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    Maslow Theory of Needs

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    Pallavi Mundhra
    Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a theory that human motivation is based on a five-tier model of physiological needs, safety needs, love and belonging needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs. The first four levels are considered deficiency needs that must be met before progressing to higher growth needs. While Maslow initially proposed a strict hierarchy, he later acknowledged that needs can be met concurrently and to varying degrees.

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    Maslow Theory of Needs

    Uploaded by

    Pallavi Mundhra
    122 views2 pages
    Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a theory that human motivation is based on a five-tier model of physiological needs, safety needs, love and belonging needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs. The first four levels are considered deficiency needs that must be met before progressing to higher growth needs. While Maslow initially proposed a strict hierarchy, he later acknowledged that needs can be met concurrently and to varying degrees.

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    Maslow Theory of Needs

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    Maslow theory of Needs

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    Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a theory that human motivation is based on a five-tier model of physiological needs, safety needs, love and belonging needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs. The first four levels are considered deficiency needs that must be met before progressing to higher growth needs. While Maslow initially proposed a strict hierarchy, he later acknowledged that needs can be met concurrently and to varying degrees.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    122 views2 pages

    Maslow Theory of Needs

    Uploaded by

    Pallavi Mundhra
    Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a theory that human motivation is based on a five-tier model of physiological needs, safety needs, love and belonging needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs. The first four levels are considered deficiency needs that must be met before progressing to higher growth needs. While Maslow initially proposed a strict hierarchy, he later acknowledged that needs can be met concurrently and to varying degrees.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a motivational theory in psychology comprising a

    five-tier model of human needs, often depicted as hierarchical levels within a


    pyramid.
    Needs lower down in the hierarchy must be satisfied before individuals can
    attend to needs higher up. From the bottom of the hierarchy upwards, the needs
    are: physiological, safety, love and belonging, esteem and self-actualization.

    Deficiency needs vs. growth needs


    This five-stage model can be divided into deficiency needs and growth needs. The
    first four levels are often referred to as deficiency needs (D-needs), and the top
    level is known as growth or being needs (B-needs).
    Deficiency needs arise due to deprivation and are said to motivate people when
    they are unmet. Also, the motivation to fulfill such needs will become stronger
    the longer the duration they are denied. For example, the longer a person goes
    without food, the more hungry they will become.
    Maslow (1943) initially stated that individuals must satisfy lower level deficit
    needs before progressing on to meet higher level growth needs. However, he later
    clarified that satisfaction of a needs is not an “all-or-none” phenomenon,
    admitting that his earlier statements may have given “the false impression that a
    need must be satisfied 100 percent before the next need emerges” (1987, p. 69).
    When a deficit need has been 'more or less' satisfied it will go away, and our
    activities become habitually directed towards meeting the next set of needs that
    we have yet to satisfy. These then become our salient needs. However, growth
    needs continue to be felt and may even become stronger once they have been
    engaged.

    Growth needs do not stem from a lack of something, but rather from a desire to
    grow as a person. Once these growth needs have been reasonably satisfied, one
    may be able to reach the highest level called self-actualization.
    Every person is capable and has the desire to move up the hierarchy toward a
    level of self-actualization. Unfortunately, progress is often disrupted by a failure
    to meet lower level needs. Life experiences, including divorce and loss of a job,
    may cause an individual to fluctuate between levels of the hierarchy.
    Therefore, not everyone will move through the hierarchy in a uni-directional
    manner but may move back and forth between the different types of needs.
    The original hierarchy of needsfive-
    stage model includes:
    Maslow (1943, 1954) stated that people are motivated to achieve certain needs
    and that some needs take precedence over others. Our most basic need is for
    physical survival, and this will be the first thing that motivates our behavior.
    Once that level is fulfilled the next level up is what motivates us, and so on.
    1. Physiological needs - these are biological requirements for human survival, e.g.
    air, food, drink, shelter, clothing, warmth, sex, sleep.
    If these needs are not satisfied the human body cannot function optimally. Maslow
    considered physiological needs the most important as all the other needs become
    secondary until these needs are met.
    2. Safety needs - protection from elements, security, order, law, stability, freedom
    from fear.
    3. Love and belongingness needs - after physiological and safety needs have
    been fulfilled, the third level of human needs is social and involves feelings of
    belongingness. The need for interpersonal relationships motivates behavior
    Examples include friendship, intimacy, trust, and acceptance, receiving and giving
    affection and love. Affiliating, being part of a group (family, friends, work).
    4. Esteem needs - which Maslow classified into two categories: (i) esteem for
    oneself (dignity, achievement, mastery, independence) and (ii) the desire for
    reputation or respect from others (e.g., status, prestige).
    Maslow indicated that the need for respect or reputation is most important for
    children and adolescents and precedes real self-esteem or dignity.
    5. Self-actualization needs - realizing personal potential, self-fulfillment, seeking
    personal growth and peak experiences. A desire “to become everything one is
    capable of becoming”(Maslow, 1987, p. 64).

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