Amine Processing Unit DEA

Gas Sweetening
131
Step 5. Calculate Volume of Iron Sponge to

Purchase (Equation 1-7b)
SI units
Bu 0.0022 d2H
Bum 7.85 105 d2H
Where
Bu iron sponge volume,
bushels
Bum iron sponge volume, m3
Bu 0.0022(76.2)2 (3)
Bu 38 bushels
Example Problem 2: Amine Processing

Unit (DEA)
Given:
Gas volume
120,000 std m3/h
Gas gravity
0.67 SG (Air 1.0)
Pressure
7000 kPa (A)
Gas temperature
38 C
CO2 inlet
4.03%
CO2 outlet
2%
H2S inlet 19 ppm 0.0019%

H2S outlet
4 ppm
Max. ambient temp 38 C

Solution:
Step 1. Process Selection
Total acid gas inlet 4.03 0.0019
4.032%
Partial pressure of inlet acid gas 7000
(4.032/100) 282 kPa (41 psia)
Total acid gas outlet 2.0%
Partial pressure of outlet acid gas 7000
(2.0/100) 140 kPa (20 psia)
132
Gas Sweetening and Processing Field Manual
From 1 to 29 (CO2 removal no H2S present)

for removing CO2 and H2S, possible processes
are Amines, SulfinolW, and Carbonates.
The most common selection for this
application is a DEA unit.
Step 2. DEA Circulation Rate (Equation 1-8b)
Determine the circulation rate.
Oilfield units
LDEA
192Qg XA
crAL
Where
LMEA MEA circulation rete, m3/h
LDEA DEA circulation rete, m3/h
Qg gas flow rate, std m3/h
XA required reduction in total acid gas
fraction, moles acid gas removed/
mole inlet gas. Note: XA represents
moles of all acid components, that is,
CO2, H2S, and Meracaptans, as MEA
and DEA are not selective
c amine weight fraction, kg amine/kg
solution (lbs amine/ lbs solution)
r solution density, kg/m3 (lbs/gal)
AL acid gas loading, mole acid gas/mole
amine
1.045 1000 kg/m3 1045 kg/m3
c 0.35 kg/kg
AL 0.50 mol/mol
Qg 120,000 std m3/h
XA 4.032% 0.04032
Note: In order to meet the H2S outlet, virtually
all the CO2 must be removed, as DEA is not
selective for H2S.
Determine the circulation rate
LDEA
4:39120,0000:04032
0:3510450:50
116 m3 =h
Add 10% for safety 128 m3/h
Gas Sweetening
133
Step 3. Reboiler Duty (Equation 1-9b)

Determine the reboiler duty
SI units
qreb 77,421LDEA
Where
qreb reboiler duty, W
LMEA MEA circulation rete, m3/h (gpm)
LDEA DEA circulation rete, m3/h (gpm)
qreb 77,421128
qreb 10,000,000 W
Step 4. Absorber Heat Balance
Perform a heat balance around the absorber
as follows:
Set lean amine inlet temperature at 5 C
higher than inlet gas, or 43 C.
Assume gas leaving absorber has 3 C
approach to inlet amine, or 46 C exit
temperature.
Determine heat of reaction for CO2 absorbed
using loading and circulation with safety
factor considered.
Moles CO2
120,000 std m3 =h 0:04032
moles CO2
absorbed
10:87 std m3 =mol
445 mol=h CO2
Moles DEA
128 m3 =h 1045 kg=m3
circulated
0:35 kg=kg mol=47:7 kg
980 mol=h
Loading moles CO2 =mole DEA 445=980
0:45
From Table 1-5, using 35 wt% DEA, the heat
of reaction for CO2 is 1,395,000 J/kg
Heat of reaction due to the CO2 is
1,395,000 J/kg 445 mol/h 1/3600
20 kg/mol 3,450,000 W
Determine heat of reaction for H2S absorbed.
134
120,000 std m3 =h
0:000019 0:000004
Moles H2 S
10:87 std m3 =mol
absorbed
0:166 mol h H2 S
Use 1,300,000 Js/kg H2S 0.166 mol/h
1/3600 15.4 kg/mol 923 W
Calculate the DEA outlet temperature at the
contactor.
120,000 std m3 =h 0:67
13:14 kg=mol
Gas flow rate
1087 std m3 =mol
97,200 kg=h
Heat gained by gas stream
q 97,200 kg=h 46 38 C
h
580,000 W
3600 s
Heat lost to atmospherethis depends on
atmospheric temperature, surface area, wind
velocity, etc. Assume 5% of reaction heat lost
to atmosphere for an un-insulated absorber.
2700 J=kg C
Total heat gained in outlet Amine Heat of

Reaction heat gained by gas stream heat
lost to atmosphere.
Heat gained 3,450,000 580,000
(3,450,000 .05) 2,700,000 W
Rich amine outlet temperature
2,700,000 J=s3600 s=h

43 C
128 m3 =h1045 kg=m3
0:915 Btu=lbs F
4187 J=kg K=1 Btu=lbs F
Step 5. Flash Tank

Determine flash tank size using the principles
on Two Phase Separators, based on:
Operating pressure 1035 kPa (G)
Operating temperature 62 C
Amine rate 128 m3/h
Max CO2 flashed 445 mol=h
20 kg=mol
8900 kg=h
Gas Sweetening
135
(Max) H2S absorbed negligible

Size for 3 min retention time operating
1/2 full.
Step 6. Rich/Lean Exchanger
Determine the rich/lean amine exchanger
duty:
Lean amine flow 128 m3 =h 1045 kg=m3
134,000 kg=h
Rich amine flow 134,000 445 mol CO2 =h
20 kg=mol 0:166 mol=h
15:4 kg=mol
143,000 kg=h
Assume DEA Reboiler Temperature is 120 and
17 C approach of Rich Amine to Lean Amine.
Rich Amine Inlet Temperature 62 C
(from contactor)
Rich Amine Outlet Temperature 12017 C
103 C
Calculate lean amine outlet temperature,
assuming specific heat of rich amine is the
same as the specific heat of lean amine
3830 J/kg K

143,000
Tout 120 C 103 62
134,000
76 C
Exchanger duty
143,000 kg=h 3830 J=kg K
h
103 62 K
3600 s
624 106 W
Step 7. Stripper Overhead
Set the stripper overhead condenser outlet
temperature and calculate the flow rates of
acid gas and steam. Size the condenser and
determine the reflux rate. the acid gas and
steam will be vented, flared, or processed
further for removal of H2S.
Set condenser temperature at 17 C above
maximum atmospheric temperature, that is,
55 C.
136
From steam tables the partial pressure of

water at 55 C is 15.8 kPa.
Stripper and reflux drum will operate at
170 kPa (A).
Calculate the vapor rate leaving the reflux
condenser
SI units
VR
PR 101:35AG
1

PR 101:35 PPH2 O 24
Where
Vr mole rate of vapor leaving
condenser, kg mol/h
PR reflux drum pressure, kPa
AG moles acid gas/day, kg mol/day
PPH2 O partial pressure of water at the
condenser outlet temperature,
kPa abs
VR
170 mol CO2 mol H2 S

170 PPH2 O
VR
170 445 0:166

491 mol=h
170 15:8
Vsteam 491 445:166 45:6 mol=h

WH2 O 4:56 mol=h 8:16 kg=mol
372kg=h lost from condenser
Step 8. Condenser Duty and Reflux Rate
Determine the condenser duty and reflux rate
by performing an energy balance around the
stripper.
qreb qsteam qH2 S qCO2 qamine qcond
The heat required to vaporize the acid gases
(reverse the reaction) is
qCO2 3,450,000 W
and qH2 S
Calculate the heat differential between the

heat in and the heat out for the lean DEA
qla 134,000 kg=h
3830 J=kg K120 103
2,420,000 W
1h
3600 s
Gas Sweetening
137
qcond 10,000,000 2,420,000

3,451,000
qcond 4,130,000 W
The reflux condenser must cool the acid gas
and steam from the top tray temperature to
55 C and condense the amount required for
reflux.
Assume a top tray temperature of 99 C.
Heat required to cool the acid gas is
approximately
qag 445:2 mol=h 20 kg=mol
2700 J=kg K 99 55
1
3600
294,000 W
Wreflux
4,130,000 294,000 J=s

2676 230 J=g
1568 g=s
3600 s
5600 kg=h
h
Calculate the vapors leaving the top tray

Vtop 445:2 mol=h AG
5600 372
8
1200 mol=h vapors steam and acid gas

PPH2 O in top vapors
1200 445 170 kPaA

1200 mol=h total
107 kPa
This PPH2 O of 107 kPa is equivalent to a
temperature of about 103 C from
Table 1-7.
Recalculate, assuming top tray temperature of
103 C. Then heat required to cool the acid
gas is
qag 445:2 20 2700 103 55
1

3600
321,000 W
Wreflux
4,130,000 321,000 W
5600 kg=h
2680 230
3600
1000
138
Vtop 445:2 mol=h

1200 mol=h
5600 372
8
mole=day water 1200 445:2 754:8

754:8
PPH2 O in top vapors
170 107 kPa
1200
This is equivalent to a top tray temperature
of 103 C.
Step 9. Reflux Accumulator
Size the reflux accumulator using the
principles on two phase separators for the
following conditions:
Liquid volume 5600 kg/h water
Vapor volume 491 mol/h or
130,000 std m3/day
Operating pressure 170 kPa (A)
Operating temperature 55 C
Step 10. Lean Amine Cooler
Determine the lean amine cooler duty to cool
the amine from the amine/amine exchanger
outlet temperature of 76 C to the contactor
inlet temperature of 43 C.
q 134,000 kg=h 3830 J=kg K
1h
76 43 K
3600 s
4,700,000 W
Step 11. Booster Pump and Circulation Pump
Determine the lean amine booster pump and
main circulation pump HP requirements.
DP LLA
3598e
Assume P of 70 kPa for lean/rich exchanger,
70 kPa for amine cooler, 35 kPa for filter, and
100 kPa for associated piping.
BHP
DP 2 70 35 100 275 kPa

Assume e 0.65.
275128
35980:65
15 kW required for circulation pump:
BHP
Gas Sweetening
139
For circulation pump, assume DP (6900 kPa).

6900128
35980:65
380 kW required for circulation pump:
BHP
NOMENCLATURE
AL
AG
BHP
Bu
c
CPDEA
CPLA
CPMEA
D
dmax
dmin
e
Fe
H
hL
hs
LDEA
LH2O
LLA
LMEA
P
PR
PPH2O
PPi
qag
qcond
qcooler
qDEA
Qg
qla
qMEA
qra
qreb
qvr
SG
acid gas loading, mole acid gas/mole amine

moles acid gas/day, kg mol/day (lbs mol/day)
pump brake horsepower, kW (HP)
iron sponge volume, m3 (bushels)
amine weight fraction, kg amine/kg solution
(lbs amine/lbs solution)
DEA specific heat, kJ/kg K (Btu/lbs F)
specific heat of lean amine, kJ/kg K (Btu/lbs F)
MEA specific heat, kJ/kg K (Btu/lbs F)
vessel internal diameter, cm (in)
maximum internal vessel diameter, cm (in)
minimum internal vessel diameter, cm (in)
efficiency
iron sponge content, kg Fe2O3/m3
(lbs Fe2O3/bushel)
bed height, m (ft)
enthalpy of water at condenser outlet temperature,
J/kg (Btu/lbs)
enthalpy of steam at the top tray temperature, J/kg
(Btu/lbs)
DEA circulation rate, m3/h (gpm)
water flow rate, m3/h (gpm)
lean amine circulation rate, m3/h (gpm)
MEA circulation rate, m3/h (gpm)
operating pressure, kPa absolute (psia)
reflux drum pressure, kPa, (psig)
partial pressure of water, kPa absolute (psia)
partial pressure of component i, kPa absolute (psia)
partial pressure of component i, kPa absolute (psia)
condenser duty, W (Btu/h)
lean amine cooler duty, W (Btu/h)
DEA exchanger duty, W (Btu/h)
gas flow rate, std m3/h (MMSCFD)
lean amine solution heat duty, W (Btu/h)
MEA exchanger duty, W (Btu/h)
rich amine solution heat duty, W (Btu/h)
reboiler duty, W (Btu/h)
heat duty to cool overhead vapors to condenser
outlet temperature, W (Btu/h)
specific gravity

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Gas Sweetening

Step 5. Calculate Volume of Iron Sponge to

Example Problem 2: Amine Processing

120,000 std m3/h

0.67 SG (Air 1.0)

7000 kPa (A)

H2S inlet 19 ppm 0.0019%

Max. ambient temp 38 C

Gas Sweetening and Processing Field Manual

From 1 to 29 (CO2 removal no H2S present)

Step 3. Reboiler Duty (Equation 1-9b)

Gas Sweetening and Processing Field Manual

Total heat gained in outlet Amine Heat of

2,700,000 J=s3600 s=h

Step 5. Flash Tank

(Max) H2S absorbed negligible

Gas Sweetening and Processing Field Manual

From steam tables the partial pressure of

170  mol CO2 mol H2 S

170  445 0:166

Vsteam 491 445:166 45:6 mol=h

Calculate the heat differential between the

qcond 10,000,000 2,420,000

4,130,000 294,000 J=s

Calculate the vapors leaving the top tray

1200 mol=h vapors steam and acid gas

1200 445  170 kPaA

Gas Sweetening and Processing Field Manual

Vtop 445:2 mol=h

mole=day water 1200 445:2 754:8

DP 2  70 35 100 275 kPa

For circulation pump, assume DP (6900 kPa).

acid gas loading, mole acid gas/mole amine

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170 mol CO2 mol H2 S

170 445 0:166

1200 445 170 kPaA

DP 2 70 35 100 275 kPa