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    Small Intestine

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    iron
    The small intestine is a long, narrow tube that extends from the stomach to the large intestine. It is divided into three sections - the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The small intestine walls contain several layers including mucosa, submucosa, and muscularis. It contains structural features like villi and microvilli that significantly increase its absorptive surface area. Glands in the small intestine secrete enzymes and juices to further break down nutrients from foods. As digestion is completed, nutrients are absorbed through the small intestine walls into blood vessels and lymphatic vessels which transport them throughout the body.

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    Small Intestine

    Uploaded by

    iron
    128 views2 pages
    The small intestine is a long, narrow tube that extends from the stomach to the large intestine. It is divided into three sections - the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The small intestine walls contain several layers including mucosa, submucosa, and muscularis. It contains structural features like villi and microvilli that significantly increase its absorptive surface area. Glands in the small intestine secrete enzymes and juices to further break down nutrients from foods. As digestion is completed, nutrients are absorbed through the small intestine walls into blood vessels and lymphatic vessels which transport them throughout the body.

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    The small intestine is a long, narrow tube that extends from the stomach to the large intestine. It is divided into three sections - the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The small intestine walls contain several layers including mucosa, submucosa, and muscularis. It contains structural features like villi and microvilli that significantly increase its absorptive surface area. Glands in the small intestine secrete enzymes and juices to further break down nutrients from foods. As digestion is completed, nutrients are absorbed through the small intestine walls into blood vessels and lymphatic vessels which transport them throughout the body.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    128 views2 pages

    Small Intestine

    Uploaded by

    iron
    The small intestine is a long, narrow tube that extends from the stomach to the large intestine. It is divided into three sections - the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The small intestine walls contain several layers including mucosa, submucosa, and muscularis. It contains structural features like villi and microvilli that significantly increase its absorptive surface area. Glands in the small intestine secrete enzymes and juices to further break down nutrients from foods. As digestion is completed, nutrients are absorbed through the small intestine walls into blood vessels and lymphatic vessels which transport them throughout the body.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Small Intestine

    The longest organ of the GI tract, the small intestine is a tube about 21 (6,35 m) long long and 1
    (2,5 cm) in diameter. The small intestine extand from the pyloric sphincter to the ileocecal valve.,
    where it joins the large intestine.

    The small intestine has three major divisions :

    1. Duodenum, the first division- roughly 10 (25 cm) long.


    2. Jejunum, the middle portion - about 8 (2,5 m) long.
    3. Ileum, the third portion aproximately 12 (3,7 m) long.

    Intestine Wall

    The intestinal wall consist of several layers :

    1. Mucosa
    2. Submucosa
    3. Muscularis (consisting of circular and longitudinal smooth muscle)
    4. Serosa (visceral peritoneum).

    Peyers patches, located in the ileum, are collections of lymphatic tissue in the submucosa. Structural
    features of the wall of small intestine significantly increase its absorptive surface area. These features
    include :

    - Plicae curculares circular folds of the intestinal mucosa


    - Villi fingerlike projections of the mucosa
    - Microvilli tiny cytoplasmic projection of the surface of epithelial cells.

    Intestinal Juice

    Intestinal crypts, simple glands in the grooves separating villi., secretes digestive juices and provide
    replacement epithelial cells for the villi. The small intestine secretes 2-3 L per day of intestial juice.
    This slightly alkaline liquid (pH 7.6) contains water, mucous and the following enzyme:

    Carbohydrate digestive maltase, sucrase, and lactase.

    Protein digesting peptidase.

    Nucleic acid digesting ribonuclease and dioxyribonuclease.

    Brunners submucosal glands in the duodenum secrete an alkaline mucous to protect the walls of the
    mucosa from the enzymes.

    Functions

    The main function of small intestine is to complete digestion. Segmented contraction mix its
    contents, and peristalsis propeles the contents toward the large intestine.
    * Abnormal peristasis can cause cintstipation, diarrhea, or both, as occurs in irritable bowel
    syndrome. If the patient exhibits signs of abnormal peristalsis, expect treatment to include stress
    reduction, smoking cessation, high-fiber diet, antispasmodics, laxatives, antidiarrheal agents, or
    tranquilizers, depending on the diagnosis.

    Most of the nutrients, waters, and electrocytes in foods are digested and absorbed during the 6-8
    hours passage through the small intestine. The intestinal hormones cholecystokinin and secretin
    regulate gull bladder functions, as well as pancreatic fluid and blue secretion.

    As digestion reach completion, nutrient molecules are basorbed through the wall of the small
    intestine into the circulatory system, which transports them throughout the body.

    Blood supply and lymphatic drainage

    The superior mesenteric artery, which branches off fromm the aorta, supplies the small intestine.
    The superior mesenteric vein and its branches return blood from the small intestine via the hepatic
    portal system. Lymphatic drainage of the intestine occurs via intestinal nodes and the intestinal
    trunk, which is part of the thoracic duct system

    Innervation

    The sympathetic and parasmypathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system control contraction
    off smooth muscles in the intestinal wall.

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