International Standard

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANOARDIZATION~ME~YHAPOJ~HAR OPrAHM3ALWi ~OCTAH~PTM3Al.&W~RGANlSATlON INTERNATIONALS OS NOMALlSATlON

Technical drawings - Geometrical tolerancing -

Tolerancing of form, orientation, location and run-out -
Generalities, definitions, symbols, indications on drawings

Dessins techniques - Tokkancement gkomdtrique - Tokrancemant de forme, orientation, position et battement - G&&alit&,
dkfinitions, symbolas, indications sur les dessins

First edition - 1963-12-01

iii UDC 744.4 : 621.763.1 Ref. No: IS0 1101-1993 (E)

Descriptors : technical drawings, form tolerances, tolerances of position, graphic methods, generalities, definitions, symbols.
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Foreword
IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of
national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work of developing International
Standards is carried out through IS0 technical committees. Every member body
interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been authorized has the
right to be represented on that committee. international organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.

Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to

the member bodies for approval before their acceptance as International Standards by
the IS0 Council.

International Standard IS0 1101 was developed by Technical Committee ISO/TC 10,
Technical drawings, and was circulated to the member bodies in December 1980.

It has been approved by the member bodies of the following countries :

Australia Hungary Romania

Austria India South Africa, Rep. of
Brazil Iraq Spain
Canada Italy Sweden
China Japan Switzerland
Czechoslovakia Korea, Dem. P. Rep. of United Kingdom
Denmark Korea, Rep. of USA
Finland Netherlands USSR
France New Zealand
Germany, F.R. Norway

The member body of the following country expressed disapproval of the document on
technical grounds :

This International Standard cancels and replaces IS0 Recommendation

R 1101/1~1!369, of which it constitutes a technical revision.

A more detailed, bilingual (English, French) version of Table 1 “Symbols for toleranced
characteristics” and Table 2 “Additional symbols” has been made up in A4 plastic-
coated format. This represents an extract of this International Standard, which lends
itself to everyday use on the shop floor.

This extract is available separately.

0 International Organization for Standardization, 1999 0

Printed in Switzerland

ii
Contents
0 Introduction ........................................................ 1

1 Scope and field of application ......................................... 1

2 References ......................................................... 1

3 General ............................................................ 1

4 Symbols ........................................................... 3

5 Toleranceframe .................................................... 4

6 Tolerancedfeatures ................................................. 5

7 Tolerancezones .................................................... 6

6 Datums ............................................................ 7

9 Restrictive specifications ............................................. 9

IO Theoretically exact dimensions ........................................ 10

11 Projected tolerance zone ............................................. 10

12 Maximum material condition .......................................... 10

13 Definitions of tolerances ............................................. 11

14 Detailed definitions of tolerances ...................................... 12

14.1 Straightness tolerance ........................................ 12

14.2 Flatnesstolerance.. .......................................... 12

14.3 Circularity tolerance .......................................... 13

14.4 Cylindricity tolerance. ......................................... 13

14.5 Profile tolerance of any line .................................... 13

14.6 Profile tolerance of any surface ................................. 13

14.7 Parallelism tolerance .......................................... 14

14.6 Perpendicularity tolerance ..................................... 17

14.9 Angularity tolerance .......................................... 18

14.10 Positional tolerance ........................................... 19

14.11 Concentricity and coaxiality tolerance ........................... 21

14.12 Symmetry tolerance .......................................... 21

14.13 Circular run-out tolerance. ..................................... 22

14.14 Total run-out tolerance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

iii
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IS0 1101-1983 (EI

Technical drawings - Geometrical tolerancing -

Tolerancing of form, orientation, location and run-out -
Generalities, definitions, symbols, indications on drawings

0 Introduction
For uniformity all figures in this International Standard are in first angle projection.

It should be understood that the third angle projection could equallywell have been used without prejudice to the principles established.

For the definitive presentation (proportions and dimensions) of symbols for geometrical tolerancing, see IS0 7083.

1 Scope and field of application

1 .l This International Standard gives the principles of symbolization and indication on technical drawings of tolerances of form,
orientation, location and run-out, and establishes the appropriate geometrical definitions. Hence the term “geometrical tolerances”
will be used in this document as synonymous with these groups of tolerances.

1.2 Geometrical tolerances shall be specified only where they are essential, that is, in the light of functional requirements, inter-
changeability and probable manufacturing circumstances.

1.3 Indicating geometrical tolerances does not necessarily imply the use of any particular method of production, measurement or
gauging.

2 References
IS 0 129, Technical drawings - General principles of presentation.
IS0 129, Engineering drawings - Dimensioning - General principles, definitions, methods of execution, and special indications. 1)
IS 0 16f30, Technical drawings - Dimensioning and tolerancing of profiles.
IS0 2692, Technical drawings - Geometrical tolerancing - Maximum material principle. 2)
IS0 5459, Technical drawings - Geometrical tolerancing - Datums and datum systems for geometrical tolerances.
IS0 7093, Technical drawings - Symbols for geometrical tolerancing - Proportions and dimensions.
IS0 8015, Technical drawings - Fundamental tolerancing principle. 3)

3 General
3.1 A geometrical tolerance applied to a feature defines the tolerance zone within which the feature (surface, axis, or median plane)
is to be contained (see 3.7 and 3.8).

3.2 According to the characteristic which is to be toleranced and the manner in which it is dimensioned, the tolerance zone is one of
the following :
- the area within a circle;
- the area between two concentric circles;

1) At present at the stage of draft. (Revision of ISOIR 129-1959.)

2) At present at the stage of draft. (Revision of IS0 1101/2-1974.)
3) At present at the stage of draft.
IS0 1101-1993 (Ii)

- the area between two equidistant lines or two parallel straight lines;
- the space within a cylinder;
- the space between two coaxial cylinders;
- the space between two equidistant planes or two parallel planes;
- the space within a parallelepiped.

3.3 The toleranced feature may be of any form or orientation within this tolerance zone, unless a more restrictive indication is given,
for example by an explanatory note (see figures 8 and 9).

3.4 Unless otherwise specified as in clauses 9 and 11, the tolerance applies to the whole length or surface of the considered feature.

3.5 The datum feature is a real feature of a part, which is used to establish the location of a datum (see IS0 5459).

3.6 Geometrical tolerances which are assigned to features related to a datum do not limit the form deviations of the datum feature
itself. The form of a datum feature shall be sufficiently accurate for its purpose and it may therefore be necessary to specify tolerances
of form for the datum features.

3.7 The straightness or flatness of a single toleranced feature is deemed to be correct when the distance of its individual points from
a superimposed surface of ideal geometrical form is equal to or less than the value of the specified tolerance. The orientation of the
ideal line or surface shall be chosen so that the maximum distance between it and the actual surface of the feature concerned is the
least possible value.

Example :

Figure 1

Possible orientations of the line or surface : Al - Bl A2 - f32 A3 - B3

Corresponding distances : 4 h2 h3

In the case of figure 1 : hl < hz < h3

Therefore the correct orientation of the ideal line or surface is A, - B,. The distance h, is to be equal to or less than the specified
tolerance.

3.8 For the definition of circularity and cylindricity, the location of the two concentric circles or coaxial cylinders shall be chosen so
that the radial distance between them is the minimum.

Example :

Figure 2

2
 ISO 1101-1993 (E)

Possible location of the centres of the two concentric circles or the axes of the two coaxial cylinders and their minimal radial distances.

Centre (Cl) of At locates two concentric circles or two coaxial cylinders.

Centre (C2) of A2 locates two concentric circles or two coaxial cylinders with minimal radial distance.

Corresponding radial distances : 4 Ar2

In the case of figure 2 : Ar2 -c Arl

Therefore the correct location of the two concentric circles or the two coaxial cylinders is the one designated A2 The radial distance
Ar2 should then be equal to or less than the specified tolerance.

4 Symbols
Table 1 - Symbols for toleranced characteristics

Features and tolerances Toleranced characteristics Symbols Subclauses

Straightness 14.1

Flatness c7 14.2
Single features
Circularity 14.3
Form tolerances
0
Cylindricity 14.4
KY

Profile of any line n 14.5

Single or related features
Profile of any surface n 14.6

Parallelism 14.7
/I

Orientation tolerances Perpendicularity 14.8

1

Angularity 1 14.9

Position 14.10
$-
Related features
Location tolerances Concentricity and coaxiality
00 14.11

-
Symmetry = 14.12

Circular run-out 14.13

f
Run-out tolerances
Total run-out 14.14

3
IS0 1101-1983 (E)

Table 2 - Additional symbols

Toleranced feature indications

Datum indications

Datum target

Theoretically exact dimension

Projected tolerance zone

Maximum material condition

5 Tolerance frame

5.1 The tolerance requirements are shown in a rectangular frame which is divided into two or more compartments. These compart-
ments contain, from left to right, in the following order (see figures 3, 4 and 5) :

- the symbol for the characteristic to be toleranced;

- the tolerance value in the unit used for linear dimensions. This value is preceded by the sign o if the tolerance zone is circular
or cylindrical;

- if appropriate, the letter or letters identifying the datum feature or features (see figures 4 and 5).

Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5

5.2 Remarks related to the tolerance, for example “6 holes”, “4 surfaces” or “6x” shall be written above the frame (see figures 6
and 7).

6holes
p-/-q
Figure 6 Figure 7

5.3 Indications qualifying the form of the feature within the tolerance zone shall be written near the tolerance frame and may be
connected by a leader line (see figures 8 and 9).

Figure 8 Figure 9

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 IS0 1101-1963 (E)

5.4 If it is necessary to specify more than one tolerance characteristic for a feature, the tolerance specifications are given in
tolerance frames one under the other (see figure IO).

Figure 10

6 Toleranced features

The tolerance frame is connected to the toleranced feature by a leader line terminating with an arrow in the following way :

- on the outline of the feature or an extension of the outline (but clearly separated from the dimension line) when the tolerance
refers to the line or surface itself (see figures 11 and 12).

Figure 11 Figure 12

- as an extension of a dimension line when the tolerance refers to the axis or median plane defined by the feature so dimen-
sioned (see figures 13 to 15).

--.
FE3
Figure 13 Figure 14 Figure 15

- on the axis when the tolerance refers to the axis or median plane of all features common to that axis or median plane (see
figures 16, 17 and 18).

.--.1”
_-.
Figure 16 Figure 17
M Figure 18

NOTE - Whether a tolerance should be applied to the contour of a cylindrical or symmetrical feature or to its axis or median plane respectively
depends on the functional requirements.

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IS0 1101-1993 (E)

7 Tolerance zones
7.1 The width of the tolerance zone is in the direction of the arrow of the leader line joining the tolerance frame to the feature which
is toleranced, unless the tolerance value is preceded by the sign m (see figures 19 and 20).

Et
Figure 19
a Figure 20

7.2 In general, the direction of the width of the tolerance zone is normal to the specified geometry of the part (see figures 21
and 22).

Figure 21 Figure 22

7.3 The direction of the width of the tolerance zone shall be indicated when desired not normal to the specified geometry of the
part (see figures 23 and 24).

Figure 23 Figure 24
 IS0 1101-1983 (E)

7.4 Individual tolerance zones of the same value applied to several separate features can be specified as shown in figures25and26.

L+I+
A

I I
ET
I
r
i

1
h-
ItI5

Figure 25 Figure 26

7.5 Where a common tolerance zone is applied to several separate features, the requirement is indicated by the words “common
zone” above the tolerance frame (see figures 27 and 28).

g/:;-
commonzone
-- (El] Ql 1
A A A
----
g
+ -e- -+
\ -

3 4ik % JJL A= k

Figure 27 Figure 2%

8 Datums

8.1 When a toleranced feature is related to a datum, this is generally shown by datum letters. The same letter which defines the
datum is repeated in the tolerance frame.

To identify the datum, a capital letter enclosed in a frame is connected to a solid or blank datum triangle (see figures 29 and 30).

Figure 29 Figure 30

8.2 The datum triangle with the datum letter is placed :

- on the outline of the feature or an extension of the outline (but clearly separated from the dimension line), when the datum
feature is the line or surface itself (see figure 31).

Figure 31

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IS0 1101-1993 (E)

- as an extension of the dimension line when the datum feature is the axis or median plane (see figures 32 to 34).

NOTE - If there is insufficient space for two arrows, one of them may be replaced by the datum triangle (see figures 33 and 34).

Figure 32 Figure 33 Figure 34

- on the axis or median plane when the datum is :

a) the axis or median plane of a single feature (for example a cylinder);

b) the common axis or plane formed by two features (see figure 35).

1
A
-
-
-
-

11

Figure 35

8.3 If the tolerance frame can be directly connected with the datum feature by a leader line, the datum letter may be omitted (see
figures 36 and 37).

Figure 36 Figure 37

8.4 A single datum is identified by a capital letter (see figure 38).

A common datum formed by two datum features is identified by two datum letters separated by a hyphen (see figure 39).

If the sequence of two or more datum features is important the datum letters are placed in different compartments (see figure 461,
where the sequence from left to right shows the order of priority.

If the sequence of two or more datum features is not important the datum letters are indicated in the same compartment (see
figure 41).

r/--pq rj--pq ]AjBjC CEIZI

Figure 39 Figure 39 Figure 40 Figure 41

 -ISO 1101-1983 (E)

9 Restrictive specifications

9.1 If the tolerance is applied to a restricted length, lying anywhere, the value of this length shall be added after the tolerance value
and separated from it by an oblique stroke.

In the case of a surface, the same indication is used. This means that the tolerance applies to all lines of the restricted length in any
position and any direction (see figure 42).

Figure 42

9.2 If a smaller tolerance of the same type is added to the tolerance on the whole feature, but restricted over a limited length, the
restrictive tolerance shall be indicated in the lower compartment (see figure 43).

Figure 43

9.3 If the tolerance is applied to a restricted part of the feature only, this shall be dimensioned as shown in figure 44.

cl

Figure 44

9.4 If the datum is applied to a restricted part of the datum feature only, this shall be dimensioned as shown in figure 45.

+//I a1 )

A-.- I ’

Figure 45

9.5 Restrictions to the form of the feature within the tolerance zone are shown in 5.3.

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IS0 1101-1983 (E)

IO Theoretically exact dimensions

If tolerances of position or of profile or of angularity are prescribed for a feature, the dimensions determining the theoretically exact
position, profile or angle respectively, shall not be toleranced.

These dimensions are enclosed, for example cl.30 The corresponding actual dimensions of the part are subject only to the position
tolerance, profile tolerance or angularity tolerance specified within the tolerance frame (see figures 46 and 47).

-6 A

Figure 45 Figure 47

11 Projected tolerance zone

In some cases the tolerances of orientation and location shall apply not to the feature itself but to the external projection of it.
Such projected tolerance zones are to be indicated by the symbol @ (see figure 46).

Figure 48

12 Maximum material condition

The indication that the tolerance value applies at the maximum material condition is shown by the symbol @$ placed after :
- the tolerance value (see figure 49);
- the datum letter (see figure 50);
- or both (see figure 51);
according to whether the maximum material principle is to be applied respectively to the toleranced feature, the datum feature or both.

Figure 49 Figure 50 Figure 51

 IS0 1101-1983 (El

13 Definitions of tolerances

13.1 The various geometrical tolerances are defined with their tolerance zones in the following pages. In all the illustrations of the
definitions only those deviations are shown with which the definitions deal.

13.2 Where required for functional reasons, one or more characteristics will be toleranced to define the geometrical accuracy of a
feature. When the geometrical accuracy of a feature is defined by a certain type of tolerance, other deviations of this feature in some
cases will be controlled by this tolerance (for example, straightness deviation is limited by parallelism tolerance). Thus it would rarely
be necessary to symbolize all of these characteristics, since the other deviations are included on the zone of tolerance defined by the
symbol specified.

However, certain other types of tolerances do not control other deviations (for example, straightness tolerance does not control
deviation of parallelism).

13.3 For some tolerance zones (for example, for straightness of a line or axis in one direction only) there are two possible methods
of graphical representation :

- by two parallel planes a distance I apart (see figure 521;

- by two parallel straight lines a distance t apart (see figure 53).

Figure 52 shows a three-dimensional representation, figure 53 its projection in a plane.

Figure 52 Figure 53

There is no difference in the meaning of the two representations-(such a tolerance does not restrict the deviation in any direction
perpendicular to the arrow). The simpler method as shown in figure 53 is normally used in this International Standard.

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24
 International Standard

toleranced feature unless otherwise specified, for example 0,02/50 in-

Form tolerances limit the deviations of an individual feature from its ideal dicates that a tolerance of 0,02 is permitted for an extent of 50 at any
geometrical form. place on the toleranced feature.
When a geometrical tolerance applies to an axis or a median plane, then
Orientation, location and run-out tolerances limit the deviations of the the arrow of the leader line terminates at the dimension line (figure 4).
mutual orientation and/or location of two or more features. For func-
tional reasons one or more features may be indicated as a datum. If When a geometrical tolerance applies to a line or surface itself, then the
necessary, a geometrical tolerance should be specified to the datum leader line with its arrow terminating on the contour of the feature has to
feature in order to ensure that the datum feature is sufficiently exact for be clearly separated from the dimension line (figure 5).
its purpose. The Same method of indication is used for the datum triangle.

Figure 1 Figure 2

Maximum material Projected tolerance

condition (MMCI
Values in millimetre
Examples of indication and interpretation
Symbols and toleranced characteristics
Indication on the drawing Tolerance zone Interpretation
The axis of the cylinder, to which the tolerance frame is
- Straightness connected shall be contained in a cylindrical zone 01
e+ -@ & diameter 608.

The surface shall be contained between two parallel

3 0 Flatness
5
;i;
2 The circumference of each cross-section shall be con
or tained between two co-planar concentric circles 0,l
P Circularity
iE
‘D
The consider& surface shall bs contained be&veer
two coaxial n/linders 0.1 apart.

two surfaces enveloping sp

Profile of any surface centres of which are situated on a surface having the
true geometrical form.

to a datum line

connected, shall be contained between two parallel

planes 0.1 apart, perpendicular to the datum surface.

surface A (datum surface).

of the slot shall be contained be-

atum axis A-B.

.. .. -^- _- _.
Price crouo A
 - Tolkrancement gkomhtrique -
tohancer et symboles - Exemples d’indication

Ce document constitue un extrait de I’ISO 1101, approprik a un emploi La tokrance gkom&rique se rapporte toujours B la totalit de I’Bl8ment
quotidien dans la pratique. tol&anc& sauf autres sptkifications, par axemple : 0,02/50 signifie
qu’une tokrance de 0,02 est permise pour la longueur 50 placQ a
Les tokrances de forme dblimitent les deviations d’un Mment individuel n’importe quel endroit de l’&ment tokranc&
de sa forme gbmbtrique idbale. Si une tokrance gdom&rique s’appli ue A I’axe ou un plan mbdian, la
ligne de rep&e est,terminbe par une fl s the aboutkant dans le prolonge-
Les tokrances d’orientation, position et battement dllimitent les dbvia- ment de la ligne de tote (figure 4).
tions d’orientation et/au de osition collective de deux ou plusieurs I%- Si une tolkance g6om6trique s’applique B la Ii ne ou B la surface elle-
ments. Par rapport I une r&f6rence fonctionnelle, un ou plusieurs 611% mkme, la Ii ne de rep&e terminbe par une fl%the aboutissant sur le
ments peuvent Btre indiqubs. La forme d’un Bkment de reference doit contour de 91Mment doit Btre clairement &pa&e de la ligne de tote
dtre suffisamment prtkise pour qu’il puisse dtre utilis6 comme tel; il peut (figure 51.
Btre nkessaire d’indiquer des tokrances de forme pour les Bl6ments de
r6fkence. La meme mkthode d’indication est utiliske pour le triangle de rbfbrence.

Figure 1 tokancer Figure 2

hat au maximum Zone de tolhance Mfkence pertielle Figure 4 Figure 5

‘g”re ’ 8 de mat&e Fig”re 7 8 projetbe (voir IS0 54591 Valeurs an millim&re
I Exemples d’indication et d’interprbtation
Symboles et caractkistiques rJ tolhancer
- t Indication sur le dessin Zone de tolerance lnterpr&ation
c
L’axe du cylindre rel% au cadre de la tokrance doit Btre
- Rectitude
compris dans une zone cylindrique de 0,OS de diatitre.

--\
.. ‘\ La surface doit ktre comprise entre dew plans paraMes
n PIam%
distants de 0,08.

- GzP
Le pourtour de chaqua section droite doit Btre compris
entre deux cercles coplanairaa concentriques distants
0 Circularit de 0.1.

- La surface considkke doit Btre comprise entre deux

cylindres coaxiaux distants de 0.1.
M CylindricitB

Dans chsque section paralMe au plan de la projection,

le profil consid& doit 6tre compris entre deux lignes
n Forme d’une ligne enveloppes das cercles de diam&re 0.04 dont les cen-
quelconque tres sont situ&s sur une ligne ayant le profil gkom&rique
correct.
-
La surface considkrke doit Btre comprise entre deux sur-
Forme d’une surface faces envaloppes das spheres de diambtre 0.02 dont les
n quelconque centres sont situ&s sur une surface ayant la forme g&2-
mPrique correcte.

L’axe tolkranc6 doit &a compris dans une zone cylin-

ParalMisme drique de diam&re 0,03, parall&le ?I l’axe de reference A
(droite de rhf&ence).
// d’une ligne (axe) par rapport
B une droite de r6Wrence
Q
L’axe du cylindre reli4 au cadre de tokance doit 6tre
Perpendicularit compris entre deux plans parall&as distants de 0.1 et
l- d’une ligne (axe) par rapport perpendiculaires a la surface de r6fCence.
B une surface de r6flrence

L’axe du trou doit Cre compris entre deux plans parall&

lnclinaison les distants de 0.08 et inclirk de 60” par rapport 2 la
L d’une ligne (axe) par rappon surface A (surface da r8fkence).
a une surface de r6fkence
-
L’axe du trou doit %re compris dans une zone cylindri-
que de diametre 0.08 dont l’exe ast dans la position
Localisation I 0t thkriquement exacte de la ligne considdrka par rapport
+I+ d’une ligne aux surfaces A et B (plans de r6fbrencel.
3-I
L’axe du cyiindre dont la tote est relit% au cadre de toI&
Coaxialit rance doit Btre compris dsns une zone cyiindrique de
c3 diam&re O,C8 coaxiale B l’axe de rkfkence A-B.
d’un axe
-
Le plan median de la rainure doit &tre compris entre
Sym&rie deux plans paraMes distants de 0.08 et disposb sym&
F triquement au plan median par rapport C+1’816ment de
d’un plan median reference A.
-
Le battement radial ne doit pas depasser 0.1 dens cha-
que plan de mesurage pendant une rkolution cornpI&
Battement circulaire autour de l’axe de reference A-B.
f radial

- -
Le battement total radial ne doit pas dbpassar 0,l en
chaque point de la surface apkifi6e durant plusieurs
Battement total kvolutions autour da l’axe da r6f6rence A-t, et avec un
& radial
mouvement axial relatif entre la pike et I’instrument de
mesurage. Le mouvement doit Btre guide le long d’une
liane de contour de forme thkwiouement oarfaite. &ant
- aln oosition correcie oar ;aoaortk i’axe de r8f&nce.