Test S&H

Occupational Safety and Health
Test – 40%
1. a) The Factories and Machinery Act (FMA) 1967 or Act 139, is to provide for factory
control over matters relating to the safety, health and welfare of persons, and the
registration and inspection of machinery.
b) The main objective of OSHA 1994 is to ensure the safety, health & welfare of
workers in the workplace against any hazardous activities & risks in the workplace
involved.
c) ISO 45001:2018 sets out the requirements for an occupational health and safety
(OH&S) management system, and provides guidance for its use, to enable
organizations to provide a safe and healthy workplace by preventing work-related
injuries and ill-health, as well as by improving proactively its OH&S performance.
2. a) All employers, regardless of business size, must ensure a safe workplace. So that
workers can do their work without any danger or risk. Then, employers should take
action or precautions to avoid risks to health such as dusty work areas can cause asthma
or respiratory problems. In addition, employers must always provide sufficient first aid
facilities so that employees who experience any accident at work can be treated with
first aid treatment.
b) Your most important responsibility as an employee is to look after your own health
and safety. If you are aware that your work area uses large machinery items, is dusty
and exposed to any chemicals, you must wear a mask and boots with your safety helmet
to avoid any safety and health problems. Also, if possible, avoid wearing jewelry or
loose clothing while operating the machine so that you don't have problems with your
clothes getting caught in the machine, or your jewelry falling out in the machine.
3. It is the policy of the Department of Occupational Safety and Health to continuously
improve the quality of products, services and the safety and health performance of staff
together with related persons. Both management and staff will cooperate in preventing
any potential non-conformities of products and services, and any possible injuries
arising from incidents that occur in the workplace. The department is committed to:
• Provide and maintain a quality, safe and healthy workplace and system that is free
from any hazards and risks;
• Ensuring that all staff receive relevant information, instructions, training and
supervision on how to carry out their duties in a correct and quality manner that
does not pose a risk to health;
• Investigate all product and service non-conformities, incidents, occupational
diseases, occupational poisonings and dangerous incidents, and take steps to ensure
they do not recur;
• Identify and comply with customer requirements, and legal and other requirements
as set out in the Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994, its regulations and
approved industry codes of practice; and
• Promote and achieve occupational safety and health quality objectives, work
procedures and occupational safety and health regulations and guidelines among
employees throughout the country.
In order to ensure the implementation of this policy, the Occupational Health, Safety
and Quality Management System was established, implemented and maintained by this
Department.
4. No matter how big or small, every employer needs to create a safe work environment.
This obligation is not only a moral obligation and a legal obligation but also makes
sense financially. Whether safety incidents stem from falls or overexertion, they cost
the industry more than a billion dollars a week, according to a recent study by Liberty
Mutual. This is in addition to potential legal expenses. However, organizations can
protect workers from environmental hazards in the workplace by taking strategic
precautions that address air circulation, slips and trips, ergonomic hazards, natural
disasters and electrical safety. Environmental health refers to limiting health hazards in
the workplace. This involves checking the environment to identify potentially
dangerous agents and implementing measures that protect workers. In the work
environment, workers can face a variety of health risks, including those outlined in the
following sections.
• Biological hazards come from organisms, including humans, animals and
plants, and threaten human health. Examples of biological hazards include
mold, sewage, blood and body fluids. These hazards can result in illness and
allergic reactions and limit workers' ability to perform their work.
• Chemicals can be toxic, corrosive, flammable and combustible. Therefore, they

can pose a health risk to workers and become a hazard if workers inhale,
swallow or absorb them through their skin. Chemical hazards can cause acute
harm, such as burns, irritation and vomiting, or create chronic health issues,
such as asthma, liver damage and cancers.
• Physical hazards include activities or natural substances in the work

environment that pose a health risk. Extreme temperatures, poor air quality,
excessive noise and radiation in the workplace can all harm workers, potentially
causing respiratory problems, hearing loss and cancer, among other problems.
• Any simple and fixable problem can result in slips, trips and falls. Some slip
and trip hazards include damaged or slippery floors, exposed cables, cluttered
walkways and missing handrails. For example, an employee restroom may have
a leaking sink. When alerted to the problem, the business may assign a custodian
to regularly mop the area, but at some point, the mop doesn't happen, water
accumulates and the worker slips and breaks an ankle. In this case, the business
not only failed to fix the leak but also failed to post appropriate signs and
perform a routine mop.
• Poor ergonomics in the workplace can lead to worker health problems, such as
cumulative trauma disorders, repetitive motion injuries and musculoskeletal
disorders. Often, ergonomic hazards arise due to workplace design. Possible
ergonomic hazards include poorly adjusted chairs or workstations, repetitive
motions, habitual lifting, incorrect posture and vibration. Whether workers sit
at desks that are too short for them, use their thumbs too much on a laptop with
a centrally located track pad or strain their eyes at a screen all day, poor
ergonomics can lead to debilitating symptoms. Joint and muscle pain; tingling
in hands, fingers and limbs; and pain and stiffness in the neck and back can all
be caused by ergonomic hazards.

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Occupational Safety and Health

• Chemicals can be toxic, corrosive, flammable and combustible. Therefore, they

• Physical hazards include activities or natural substances in the work

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