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    Emphysema 1

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    Emphysema is a chronic lung disease characterized by abnormal enlargement of the airspaces in the lungs and destruction of their walls. It is caused by long-term inhalation of irritants like cigarette smoke, which damages the lungs over time. The main symptoms of emphysema are cough, excess sputum production, and shortness of breath with physical exertion that worsens as the disease progresses. A physical exam may reveal prolonged exhalation, wheezing, barrel chest, and cyanosis in more severe cases.

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    Emphysema 1

    Uploaded by

    iron
    92 views7 pages
    Emphysema is a chronic lung disease characterized by abnormal enlargement of the airspaces in the lungs and destruction of their walls. It is caused by long-term inhalation of irritants like cigarette smoke, which damages the lungs over time. The main symptoms of emphysema are cough, excess sputum production, and shortness of breath with physical exertion that worsens as the disease progresses. A physical exam may reveal prolonged exhalation, wheezing, barrel chest, and cyanosis in more severe cases.

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    Emphysema is a chronic lung disease characterized by abnormal enlargement of the airspaces in the lungs and destruction of their walls. It is caused by long-term inhalation of irritants like cigarette smoke, which damages the lungs over time. The main symptoms of emphysema are cough, excess sputum production, and shortness of breath with physical exertion that worsens as the disease progresses. A physical exam may reveal prolonged exhalation, wheezing, barrel chest, and cyanosis in more severe cases.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    92 views7 pages

    Emphysema 1

    Uploaded by

    iron
    Emphysema is a chronic lung disease characterized by abnormal enlargement of the airspaces in the lungs and destruction of their walls. It is caused by long-term inhalation of irritants like cigarette smoke, which damages the lungs over time. The main symptoms of emphysema are cough, excess sputum production, and shortness of breath with physical exertion that worsens as the disease progresses. A physical exam may reveal prolonged exhalation, wheezing, barrel chest, and cyanosis in more severe cases.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
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    EMPHYSEMA

    DEFINITION OF THE DISEASE

    Emphysema is a condition of the lung


    characterized by abnormal enlargement of
    the airspaces distal to the terminal
    bronchiole, accompanied by destruction of
    their walls and without obvious fibrosis
    Pulmonary emphysema literally means
    excess air in the lungs
    Chronic Pulmonary emphysema - complex
    obstructive and destructive process of the
    lungs generally is meant
    Mechanism of Cough in Emphysema

    Chronic infection
    caused by inhaling
    smoke/other subs. w/c
    irritates bronchi and
    bronchioles

    Deranges the normal Mucus cant be moved


    protective mechanism easily out of the
    of the airways-partial passageway-
    paralysis of the cilia stimulation of excess
    caused by nicotine mucus secretion occur
    Clinical Term Anatomic site Major Pathologic Etiology Signs
    Changes & Symptoms

    Chronic Bronchus Mucous gland Tobacco Cough,


    Bronchitis hyperplasia, smoke, air sputum
    hypersecretion pollutants production

    Emphysema Acinus Airspace Tobacco Dyspnea


    enlargement; smoke
    Wall destruction
    A. History
    3 most common symptoms in COPD:
    Cough, Sputum production, & Exertional dyspnea
    Many patients seeking medical attention after
    months or years
    It is best to elicit a history on how the patient
    perform their physical activities has changed
    Arm work particularly at or above shoulder level- difficult for COPD
    patient
    As the COPD advances excertional dyspnea worsen
    In the most advanced stages, patients are breathless
    doing simple activities of daily living.
    B. Physical Examination
    In the early stages of COPD, patients usually have an
    entirely normal physical examination
    In patients with more severe disease, the physical
    examination is notable for a prolonged expiratory phase
    and expiratory wheezing
    In addition, signs of hyperinflation include a barrel chest
    (hyperresonance) and enlarged lung volumes with poor
    diaphragmatic excursion as assessed by percussion.
    Patient may develop cyanosis, visible in the lips and
    nail beds
    Laboratory Findings

    Arterial Blood Gases


    Change in pH with PCO2 is 0.08 units/10 mmHg acutely
    0.03 units/10 mmHg in the chronic state
    An elevated hematocrit suggests the presence of
    chronic hypoxemia
    Radiographic studies may assist in the
    classification of the type of COPD. Obvious
    bullae, paucity of parenchymal markings, or
    hyperlucency suggest the presence of
    emphysema

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