ Hazardous to health solely by virtue of their explosive or flammable properties, or solely
because they are at a high or low temperature or a high pressure.
♦ Pharmaceutical products.

A CHEMICAL HAZARDOUS TO HEALTH

A chemical hazardous to health is a chemical that:
♦ Is listed in schedule I or II to these regulations.
♦ Possesses any of the properties categorized in part B of Schedule I of the CPL
Regulation. (P.U. (A) 143/97).
♦ Comes within the definition of “pesticide” under the Pesticides Act 1974.
♦ Is listed in the First Schedule of the Environment Quality (Schedule Wastes) Regulations,
1989.

28
IDENTIFICATION OF CHEMICALS HAZARDOUS TO HEALTH
All chemicals used at the place of work shall be identified and recorded in a register by the
employer. The register shall be accessible to all employees at the place of work who may be affected by the
chemicals.
The chemical register shall contain:
♦ A list of all chemicals hazardous to health used.
♦ Health used.
♦ A current CSDS for each of the chemical.
♦ The following information.
♦ Average quantity used, produced or stored per month or per year for each chemical.
a) The process and work area where the chemical is used.
b) Name and address of supplier of each chemical.

PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT

Employer shall ensure that no person is exposed or likely to be exposed to any chemical hazardous
to health:
♦ above the ceiling limit at any time: or
♦ above the eight-hour time-weighted average airborne concentration.

Specified for that chemical in schedule 1 of the Regulations, or above the maximum exposure limit
during the work shift.

ASSESSMENT OF RISK TO HEALTH

Assessment of risk to health shall be carried out by a register assessor. The assessment shall contain
the following;
♦ The potential risk to an employee as a result of exposure to chemicals hazardous to health.
♦ The methods and procedure adopted in the use of chemicals hazardous to health.
♦ The nature of the hazard to health.
♦ The degree of exposure to such chemicals.
♦ The risk to health created by their use and their release from work processes.
♦ Measures and procedures required to control the exposure of an employee to chemicals
hazardous to health.
♦ The measures, procedures, and equipment necessary to control any accidental emission of a
chemical hazardous to health as a result of leakage, spllage, or process or equipment
failure.
♦ The necessity for an employee exposure monitoring programme.
♦ The necessity for a health surveillance program.
♦ The necessity for a health surveillance programme.
♦ The requirement for training and retraining of employees.

ACTION TO CONTROL EXPOSURE

Within 1 (one) month of receiving the assessment report from the assessor, the employer shall take
action to control exposure as recommended by the assessor. This may include changes in work processes,
practices, procedures, or plant or engineering control equipment to reduce the exposure level to the lowest
practicable level.

LABELLING AND RELABELLING

Every employer must ensure that all hazardous chemicals supplied or purchased and all containers
in use at the place of work are properly labeled.

29
INFORMATION, INSTRUCTION AND TRAINING
The employer shall provide information, instruction and training to all employees who may be
exposed or is likely to be exposed to a hazardous chemical. From the information, instruction and training
given, the employee should be able to know:
♦ The risk to health created by such exposure.
♦ The precaution that should be taken.

MONITORING OF EXPOSURE AT THE PLACE OF WORK

Employer shall ensure the monitoring of employee exposure to chemicals hazardous to health is
conducted by a registered hygiene technician when:
♦ An assessment of risk to health indicate that monitoring is required; or
♦ The monitoring is required to ensure the maintenance of adequate control of exposure.

HEALTH SURVEILLANCE
The employer shall carry out a health surveillance programme of employees exposed or likely to be
exposed to chemicals hazardous to health.

MEDICAL REMOVAL PROTECTION

The employer shall not permit an employee to be engaged in and shall remove him or her from any
work if:
♦ The employee has a detected medical condition that places him at increased risk of material
impairment to health from exposure to chemicals hazardous to health.
♦ The employee becomes pregnant
♦ The employee is breast feeding a child.

WARNING SIGN
When a chemical hazardous to health is used in any area in any manner that is hazardous to the
health of any person who may be in that area or who may be or is likely to be at risk of being affected by the
chemical hazardous to health, the employer shall ensure that:
♦ Warning signs are posted at a conspicuous place at every entrance of the area to warn
persons entering the area of the hazards.
♦ Other relevant information are given to persons who may be or are likely to be at risk of being
affected by the chemical hazardous to health.

PENALTY
Any person who contravenes any provision of these regulations shall be guilty of an offence and,
on conviction, be liable to a fine not exceeding RM10,000 (ten thousand ringgit) or to imprisonment for a
term not exceeding one year or to both, and in the case of a continuing offence, to a fine not exceeding
RM1000 (one thousand ringgit) for each day or part of a day during which the offence continues after
conviction.

30
 Appendix 3
Summary of Occupational Safety & Health
(Classification, Packaging and labelling of Hazardous Chemicals) Regulations 1997

1. CPL (Classification, Packaging and Labelling) of Hazardous Chemicals Regulations 1997 came in
force 15th April 1997
2. "Supplier" is a person who includes a formulator, a manufacturer, an importer or a distributor
3. A chemical in hazardous based on:
• Physiochemical properties (part A of scheduled I) i.e. explosive, oxidizing, extremely
flammable, highly flammable or flammable or
• Its health effects (Part B of scheduled 1) i.e. harmful, corrosive, irritant, carcinogenic,
teratogenic or mutagenic.
4. The regulation applies to all chemicals except chemicals:
• Defined as radioactive material under the Atomic Energy Licensing Act 1984;
• Defined as a pesticide under the Pesticides Act 1974;
• Listed as poisons under the Poisons List Order 1993, except for chemicals classified as
industrial and laboratory poisons;
• Defined as a drug under the Sales of Drugs Act 1952;
• Listed as scheduled waste in First Schedule of Environmental Quality (Schedules Waste)
Regulations 1989;
• Foodstuff
5. Regulations shall not apply to:
• Transportation by rail, road, inland waterway, sea, air etc.;
• Chemicals in transit which are stored in bonded warehouse.

6. Duty of supplier to classify the chemicals according to the specific nature of risk involve based on
hazard at the scheduled I

7. Packaging requirement of chemicals shall have the following requirements:

• If packaging is a container, container shall be such that contents cannot escape;
• Material of packaging and fastenings are suitable and not susceptible to attack by the
chemical;
• Packaging and fastenings are suitable for normal handling;
• Containers with replaceable fastening devices are designed that it can be repeatedly
fastened

8. The supplier must ensure that the packages are to be initially closed with a seal

9. Labelling that every package is labelled with:

• Name of hazardous chemical;
• Name, address, telephone number of supplier;
• Danger symbol and indication of danger;- scheduled II
• Nature of special risk and safety precautions - scheduled III
10. Dimension of label is specified in the regulations in scheduled V basically it shall be firmly affixed
able to be read horizontally when package is set down in its normal positions or must be tagged
when not practical to label hazardous chemical.

11. Supplier to furnish up to-date Chemical Safety Data Sheet both in English and in Bahasa Malaysia
to the customer

12. In cases where the name of the chemical and the concentration of ingredients are confidential
information, the information may be omitted from the CSDS but the information shall be disclosed
to:
• An occupational health doctor;
• Any person who uses or handles the chemical

31
 Appendix 4
ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY (SCHEDULED WASTES) (AMENDMENT) REGULATIONS 2007

Regulation 1. Citation and commencement

(1) These regulations may be cited as the Environmental Quality (Scheduled Wastes) (Amendment)
Regulations 2005 come into operation on 13 Apr 2007
.
Regulation 2. Interpretation

"scheduled wastes" means any waste falling within the categories of waste listed in the First
Schedule;

"incompatible scheduled wastes" means scheduled wastes specified in the Fourth Schedule which,
when mixed, will produce hazardous situations through heat generation, fires, explosions or the
release of toxic substances;

"on-site treatment facility" means a facility, other than a scheduled wastes incinerator or a land
treatment facility, located on a waste generator's site and that is used solely to deal with scheduled
wastes produced on that site;

"contractor" means any person licensed by the Director General of Environmental Quality under
subsection 18(1A) of the Act;

"waste generator" means any person who generates scheduled wastes;

"prescribed premises" means premises prescribed by the Environmental Quality (Prescribed

Premises) (Scheduled Wastes Treatment and Disposal Facilities) Order 1989 [P.U. (A) 140/1989].

(2) Words and expressions which are not defined in these Regulations shall have the same
meaning as assigned to them in the Act and in the Environmental Quality (Prescribed Premises)
(Scheduled Wastes Treatment and Disposal Facilities) Order 1989.

Aspects that will be discussed:

Regulation 3. Notification of the generation of scheduled wastes. Every waste generator must
within 30 days from the date of generation of scheduled wastes, notify the Director General of the
new categories and quantities of scheduled wastes which are generated. The information as per
Second Schedule
.
Regulation 4. Disposal of scheduled wastes. Scheduled wastes shall be disposed of at
prescribed premises only and as far as is practicable, be rendered innocuous prior to disposal.

Regulation 5. Treatment of scheduled wastes. Scheduled wastes shall be treated at prescribed

premises or at on-site treatment facilities only. Residuals from treatment of scheduled wastes shall
be treated or disposed of at prescribed premises.

Regulation 6. Recovery of material or product from scheduled wastes.

Recovery of material or product from scheduled wastes shall be done at prescribed premises or at
onsite recovery facilities. Residuals from recovery of material or product from scheduled wastes
shall be treated or disposed of at prescribed premises.

Regulation 7. Application for special management of scheduled wastes

A waste generator may apply to the Director General in writing to have the scheduled wastes
generated from their particular facility or process excluded from being treated, disposed of or
recovered in premises or facilities other than at the prescribed premises or on-site treatment or
recovery facilities. the Director General may grant a written approval either with or without
conditions.

32
Regulation 8. Responsibility of waste generator.
Every waste generator shall ensure that scheduled wastes generated by him are properly stored,
treated on-site, recovered on-site for material or product from such scheduled wastes or delivered
to and received at prescribed premises for treatment, disposal or recovery of material or product
from scheduled wastes. Scheduled wastes that are subjected to movement or transfer be
packaged, labelled and transported in accordance with the guidelines prescribed by the Director
General.

Regulation 9. Storage of scheduled wastes. (1)

Scheduled wastes shall be stored in containers which are compatible with the scheduled wastes to
be stored, durable and which are able to prevent spillage or leakage of the scheduled wastes into
the environment. A waste generator may apply to the Director General in writing to store more than
20 metric tonnes of scheduled wastes. Any person may store scheduled wastes generated by him
for 180 days or less after its generation provided that—
(a) the quantity of scheduled wastes accumulated on site shall not exceed 20 metric tonnes; and
(b) the Director General may at any time, direct the waste generator to send any scheduled
wastes for treatment, disposal or recovery of material or product from the scheduled wastes up to
such quantity as he deems necessary.

Regulation 10. Labelling of scheduled wastes

The date when the scheduled wastes are first generated, name, address and telephone number of
the waste generator shall be clearly labelled on the containers that are used to store the scheduled
wastes. Containers of scheduled wastes shall be clearly labelled in accordance with the types
applicable to them as specified in the Third Schedule and marked with the scheduled waste code
as specified in the First Schedule for identification and warning purposes.

Regulation 11. Waste generator shall keep an inventory of scheduled wastes.

A waste generator shall keep accurate and up-to-date inventory in accordance with the Fifth
Schedule of the categories and quantities of scheduled wastes being generated, treated and
disposed of and of materials or product recovered from such scheduled wastes for a period up to
three years from the date the scheduled wastes was generated.

Regulation 12. Information to be provided by waste generator, contractor and occupier of

prescribed premises.
A waste generator, contractor and occupier of the prescribed premises shall provide information in
accordance with the Sixth Schedule in the manner provided in this regulation or Director General
shall determine other method as he thinks fit. A waste generator shall complete Part I of the Sixth
Schedule in six copies and hand over the six copies of the Schedule to the contractor when the
scheduled wastes are delivered to him. The contractor shall, upon receiving scheduled wastes
from a waste generator, complete Part II of the Sixth Schedule in the six copies given to him by the
waste generator and shall thereafter immediately hand over two copies of the Schedule to the
waste generator who in turn shall submit a copy to the Director General within 30 days from the
date of transportation of the scheduled wastes. The contractor shall within 10 days from the date of
receipt of the scheduled wastes deliver the scheduled wastes to the occupier of any prescribed
premises and hand over the remaining four copies of the Sixth Schedule to the occupier. The
occupier of any prescribed premises shall, upon receiving scheduled wastes from the contractor,
complete Part III of all the remaining four copies of the Sixth Schedule handed over to him by the
contractor and shall, upon completion, retain one copy and return a copy each to the contractor, the
waste generator and the Director General, within 20 days from the date of receipt of the scheduled
wastes. If the waste generator fails to receive his copy of the Sixth Schedule from the occupier of
the prescribed premises referred to in subregulation (5) within 30 days from the date of delivery of
thescheduled wastes to the contractor referred to in subregulation (2), he shall notify the Director
General immediately and shall investigate and inform the Director General of the result of his
investigation. The waste generator, contractor or occupier of the prescribed premises shall each
keep a signed copy of the Sixth Schedule which shall be retained as a record for at least three
years from the date the scheduled wastes are received by the occupier of the prescribed premises.

Regulation 13. Scheduled wastes transported outside waste generator's premises to be

accompanied by information

33
(1) Every waste generator shall provide information in accordance with the Seventh Schedule in
respect of each category of scheduled wastes to be delivered to the contractor and shall give the
Schedule to the contractor upon delivery of the waste to him.
(2) The waste generator shall inform the contractor of the purpose and use of the Seventh
Schedule.
(3) The contractor shall carry with him the Seventh Schedule for each category of scheduled
wastes being transported and shall observe and comply with the instructions contained therein.
(4) The contractor shall, in the selection of transportation routes, as far as possible avoid densely
populated areas, water catchment areas and other environmentally sensitive areas.
(5) The contractor shall ensure that all his employees that are involved in the handling,
transportation and storage of scheduled wastes attend training programmes.
(6) The contractor shall ensure that during the training programme each employee is well informed
of the purpose and use of the Seventh Schedule.

Regulation 14. Spill or accidental discharge

(1) In the event of any spill or accidental discharge of any scheduled wastes, the contractor
responsible for the waste shall immediately inform the Director General of the occurrence.
(2) The contractor shall do everything that is practicable to contain, cleanse or abate the spill or
accidental discharge and to recover substances involved in the spill or accidental discharge.
(3) The waste generator shall provide technical expertise and supporting assistance in any clean-
up operation referred to in subregulation (2).
(4) The contractor shall undertake studies to determine the impact of the spillage or accidental
discharge on the environment over a period of time to be determined by the Director General.

Regulation 15. Conduct of training

Every waste generator shall ensure that all his employees involved in the identification, handling,
labelling, transportation, storage and spillage or discharge response of scheduled wastes attend
training programmes.

Regulation 16. Compounding of offences

(1) Every offence which consists of any omission or neglect to comply with, or any act done or
attempted to be done contrary to these Regulations may be compounded under section 45 of the
Act.
(2) The compounding of offences referred to in subregulation (1) shall be in accordance with the
procedure prescribed in the Environmental Quality (Compounding of Offences) Rules 1978 [P.U.
(A) 281/1978].

34
 SCHEDULE - FIRST SCHEDULE (Regulation 2)

SW 1 Metal and metal-bearing wastes

SW 101 Waste containing arsenic or its compound

SW 102 Waste of lead acid batteries in whole or crushed form
SW 103 Waste of batteries containing cadmium and nickel or mercury or lithium
SW 104 Dust, slag, dross or ash containing aluminium, arsenic, mercury, lead, cadmium,
chromium, nickel, copper, vanadium, beryllium, antimony, tellurium, thallium or selenium excluding
slag from iron and steel factory
SW 105 Galvanic sludges
SW 106 Residues from recovery of acid pickling liquor
SW 107 Slags from copper processing for further processing or refining containing arsenic, lead or
cadmium
SW 108 Leaching residues from zinc processing in dust and sludges form
SW 109 Waste containing mercury or its compound
SW 110 Waste from electrical and electronic assemblies containing components such as
accumulators, mercury-switches, glass from cathode-ray tubes and other activated glass or
polychlorinated biphenylcapacitors, or contaminated with cadmium, mercury, lead, nickel,
chromium, copper, lithium, silver, manganese or polychlorinated biphenyl

SW 2 Wastes containing principally inorganic constituents which may contain metals

and organic materials

SW 201 Asbestos wastes in sludges, dust or fibre forms

SW 202 Waste catalysts
SW 203 Immobilized scheduled wastes including chemically fixed, encapsulated, solidified or
stabilized sludges
SW 204 Sludges containing one or several metals including chromium, copper, nickel, zinc, lead,
cadmium, aluminium, tin, vanadium and beryllium
SW 205 Waste gypsum arising from chemical industry or power plant
SW 206 Spent inorganic acids
SW 207 Sludges containing fluoride

SW 3 Wastes containing principally organic constituents which may contain metals

and inorganic materials

SW 301 Spent organic acids with pH less or equal to 2 which are corrosive or hazardous
SW 302 Flux waste containing mixture of organic acids, solvents or compounds of ammonium
chloride
SW 303 Adhesive or glue waste containing organic solvents excluding solid polymeric materials
SW 304 Press cake from pretreatment of glycerol soap lye
SW 305 Spent lubricating oil
SW 306 Spent hydraulic oil
SW 307 Spent mineral oil-water emulsion
SW 308 Oil tanker sludges
SW 309 Oil-water mixture such as ballast water
SW 310 Sludge from mineral oil storage tank
SW 311 Waste of oil or oily sludge
SW 312 Oily residue from automotive workshop, service station oil or grease interceptor
SW 313 Oil contaminated earth from re-refining of used lubricating oil
SW 314 Oil or sludge from oil refinery plant maintenance operation
SW 315 Tar or tarry residues from oil refinery or petrochemical plant
SW 316 Acid sludge
SW 317 Spent organometallic compounds including tetraethyl lead, tetramethyl lead and organotin
compounds
SW 318 Waste, substances and articles containing or contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCB) or polychlorinated triphenyls (PCT)

35
SW 319 Waste of phenols or phenol compounds including chlorophenol in the form of liquids or
sludges
SW 320 Waste containing formaldehyde
SW 321 Rubber or latex wastes or sludges containing organic solvents or heavy metals
SW 322 Waste of non-halogenated organic solvents
SW 323 Waste of halogenated organic solvents
SW 324 Waste of halogenated or unhalogenated non-aqueous distillation residues arising from
organic solvents recovery process
SW 325 Uncured resin waste containing organic solvents or heavy metals including epoxy resin
and phenolic resin
SW 326 Waste of organic phosphorus compound
SW 327 Waste of thermal fluids (heat transfer) such as ethylene glycol

SW 4 Wastes which may contain either inorganic or organic constituents

SW 401 Spent alkalis containing heavy metals

SW 402 Spent alkalis with pH more or equal to 11.5 which are corrosive or hazardous
SW 403 Discarded drugs containing psychotropic substances or containing substances that are
toxic, harmful, carcinogenic, mutagenic or teratogenic
SW 404 Pathogenic wastes, clinical wastes or quarantined materials
SW 405 Waste arising from the preparation and production of pharmaceutical product
SW 406 Clinker, slag and ashes from scheduled wastes incinerator
SW 407 Waste containing dioxins or furans
SW 408 Contaminated soil, debris or matter resulting from cleaning-up of a spill of chemical,
mineral oil or scheduled wastes
SW 409 Disposed containers, bags or equipment contaminated with chemicals, pesticides, mineral
oil or scheduled wastes
SW 410 Rags, plastics, papers or filters contaminated with scheduled wastes
SW 411 Spent activated carbon excluding carbon from the treatment of potable water and
processes of the food industry and vitamin production
SW 412 Sludges containing cyanide
SW 413 Spent salt containing cyanide
SW 414 Spent aqueous alkaline solution containing cyanide
SW 415 Spent quenching oils containing cyanides
SW 416 Sludges of inks, paints, pigments, lacquer, dye or varnish
SW 417 Waste of inks, paints, pigments, lacquer, dye or varnish
SW 418 Discarded or off-specification inks, paints, pigments, lacquer, dye or varnish products
containing organic solvent
SW 419 Spent di-isocyanates and residues of isocyanate compounds excluding solid polymeric
material from foam manufacturing process
SW 420 Leachate from scheduled waste landfill
SW 421 A mixture of scheduled wastes
SW 422 A mixture of scheduled and non-scheduled wastes
SW 423 Spent processing solution, discarded photographic chemicals or discarded photographic
Wastes
SW 424 Spent oxidizing agent
SW 425 Wastes from the production, formulation, trade or use of pesticides, herbicides or biocides
SW 426 Off-specification products from the production, formulation, trade or use of pesticides,
herbicides or biocides
SW 427 Mineral sludges including calcium hydroxide sludges, phosphating sludges, calcium
sulphite sludges and carbonates sludges
SW 428 Wastes from wood preserving operation using inorganic salts containing copper, chromium
or arsenic of fluoride compounds or using compound containing chlorinated phenol or creosote
SW 429 Chemicals that are discarded or off-specification
SW 430 Obsolete laboratory chemicals
SW 431 Waste from manufacturing or processing or use of explosives
SW 432 Waste containing, consisting of or contaminated with peroxides

SW 5 Other wastes

SW 501 Any residues from treatment or recovery of scheduled wastes

36
 SECOND SCHEDULE
(Regulation 3)
NOTIFICATION OF SCHEDULED WASTES
(Two copies to be completed)
For office use only
File Reference No: .....................................

1. IDENTIFICATION

Waste Generator Code:

State Code:
(i) Name and Address of Premise:
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................

Tel. No: ............................... Fax No: ................................. Telex No:...........................................

(ii) Owner of Premise:....................................................................................................................

Designation: ................................................................................................................................

2. PRODUCTION DATA

List of raw materials/chemicals and quantities used per month*

Raw Material/Chemicals Quantity (Metric Tonnes)

3. WASTE DATA
Scheduled wastes generated per month**

Waste Quantity
Waste Category Waste Source 1 Name of Waste
Component 2 (Tonnes/Month) 3

Code
Note:
1 Unit Operation in the process/plant
2 Name the elements, compound or material
3 Guide to conversion (only data in metric tonnes/month is acceptable)
* Use additional sheet if required
** Estimates

I certify that the information provided is true and correct to the best of my knowledge.
……………….......…............……………………..
Signature of Reporting Officer ***
Name: .......................................................................
Designation: ............................................................
Date: .........................................................................

37
 THIRD SCHEDULE
(Regulation 10)
LABELLING REQUIREMENT FOR SCHEDULED WASTES

EXPLOSIVE SUBSTANCES
(WASTE)
Symbol (exploding bomb): black; Background: light orange
Label 1

INFLAMMABLE LIQUIDS
(WASTE)
Symbol (flame): black or white; Background: red
Label 2

INFLAMMABLE SOLIDS
(WASTE)
Symbol (flame): black; Background: white with vertical red stripes
Label 3

38
 SOLID: SPONTANEOUSLY COMBUSTIBLE
(WASTE)
Substance liable to spontaneous combustion
Symbol (flame): black;
Background: upper half white, lower half red
Label 4

SOLID: DANGEROUS WHEN WET

(WASTE)
Substances which, if in contact with water, emit inflammable gases
Symbol (flame): black or white; Background: blue
Label 5

OXIDIZING SUBSTANCES
(WASTE)
Symbol (flame over circle): black; Background: yellow
Label 6

39
 ORGANIC PEROXIDES
(WASTE)
Symbol (flame over circle): black; Background: yellow
Label 7

TOXIC SUBSTANCES
(WASTE)
Poisonous (toxic) substances
Symbol (skull over crossbones): black; Background: white
Label 8

INFECTIOUS SUBSTANCES
(WASTE)
Symbol (three crescents superimposed on a circle): black;
Background: white
Label 9

40
 CORROSIVE SUBSTANCES
(WASTE)
Symbol (liquids spilling from two glass vessels and attacking a hand and a metal): black;
Background: upper half white, lower half black
Label 10

MIXTURE OF MISCELLANEOUS DANGEROUS SUBSTANCES

(WASTE)
Symbol (nil); Background: white with upper half vertical black stripes
Label 11

41
 PARTICULARS OF LABELS

1. The label shall be a square set at an angle of 45 degrees. The dimension of the label shall
not be less than 10 cm by 10 cm except where the size of the container or package warrants
for a label of smaller size.

2. The colours used on the labels 1 to 11 shall be in accordance with British Standard BS 381 C,
"Colours for specific purposes".

Colour Reference No.

French blue .. .. .. 166
Canary yellow .. .. .. 309
Signal red .. .. .. 537
Light orange .. .. .. 557

3. The labels shall be divided into halves, the upper half of the label shall be reserved for the
pictorial symbol and the lower half for text printed in block capitals.

4. The text shall be printed in black on all labels except when the background of the label is black,
red or blue, the text shall be in white.

5. The labels may be of the following types:

(a) stick-on;
(b) metal plates; or
(c) stencilled or printed on the container or package.

6. All labels shall be able to withstand open weather exposure without a substantial reduction in
effectiveness.
7. Label shall be placed on a background of contrasting colour.

8. In the case of waste capable of causing two or more hazards, all the hazards must be clearly
identified and the waste shall be labelled accordingly.

FOURTH SCHEDULE
(Regulation 2)
SCHEDULED WASTES OF POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY

The mixing of a waste in Group A with a waste in Group B may have the following potential
consequences:
Group 1-A Group 1-B
Alkaline caustic liquids Acid sludge
Alkaline cleaner Chemical cleaners
Alkaline corrosive liquid Electrolyte, acid
Caustic wastewater Etching acid, liquid or solvent
Lime sludge and other corrosive Pickling liquor and other corrosive acid
alkalies Spent acid
Spent mixed acid

Potential consequences: Heat generation, violent reaction.

Group 2-A Group 2-B
Asbestos Solvents
Beryllium Explosives
Unrinsed pesticide containers Petroleum
Pesticides Oil and other flammable wastes

Potential consequences: Release of toxic substances in case of fire or explosion.

Group 3-A Group 3-B
Aluminium Any waste in Group 1-A or 1-B
Beryllium
Calcium

42
Lithium
Magnesium
Potassium
Sodium
Zinc powder and other reactive
metals and metal hydrides

Potential consequences: Fire or explosion; generation of flammable hydrogen gas.

Group 4-A Group 4-B
Alcohols Any concentrated waste in Group 1-A or 1-B
Calcium
Lithium
Metal hydrides
Potassium
Sodium
Water reactive wastes

Potential consequences: Fire, explosion or heat generation; generation of flammable toxic gases.
Group 5-A Group 5-B
Alcohols Concentrated Group 1-A or 1-B wastes
Aldehydes
Halogenated hydrocarbons Group 3-A wastes
Nitrated hydrocarbons and other
reactive organic compounds and solvents
Unsaturated hydrocarbons

Potential consequences: Fire, explosion or violent reaction.

Group 6-A Group 6-B
Spent cyanide and sulphide solution Group 1-B wastes

Potential consequences: Generation of toxic hydrogen cyanide or hydrogen sulphide gas.

Group 7-A Group 7-B
Chlorates and other strong oxidizers Organic acids
Chlorites Group 2-B wastes
Chromic acid Group 3-B wastes
Hypochlorites Group 5-A wastes and other
Nitrates flammable and combustible wastes
Nitric acid
Perchlorates
Permanganates
Peroxides
. Potential consequences: Fire, explosion or violent reaction

43
 FIFTH SCHEDULE
(Regulation 11)

INVENTORY OF SCHEDULED WASTES AS AT: …………………..…………………

Date Waste Name of Quantity Waste Handling

Category Waste Generated
Code (Metric
Tonnes)
Method Quantity in Placec
Metric
Tonnes

I hereby declare that all information given in this form is to the best of my knowledge and
belief true and correct in all respect.

Name of Reporting Officer:

.....................................................................................................................
Designation: .............................................................
Signature: ........................................................... Date: .............................................................
I.C. Number: .........................................................

44
 SIXTH SCHEDULE
(Regulation 12)

CONSIGNMENT NOTE FOR SCHEDULED WASTES

For office use only
File Reference No:

1 WASTE GENERATOR
.....................................
Waste Generator Code:
State Code:
Name of Waste Generator:
.......................................................................................................................
Address:
.......................................................................................................................................................
Name of Responsible Person:
................................................................................................................
Tel. No.: ……………......………. Fax No.: …………….............…. Telex No.: ………….….........
Name of Waste:
Waste Category Code:
Waste Component: ............................................................
Waste Origin: ………………………………............….
Waste Origin Code:

Type of Waste:
Solid Sludge Liquid
Waste
Packaging: Pallet Container Canister 55 gallon Drum
Other (specify) ...................................
Quantity:
and if possible:
Metric Tonnes m3

Cost of Treatment and Disposal RM ……………../ Metric Tonne

Name and Address of Final Destination:

…………………………………………………………………………………………….......................
Delivery Date: ……………………......... ......................................................................

Signature of Responsible Person

Delivery Time: ........................................

For office use only

II CONTRACTOR
Contractor Code:
State Code:
Name of Contractor:
...................................................................................................................................
Address:
.......................................................................................................................................................
Name of Responsible Person:
.................................................................................................................
Tel. No.: ……………........………. Fax No.: …………......…………. Telex No.: ................................
Vehicle Registration No.:
.............................................................................................................................
Name of Driver:
.............................................................................................................................................
Temporary Storage: No Yes, Address:
.....................................................................................................
Date Received: …..….............…………… Signature of Driver: ...........................................
Time Received: .............................................

45
III STORAGE/TREATMENT/
RECOVERY/DISPOSAL/
FACILITY OPERATOR
Facility Code:
State Code:
Name of Facility:
.......................................................................................................................................
Address of Facility:
...................................................................................................................................
Name of Responsible Person:
..................................................................................................................
Tel. No.: .……….......……………. Fax No.: …………......……… Telex No.: ...................
Type of Operation:
Storage Regrouping Recovery Landfill Secure Landfill
Physical/Chemical Treatment Incinerator Other (specify)
....................................
Quantity of Waste:
and if possible:
Metric Tonnes m3
Date Received: …..….............…………… Signature:...........................................
Time Received: .............................................

46
 Appendix 5
BORANG PERMOHONAN PELUPUSAN BUANGAN TERJADUAL
UNIT KESELAMATAN DAN KESIHATAN PEKERJAAN Appendix 5
UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS
Tingkat 2 Bangunan KIK, Lorong Meranti Paya, Off Jln Bukit Lagi 01000 Kangar Perlis
Tel : 04-979 8354/8346/8347/8349/8411 Faks: 04-979 8351
Tarikh : Pegawai yang dihubungi : Lokasi Bahan Buangan :

Jabatan : Telefon / Faks : Nama Makmal :

Pegawai bertanggungjawab : Alamat :

Kegunaan Bilangan, saiz dan Isipadu @ berat di pH Hazad

Keterangan Bahan Buangan Bentuk Fizikal
UKKP jenis bekas dalam bekas

Nota Khas atau Arahan Pengendalian :

Pengesahan : Saya mengesahkan bahawa setiap keterangan tentang bahan buangan di atas adalah tepat dan lengkap berdasarkan kepada pengetahuan saya

(Tandatangan Ketua Jabatan) : Tarikh :

* Hanya satu pengesahan untuk setiap pelupusan

15