Metric_1801-1886 3/1/06 10:31 Page 1836

’Technical Data» Excerpt from JIS B 0601(1994)

’Technical Data»
Excerpt from JIS B 0031(1994)
Surface Roughness and JIS B 0031(1994)
Drawing Indication of Surface Texture

1. Varieties of Surface Roughness Indicators 1. Positions of Auxiliary Symbols for Surface Symbol
Definitions and presentations of arithmetic average roughness(Ra), maximum height(Ry), 10-spot average roughness(Rz), A surface roughness value, cut-off value or reference length, processing method, grain direction,
average concave-to-convex distance(Sm), average distance between local peaks(S)and load length rate(tp)are given as surface undulation, etc. are indicated around the surface symbol as shown in Fig. 1 below.
parameters indicating the surface roughness of an industrial product. Surface roughness is the arithmetic average of values at
Fig. 1. Positions of Auxiliary Symbols
randomly extracted spots on the surface of an object.
’Center-line average roughness(Ra 75)is defined in the supplements to JIS B 0031 and JIS B 0601.» a :Ra Value
b :Machining Method
Typical Calculations of Surface Roughness b
f cV:Cut-off Value, Evaluation Length
r
Arithmetical Average Roughness, Ra Ra= r
1
f(◊) d x
a c cV c :Reference Length, Evaluation Length
Y 0 e d g e d g
m d :Grain Direction
A portion stretching over a reference length in the direction in which
the average line extends is cut out from the roughness curve. This f :Parameter other than Ra(tp:Parameter/Cut-Off Level)
portion is presented in a new graph with the X axis extending in the g :Surface Undulation(according to JIS B 0610)

Ra
same direction as the average line and the Y axis representing the
0 X Remark: These symbols except a and f are provided when they are needed.
magnitude. Ra is represented by the equation shown at right, in
microns(Om). r Remark: Under ISO 1302, a finish range should be indicated as e in Fig. 1.

Symbol Meaning Illustration

IExamples
Maximum Height, Ry r
Surface Symbol
The trace left by a cutting instrument
A portion stretching over a reference length in the direction in which m
is parallel to the projection plane in
the average line extends is cut out from the roughness curve. The gap

Rp

Ry
the drawing.
between the peak line and the trough line is measured in the direction
in which the magnitude axis extends, in microns(Om). Ex. Shaped Surface

Rv
Remark:A portion without an abnormally high peak or abnormally low trough, Trace Left by a Cutting Instrument Removal of Material by Machining is Required
which may be regarded as a flaw, is cut out over the reference length.
Ry=Rp+Rv

The trace left by a cutting instrument is

Ten-Spot Average Roughness, Rz m perpendicular to the projection plane in Removal of Material is Prohibited
Yp 1

the drawing.

Yp 4
Yp 2

Yp 5
Yp 3
A portion stretching over a reference length in the direction in which
the average line extends is cut out from the roughness curve. The average Ex. Shaped Surface (Side View)

Y V3
Y V2
Y V1

Y V4
Trace Left by a Cutting Instrument

Y V5
of the levels(Yp)of the highest peak to the fifth highest peak as measured Circular Cut, Cylindrical Cut
from the average line and the average of the levels(Yv)of the lowest r
trough to the fifth lowest trough similarly measured in the said portion
are added together. Rz is this sum, in microns(Om). Yp 1 +Yp 2 +Yp 3 +Yp 4 +Yp 5 + Yv 1 +Yv 2 +Yv 3 +Yv 4 +Yv 5
Upper Limit of Ra
Rz= The pattern left by a cutting instrument
5 diagonally crosses the projection plane in (a) (b) (c)

Yp1,Yp2,Yp3,Yp4,Yp5 Levels of the highest peak to the fifth highest the drawing.
25 6.3 25
peak in the said portion with the lengthr.
Ex. Honed Surface
Yv1,Yv2,Yv3,Yv4,Yv5 :Levels of the lowest trough to the fifth highest trough in the Trace Left by a Cutting Instrument
said portion with the lengthr.
25 6.3 25

The pattern left by a cutting instrument crosses

Reference:Relation between Arithmetic Average Roughness(Ra)and Conventional Parameters in various directions or has no grain direction.
Reference Grain Direction
Arithmetic Average Roughness Max.Height Ten-Spot Average Roughness Ex. Lapped Surface, Superfinished
Conventional
Ra Ry Rz Ry/Rz Length Surface and Surface Finished
Finish Symbol
Standard Series Cut-Off Value
c(mm) Graphical Representation of Surface Texture Standard Series r(mm) with a Front Mill or End Mill
0.012 a 0.08 0.05 s 0.05 z
0.08
0.025 a 0.1 s 0.1 z
0.05 a 0.25 0.012 ~ 0.2 The pattern left by a cutting instrument
0.2 s 0.2 z
0.25 is virtually concentric around the center of Upper and Lower Limits of Ra
0.1 a 0.4 s 0.4 z
0.2 a 0.8 s 0.8 z the plane in the drawing. (a) (b)

0.4 a 0.8 1.6 s 1.6 z Ex. Faced Surface 6.3

0.4 ~ 1.6 0.8 1.6
0.8 a 3.2 s 3.2 z
1.6 a 6.3 s 6.3 z 6.3
1.6
3.2 a 12.5 s 12.5 z
2.5 3.2 ~ 6.3
6.3 a 25 s 25 z 2.5 The pattern left by a cutting instrument
Machining Method
is virtually radial around the center of the
12.5 a 50 s 50 z
12.5 ~ 25 plane in the drawing. (a) (b)
25 a 8 100 s 100 z
8 Milling M
50 a 200 s 200 z
50 ~ 100 ~ 3.2 3.2
100 a - 400 s - 400 z
*Interrelations among the three varieties shown here are not precise, and are presented for convenience only.
*Ra:The evaluated values of Ry and Rz are the cut-off values and the reference length each multiplied by five, respectively.

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