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    Particle & Quantum Physics

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    Sudhanshu Srivastava
    Particle physics studies the fundamental constituents of matter and radiation. Modern particle physics focuses on subatomic particles like electrons, protons, neutrons, as well as photons, neutrinos, and exotic particles. Particles exhibit both particle-like and wave-like behavior described by quantum mechanics. Quantum mechanics explains the behavior of matter and energy at the atomic and subatomic level, where phenomena cannot be explained by classical physics. It describes nature as operating on discrete quantities called quanta, such as photons of light. Some aspects of quantum mechanics seem counterintuitive, like the uncertainty principle where precisely measuring one property makes another less precise.

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    Particle & Quantum Physics

    Uploaded by

    Sudhanshu Srivastava
    27 views2 pages
    Particle physics studies the fundamental constituents of matter and radiation. Modern particle physics focuses on subatomic particles like electrons, protons, neutrons, as well as photons, neutrinos, and exotic particles. Particles exhibit both particle-like and wave-like behavior described by quantum mechanics. Quantum mechanics explains the behavior of matter and energy at the atomic and subatomic level, where phenomena cannot be explained by classical physics. It describes nature as operating on discrete quantities called quanta, such as photons of light. Some aspects of quantum mechanics seem counterintuitive, like the uncertainty principle where precisely measuring one property makes another less precise.

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    Particle physics studies the fundamental constituents of matter and radiation. Modern particle physics focuses on subatomic particles like electrons, protons, neutrons, as well as photons, neutrinos, and exotic particles. Particles exhibit both particle-like and wave-like behavior described by quantum mechanics. Quantum mechanics explains the behavior of matter and energy at the atomic and subatomic level, where phenomena cannot be explained by classical physics. It describes nature as operating on discrete quantities called quanta, such as photons of light. Some aspects of quantum mechanics seem counterintuitive, like the uncertainty principle where precisely measuring one property makes another less precise.

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    27 views2 pages

    Particle & Quantum Physics

    Uploaded by

    Sudhanshu Srivastava
    Particle physics studies the fundamental constituents of matter and radiation. Modern particle physics focuses on subatomic particles like electrons, protons, neutrons, as well as photons, neutrinos, and exotic particles. Particles exhibit both particle-like and wave-like behavior described by quantum mechanics. Quantum mechanics explains the behavior of matter and energy at the atomic and subatomic level, where phenomena cannot be explained by classical physics. It describes nature as operating on discrete quantities called quanta, such as photons of light. Some aspects of quantum mechanics seem counterintuitive, like the uncertainty principle where precisely measuring one property makes another less precise.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Particle & Quantum Physics

    Particle Physics
    Particle physics is a branch of physics which studies the nature of particles
    that are the constituents of what is usually referred to as matter - particles
    with mass; and radiation - mass less particles. In current understanding,
    particles are excitations of quantum fields and interact following their
    dynamics. Although the word "particle" can be used in reference to many
    objects (e.g. a proton, a gas particle, or even household dust), the term
    "particle physics" usually refers to the study of "smallest" particles and the
    fundamental fields that must be defined in order to explain the observed
    particles. These cannot be defined by a combination of other fundamental
    fields. The current set of fundamental fields and their dynamics are
    summarized in a theory called the Standard Model, therefore particle physics
    is largely the study of the Standard Model's particle content and its possible
    extensions, with the recent finding of Higgs boson.

    Subatomic Particles
    Modern particle physics research is focused on subatomic particles, including
    atomic constituents such as electrons, protons, and neutrons (protons and
    neutrons are composite particles called baryons, made of quarks), produced
    by radioactive and scattering processes, such as photons, neutrinos, and
    muons, as well as a wide range of exotic particles. Dynamics of particles is
    also governed by quantum mechanics; they exhibit waveparticle duality,
    displaying particle-like behavior under certain experimental conditions and
    wave-like behavior in others. In more technical terms, they are described by
    quantum state vectors in a Hilbert space, which is also treated in quantum
    field theory. Following the convention of particle physicists, the term
    elementary particles is applied to those particles that are, according to
    current understanding, presumed to be indivisible and not composed of other
    particles.

    Quantum Mechanics
    Quantum mechanics is the science of the very small: the body of scientific
    principles that explains the behaviour of matter and its interactions with
    energy on the scale of atoms and subatomic particles.
    Classical physics explains matter and energy on a scale familiar to human
    experience, including the behaviour of astronomical bodies. It remains the

    key to measurement for much of modern science and technology. However,


    toward the end of the 19th century, scientists discovered phenomena in both
    the large (macro) and the small (micro) worlds that classical physics could
    not explain. As Thomas Kuhn explains in his analysis of the philosophy of
    science, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, coming to terms with these
    limitations led to two major revolutions in physics which created a shift in the
    original scientific paradigm: the theory of relativity and the development of
    quantum mechanics. This article describes how physicists discovered the
    limitations of classical physics and developed the main concepts of the
    quantum theory that replaced it in the early decades of the 20th century.
    These concepts are described in roughly the order in which they were first
    discovered. For a more complete history of the subject, see History of
    quantum mechanics.
    In this sense, the word quantum means the minimum amount of any physical
    entity involved in an interaction. Certain characteristics of matter can take
    only discrete values.
    Light behaves in some respects like particles and in other respects like
    waves. Matterparticles such as electrons and atomsexhibits wavelike
    behaviour too. Some light sources, including neon lights, give off only certain
    discrete frequencies of light. Quantum mechanics shows that light, along
    with all other forms of electromagnetic radiation, comes in discrete units,
    called photons, and predicts its energies, colours, and spectral intensities.
    Some aspects of quantum mechanics can seem counterintuitive or even
    paradoxical, because they describe behaviour quite different from that seen
    at larger length scales. In the words of Richard Feynman, quantum
    mechanics deals with "nature as She is absurd". For example, the uncertainty
    principle of quantum mechanics means that the more closely one pins down
    one measurement (such as the position of a particle), the less precise
    another measurement pertaining to the same particle (such as its
    momentum) must become.

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