Common Foundation Physical Q in A Level (Repaired)
Common Foundation Physical Q in A Level (Repaired)
Common Foundation Physical Q in A Level (Repaired)
(a)
204.0072 206.0612
1.37
207.0552
26.3
208.0602
20.8
51.53
Use these data to calculate a value, to 1 decimal place, for the Ar of lead.
3.
J96 P3 Q3
Which of the following contains 1 mol of the stated particles?
A chlorine molecules in 35.5 g of chlorine gas
B electrons in 3.01 x 1023 hydrogen molecules
C hydrogen ions in 1 dm3 of 1 mol dm3 aqueous sulfuric acid
D oxygen atoms in 22.4 dm3 of oxygen gas at s.t.p
4.
[1]
a
)
(
[2]
5.
[1]
Page21
(b) A mixture of 15.0 cm3 oxygen and 55.0 cm3 hydrogen is sparked
continuously at r.t.p.
completion,
(i) what is the total final volume of the reaction mixture at the end of [2]
reaction?
(ii) what is the maximum theoretical decrease in volume?
6.
MCQ
1. The relative abundances of the isotopes of a sample of neon are shown in the
table below.
Relative Isotopic Mass
Relative Abundance
20
90.92
21
0.26
10
5
B and
22
8.82
20.20 (
11
5
B.
11
5
4.
A
B
C
D
5.
In which of the following are there one mole of the stated particles?
electrons in 1 g of hydrogen gas
chlorine molecules in 35.5 g of chlorine gas
oxygen atoms in 22.4 dm3 of oxygen gas at s.t.p.
hydrogen ions in 1 dm3 of 1 mol dm3 aqueous sulfuric acid
An adult human, in general, has a daily diet of 1.80 kg of carbohydrate
(empirical formula CH2O). If all the carbonydrate eaten is digested and
oxidized, what is the mass of carbon dioxide produced by a person each day?
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3.
A
6.
0.267 kg B
0.800 kg C
1.32 kg
2.64 kg
50 160
100 200
50 80
120
50 160
200
50 200
160
7.
8.
In polluted air, the white paint pigment in older oil paintings turns black due to
the formation of lead(II) sulfide, PbS. A solution of hydrogen peroxide can be
used to restore the white colour.
PbS(s) + 4H2O2(aq)
black pigment
PbSO4(s) +
white pigment
4H2O(l)
What is the mass of hydrogen peroxide required to react with 0.120 g of lead(II)
sulfide?
A
0.017 g B
0.030 g C
0.068 g
D
0.478 g
Airbags fitted in most modern cars are inflated by the nitrogen gas liberated
when sodium azide, NaN3, decomposes.
2NaN3 3N2 + 2Na
What volume of N2 at r.t.p. will be produced by a typical drivers airbag
containing 50 g of NaN3?
A
9.2 dm3 B
13.9 dm3 C
27.7 dm3
D
72.0 dm3(
)
(b) Volumetric Analysis
1. A solid sample containing ammonium sulfate was warmed with 250 cm 3 of
0.800
mol
dm3
sodium hydroxide solution. After the evolution of ammonia had ceased, the
sodium hydroxide solution that remained was neutralised by 85.0 cm 3 of 0.500
mol dm3 hydrochloric acid solution.
(a Write balanced equations for the reactions between
)
(i) ammonium sulfate and NaOH.
(ii NaOH and HCl.
)
(b Calculate the number of moles of sodium hydroxide added to
)
ammonium sulfate.
(c Calculate the number of moles of sodium hydroxide reacted with
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9.
)
(d
)
(e
)
hydrochloric acid.
Calculate the number of moles of sodium hydroxide reacted with
ammonium sulfate.
Calculate the mass of ammonium sulfate present in the sample.
Write a balanced equation for the reaction of Cr 2O72 and Fe2+ ions in
acidic medium.
Results from an analysis show that there are 1.50 x 10 4 moles of
dichromate(VI) ions in a
1.0 dm3 sample of the waste. Calculate the mass of green vitriol required in
the treatment of 1.0 dm3 of waste.
SO42 + 2H+ + 2e
If the original oxidation number of the metal, M, in the salt was +3, what
would be the new oxidation number of the metal?
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[2
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3.
]
4.
is reduced
potassium
manganate(VII)
solution.
Assuming
that
N09 P3 Q3(b)
When sodium is burned in air, a mixture of sodium oxide, Na 2O, and
sodium peroxide, Na2O2, is formed. The mixture reacts with water
according to the following equations.
Na2O + H2O 2NaOH
Na2O2 + 2H2O 2NaOH + H2O2
The following information will allow you to calculate the relative amounts
of the two oxides produced when sodium is burned.
A 25.0 cm3 portion of solution H was titrated with 0.100 mol dm3
HCl. 22.50 cm3 of acid was required to reach the end-point.
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5.
(a) Using the results of the HCl titration, calculate the total amount in [2
moles of NaOH in 100 cm3 of solution H.
(b)
[3
12.5 cm3
40 cm3
80 cm3
3.
Page21
2.
8 cm3
4.
5.
6.
SO2
SO32
SO42
S4O62
+2
+3
+4
+6
Atomic Structure
N02 P3 Q1(b)-(d)
Atoms or ions that contain the same number of electrons are called
isoelectronic. Those that contain the same number of neutrons are called
isotonic. Those that contain the same number of protons are called isotopic.
The rest of this question is concerned with various properties of the following
five ions.
31
15
V 3 ,
32
15
W 2 ,
32
16
X 2 ,
Y ,
31
15
35
17
(N.B. the symbols V, W, X, Y and Z are not the atomic symbols of the element
concerned.)
(a Which of the above ions are (i) isoelectronic,
(ii) isotonic,
(iii)
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1.
2
.
isotopic?
Which of the above ions would be deflected most when a beam is passed
through an electric field?
Which of the above ions would be deflected least when a beam is passed
through an electric field?
31
15
(a Protons
)
(b Neutrons
)
(f
)
(
g
)
(c Electrons
(
)
h
)
(d energy levels (shells) containing (i
)
electrons
)
(e energy
sub-levels
(subshells) (j
)
containing electrons
)
unpaired electrons
valence electrons
3.
4.
State and explain which species in the following pairs has a larger radius.
(a lithium and sodium
(b magnesium ion and aluminium
)
)
ion
5.
The first seven successive ionisation energies for a Period 3 element are as
follows:
760
(a
)
(b
)
1600
3200
4400
16000
19800
23800
kJ mol1
Which group in the Periodic Table does the element belong to and suggest
an identity for the element.
Write the electronic configuration of the atom of the element using the s,
p, d, f notation.
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)
(b
)
(c
)
6
.
(a A sample of copper contains the two isotopes 63Cu and 65Cu only. An
)
experiment is conducted to find the relative atomic mass of this
sample and is found to be 63.9.
(i) Explain why the value found is not a whole number.
(ii Suggest why the relative atomic mass stated above differs from
[
)
the value obtained from the Periodic Table.
2]
(
When separate beams of 63Cu2+ and 127I are passed through an electric
b field as shown in the diagram, they behave differently. A beam of
)
neutrons has already been drawn.
neutron
source
(i)
(ii
)
(a
)
(b)
(c)
8.
127
[3
]
[1
]
Sketch a graph of the first IEs of the elements sodium to potassium
[1
against proton number.
]
Using the graph, explain the difference in the first IEs of the following pairs of
elements.
(i) Na and K
Hint: First assess whether IE
(ii Mg and Al
follows the general trend or
)
its one of the irregularities.
(ii Si and P
[6
i)
]
(i P and S
v)
Ionisation energy
Page21
7.
(a
)
(i
)
(ii
)
(b (i
)
)
8.
(c
)
9.
(a
)
(b
)
Iron
0.116
Sulfur
0.104
Ionic radius / nm
0.076 (Fe2+)
0.064 (Fe3+)
0.184
Explain why the atomic radii of iron and sulfur are different from the ionic
radii of their respective ions.
Explain why the ionic radius of Fe3+ is smaller than that of Fe2+.
[3
]
MCQ
[2009 AJC Prelim P1 Q3]
Gallium nitride, GaN, could revolutionise the design of electric light bulbs
because only a small length used as a filament gives excellent light at low
cost.
Gallium nitride is an ionic compound containing the Ga3+ ion.
What is the electronic configuration of the nitrogen ion in gallium nitride?
A
B
1s2 2s2
1s2 2s2 2p3
C
D
Page21
1.
2.
Pu + X
289
114
+ 3 neutrons ( 10 n)
[new element]
What is X?
A
B
3.
Mg
Ca
C
D
Sr
Ba
O 2 PtF 6
It was suggested that xenon should react similarly and, in this way, the first
noble gas compound was produced.
Xe + PtF6
Xe+PtF 6
What is the most likely reason for the suggestion being made?
A
B
C
D
Page21
4.
Source
What are the possible identities of unknown particles, q and r, and the value
of ?
q
A
B
C
D
Be
Ba2+
Ba2+
Be2+
S2
S2
Br
Br
2.0
1.3
2.0
1.3
Page21
5.
2+
A
1, 2 and 3 are
correct
6.
B
1 and 2 only are
correct
C
2 and 3 only are
correct
D
1 only is
correct
7.
Page21
1
2
3
Chemical Bonding
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2
.
CO2
BCl3
PbCl4
(d
)
(e
)
(f)
SF6
SF4
SCl2
Al2O3
Al2Cl6
BeCl2
(d
)
(e
)
(f)
NO2
(g POCl3
)
(h SO32
)
N2O4
NO2
The table below gives some information on three chlorides that have similar
chemical formulae.
Formula of
chloride
XCl3
YCl3
ZCl3
(a
)
(b
)
5
.
(g PCl5
)
(h PCl3
)
(i ICl3
)
4
.
3
.
Solid sodium conducts electricity while solid sodium chloride does not.
Molecular
Shape
Trigonal planar
Trigonal
pyramida
l
T-shape
For each pair of substances, which one has a higher melting/boiling point?
Explain, in terms of structure and bonding.
Page21
1
.
(a
)
(b
)
(c
)
(d
)
(e
)
(f
)
Substance
A
NaCl
Substance
B
HCl
Substance A
Substance B
(g)
He
Ne
SiO2
SO2
(h)
CCl4
CF4
NaCl
MgO
(i)
CH3CH2CH2CH3
(CH3)3CH
Na
Al
(j)
CH3COCH3
CH3CH(OH)CH3
Ar
(k)
CHF3
CF4
H2O
H2S
(l)
Si
State the type of bonding in these two fluorides and suggest a reason
for the difference in their bonding.
Describe and explain three major differences you would expect to find
in the physical properties of the two fluorides.
8.
(a) (i)
Page21
7 (a
. )
(b
)
MCQ
1.
2.
A
B
C
D
3.
A
B
C
D
4.
Which isomer of the hydrocarbon C6H14 is likely to have the highest boiling
point?
A
B
6.
(CH3)3CCH2CH3
CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH2CH3
C
D
(CH3)2CHCH(CH3)2
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
CBr2F2
CHF3
C2F4
C2H5Br
Page21
5.
5
2
5
3
6
2
7
1
A compound has the structure as shown.
A
104.5
120
107
B
107
180
104.5
C
107
120
104.5
D
104.5
90
107
7.
A
B
C
D
(a
)
(
b
)
State the two assumptions of the kinetic theory of gases that do not apply
for a real gas.
Under what conditions does a real gas behave most like an ideal gas?
Explain why.
2.
N04/P3/Q1(c)
Krypton reacts with fluorine to form a gas fluoride A. A mass of 0.100 g of
A occupies 104 cm3 at 2.00 104 Pa and 305 K. Calculate the relative
molecular mass of A, and hence suggest its formula.
3.
N06/P1/Q6
4.
Given a fixed amount of an ideal gas, sketch a graph for the following:
(a pressure (p) versus volume (V), under constant temperature
)
(
pressure (p) versus temperature (T/K), under constant volume
b
)
(c pressure (p) versus temperature (T/C), under constant volume
)
(
d pressure (p) versus 1V , under constant temperature
)
(e
pV versus volume (V), under constant temperature
)
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(f
)
pV
versus pressure (p), under constant temperature
RT
3
.
1
.
4
.
5
.
6
.
(
a
)
(b
)
=
=
=
=
=
400 cm3
12.0 C
22.0 C
0.92 g
4.2 J g1 K1
Thermometer
Metal calorimeter
Water
Improvised
spirit lamp
Ethanol
30.0 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm3 NaOH and 30.0 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm3 CH3COOH were
mixed in a polystyrene cup. The initial temperature of NaOH and CH 3COOH
and the highest temperature reached of the resulting mixture were recorded.
initial
temperature
of : 29.0
NaOH
C
initial
temperature
of : 29.4
CH3COOH
C
highest
temperature : 35.8
reached
C
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(a
)
(
b
)
8.
10. (a Using the data provided below, construct an energy cycle to represent the
)
solution of anhydrous magnesium chloride in a large volume of water and
thus determine the standard enthalpy change of solution of anhydrous
magnesium chloride.
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9.
Suggest and explain how you would expect the numerical value of the
enthalpy change of hydration of Ca2+ to compare with that of Mg2+.
MCQs
11
.
[N04/P1/Q8]
Some enthalpy changes of combustion are given below.
Hc / kJ
mol1
CO(g) + O2(g) CO2(g)
283
286
715
140 kJ mol1
+ 140 kJ mol1
+ 146 kJ mol1
[N06/P1/Q7]
The heat liberated in the neutralisation given below is 114 kJ mol1.
2NaOH(aq) + H2SO4(aq) Na2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l)
By using this information, what is the most likely value for the heat
liberated in the following neutralisation?
Ba(OH)2(aq) + 2HCl(aq) BaCl2(aq) + 2H2O(l)
A
57 kJ mol1
76 kJ mol1
Page21
12
.
146 kJ mol1
114 kJ mol1
C
13
.
228 kJ mol1
[N08/P1/Q9]
For which process is the enthalpy change always negative?
A
B
C
D
14
.
[J96/P3/Q7, N01/P3/Q9]
Which statement helps to explain why calcium and chlorine form CaCl2
rather than CaCl?
Less energy is required to remove one electron from the calcium atom
than to remove two electrons.
When CaCl(s) is formed from its elements, more energy is released than
when CaCl2(s) is formed from its elements.
[N98/P3/Q8]
The radius and charge of each six ions are shown in the table.
Ion
radius
nm
J+
L+
M2+
0.14
0.18
0.15
X
0.1
4
Y
0.18
Z 2
0.15
The ionic solids JX, LY and MZ are of the same lattice type.
What is the correct order of their lattice energies placing the one with the
highest numerical value first?
A
JX
>
LY
>
LY
>
>
M
Z
>
M
Z
JX
M
Z
JX
>
LY
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15
.
16
.
M
Z
>
LY
>
JX
[N05/P1/Q7]
The enthalpy change of solution of magnesium fluoride is negative (17.7 kJ
mol1), but the enthalpy change of solution of barium fluoride is positive
(+3.8 kJ mol1).
Which conclusion can be drawn from these data?
Magnesium fluoride is soluble in water, but barium fluoride is insoluble.
The hydration energy of the barium ion is numerically greater than that
of the magnesium ion.
[N06/P1/Q33]
The conversion of graphite into diamond is an endothermic reaction (H =
+3 kJ mol1).
C (graphite) C (diamond)
Which statements are correct?
1
Page21
17
.
(c Use this value of S and the H you obtained in (a) to calculate the G at
298 K.
)
(d How will the value of G for this reaction change with temperature, and
)
what consequences will this have for the conditions used to make AlF3
industrially?
N2008/II/2 (b) & (c)
Page21
20
.
Solubility /
1.4
7.1
8.9
mol dm3
105
107
109
[2
]
[2
]
[1
]
[2
]
Chemical Eqm
CO2(g) + H2(g) CO(g) + H2O(g)
Equilibrium partial pressure/ atm
20
9
15
20
(a Write an expression for the equilibrium constant, Kp in terms of partial
)
pressures and determine its value.
(
What would be the new equilibrium partial pressure of CO 2(g) when the
b partial pressure of H2(g) is increased to 20 atm?
)
A
9 atm
B between 9 & 20 atm
C 20 atm
D between 20
and 29 atm
2 For the reaction below, 2X2(g) + Y2(g) 2X2Y(g), the value of the equilibrium
.
constant Kc is 5.
Determine the Kc values for the following equilibria, including its units.
(a
4X2(g) + 2Y2(g)
4X2Y(g)
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1.
)
(b
)
3
.
X2Y(g)
X2(g) + Y2(g)
4
.
5
.
The key stage in the manufacture of sulfuric acid is the reaction between sulfur
dioxide and oxygen.
2 SO2(g) + O2(g)
2 SO3(g)
When a 2:1 mixture of SO 2 and O2 was allowed to reach equilibrium at 500 C
and a total pressure of 5 atm, the partial pressure of SO 3 was found to be 4.7
atm.
(a (i) Write an expression for Kp for this reaction, giving its units.
)
(ii Calculate the value for Kp at 500 C.
)
(b The same reaction is repeated with a 2:1 mixture of SO 2 and O2 at a total
)
initial pressure of 3 atm and passed over a catalyst at 430 C, the partial
pressure of SO3 at equilibrium is found to be 1.9 atm.
(i) Calculate the partial pressure of SO2 and O2 at equilibrium.
(ii Hence, calculate the new total pressure and the % conversion of SO 2
)
into SO3.
(iii Calculate the value for Kp at 430 C.
)
(c By comparing your answer in (a)(ii) and (b)(iii), state and explain if the
)
above reaction is endothermic or exothermic.
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6. [N2006 P3 Q3 either]
When the gases dinitrogen tetroxide and nitrogen monoxide are mixed in a 1:2
ratio, the two gases slowly react to form the blue compound dinitrogen trioxide
according to the following equilibrium.
N2O4(g) + 2NO(g)
2N2O3(g);
H = 26 kJ mol1
(a
)
(b
)
(b
)
(c
)
Draw a sketch graph showing how the rates of the forward and reverse
reactions change from the time the two gases are mixed to the time the
reaction reaches equilibrium. Label your two lines clearly.
A mixture containing a 1:2 ratio of N 2O4 and NO at an initial total pressure
of 3 atm was allowed to reach equilibrium. At equilibrium the following
partial pressures were measured.
compound
partial pressure /
atm
N2O4
0.75
NO
1.50
N2O3
0.25
(i) Write the expression for Kp, including its units.
(ii) Calculate a value for Kp.
Suggest, with an explanation, how the position of equilibrium
might alter when
(i) the temperature is increased,
(ii) the pressure is increased.
(i)
(ii)
(iii
)
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[6
Page21
7. [N2009 P3 Q1c,d]
(a One molecule of haemoglobin can bind up to four molecules of
)
oxygen, according to the following equation.
Hb(aq) + 4O2(aq)
Hb(O2)4(aq)
]
(b
)
[2
]
8. [N2002 P3 Q3 modified]
The equilibrium mixture in a 2 litre vessel at 773 K and 1.3 atm
contains 0.60 mol of sulfur dioxide, 0.20 mol of oxygen and 4.80 mol of
sulfur trioxide.
2SO2(g) + O2(g)
(a
)
(b
)
8. (c)
2SO3(g)
H = 197 kJ mol1
[4
]
[3
]
Page21
4.80
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Amount
SO3
SO2
O2
time
t1
MCQ
9.
[N2008 P1 Q7]
10 [N2009 P1 Q12]
.
11 [N2010 P1 Q13]
.
12 [N2008 P1 Q12 modified]
.
Which statement is correct about a reaction for which the equilibrium
constant is independent of temperature?
A
When temperature rises, the position of equilibrium is changed.
B
The rates for both forward and reverse reactions are equal.
C
The enthalpy change for the reaction is zero.
D
There are equal numbers of moles of reactants and products.
13 [2009 AJC P1 Q12]
.
The graphs below show how the percentage of gaseous products present at
equilibrium vary with temperature and pressure.
(T + 10) oC
T oC
pressure
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% products
at equilibrium
2Fe(s) +
3
O2(g)
2
Fe2O3(s)
H = 822 kJ mol1
Ionic Equilibrium
2.
(a
)
(b
)
(a
)
(b
)
(c
)
3. The
(a
)
(b
)
dissociation constant for ethanoic acid, Ka, is 1.8 105 mol dm3.
Calculate the pH of a 0.100 mol dm3 solution of ethanoic acid.
Sketch the pH-volume added curve you would expect to obtain when 30
cm3
of
3
3
0.100 mol dm sodium hydroxide is added to a 10.0 cm of 0.100 mol dm3
ethanoic acid.
Mark clearly the equivalence point and the point at which pH = pKa.
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1.
(c
)
Suggest a suitable indicator from the following list and state the colour
change at end-point.
Indicator
pH at which
Colour of
Colour of
colour changes
acid form
base form
methyl yellow
2.9 4.0
Red
Yellow
bromothymol
6.0 7.6
blue
Yellow
Blue
thymol blue
8.0 9.6
Yellow
Blue
4. [J2002 P4 Q1 modified]
(a Write an expression for Kw.
)
(b Use your expression to help you calculate the pH of 0.200 mol dm3
)
NaOH(aq).
(c The pH of 0.200 mol dm3 NH3(aq) is 11.3. Explain why this answer differs
)
from your answer in (b).
(d Sketch the pH-volume added curve you would expect to obtain when 60
)
cm3
of
0.100 mol dm-3 HCl(aq) is added to a 20.0 cm3 of 0.200 mol dm3 NH3(aq).
Mark clearly the equivalence point and the point of maximum buffering
capacity.
(e Mixtures of basic amines and its salts can act as buffer solutions, resisting
)
changes in pH when acids or alkalis are added.
Explain, with the help of equations, how a CH 3NH2(aq) CH3NH3Cl(aq)
mixture acts as a buffer.
5 The water of Lake Nakuru in the Kenyan rift valley contains dissolved sodium
. carbonate and sodium hydrogen carbonate. The following equilibrium exists :
HCO3 (aq)
H+ (aq) + CO32 (aq)
(a) (i) What do you understand by the term buffer?
(ii With the aid of equations, explain how this solution acts as a buffer
)
on the addition of either acid or base.
(b)
CO32
The pH of Lake Nakuru is 10.3 and the ratio
is 0.958. Calculate the
HCO3
6 For each of the following, write the expression of Ksp and calculate its value.
.
(a The solubility of silver chloride in water is 1.15 105 mol dm3 at 25 C.
)
(b The solubility of lead(II) chloride in water is 0.0200 mol dm3 at 25 C.
)
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Page21
7 For
.
(a
)
(b
)
(c)
8 For each of the following, predict if precipitate will be formed. Show your
. workings clearly.
(a Equal volume of 1.2105 mol dm3 AgNO3(aq) and 3.0105 mol dm3
)
NaBr(aq).
(Ksp of AgBr = 7.71013 mol2 dm6)
(b 10 cm3 of 0.100 mol dm3 Zn(NO3)2(aq) and 40 cm3 of 0.00100 mol dm3
)
NaOH(aq).
(Ksp of Zn(OH)2 = 4.51017 mol3 dm9)
Reaction Kinetics
The following results were obtained for the reaction A + B + 3C D.
Expt
No.
Initial
Initial [B]/
Initial
Initial rate of formation
[A]/ mol
mol dm-3 [C]/ mol
of D
-3
-3
dm
dm
/ mol dm3 min1
1
0.1
0.2
0.3
9.0 x 105
2
0.3
0.5
0.3
8.1 x 104
3
0.1
0.3
0.3
9.0 x 105
4
0.1
0.4
0.9
2.7 x 104
(a What is the order of reaction with respect to (i) [A]
(ii) [B]
(iii)
)
[C]?
(b Write the rate equation for the reaction. Calculate the rate constant and
)
state its units.
Page21
1
.
The graph below shows the concentration of iodine remaining after a given
time when iodine is allowed to react with propanone in acidified aqueous
solution. Propanone and H+ are used in large excess compared with I2.
Two experiments were carried out at different concentrations of H + of 1.0 mol
dm3
and
3
2.0 mol dm respectively.
(a
)
(b
)
(c
)
3.
Explain clearly, with working, how the rate of reaction between I 2 and
propanone depends on
(i) [I2],
(ii) [H+].
The reaction is first order with respect to propanone. Write a rate equation
for the reaction.
Explain why propanone and H+ are used in large excess.
N1999 P1 Q2 modified
Page21
2
.
CH3CO2H + CH3CH2OH
The reaction was followed twice with different concentrations of HCl and the
following results were obtained.
Time /
min
(b)
(c)
4
.
5.
The
first
(a
)
(b
)
Page21
(a)
6.
The equation for the reaction between peroxodisulfate ion and iodide ion is
shown below.
S2O82(aq) + 2I(aq) 2SO42(aq) + I2(aq)
An excess of KI(aq) was added to a sample of Na 2S2O8(aq) and the kinetics of
the reaction was studied by measuring [I2(aq)] at various times. At the end of
the reaction, the concentration of I2(aq) was found to be 2.00 mol dm3.
time / min
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0
0.70 1.16 1.45 1.65 1.77 1.85
[I2] / mol
dm3
(a Plot a suitable graph to show that the kinetics is first order.
)
(b Suggest an experimental method to determine the concentration of I2(aq)
)
in the reaction mixture at various times.
(c With the aid of equations, explain briefly how Fe 2+(aq) or Fe3+(aq) can act
)
as a homogeneous catalyst in this reaction.
7
.
8
.
Write the rate equation for the reaction and state the units of the rate
constant.
Sketch and label a reaction pathway diagram for the reaction showing all
relevant energy changes.
State and explain the effect of the following on the rate of the reaction.
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Page21
)
(d
)
(e
)
(i)
(ii
)
Electrochemistry
Part I : Electrolysis
1. A current of 5.00 A is passed through molten copper(II) chloride for 20.0
minutes between graphite electrodes.
(a Write equations for the reactions at cathode and anode.
)
(b Calculate the amount of electrons passed through the cell.
)
(c Calculate the mass of copper deposited.
)
(d Calculate the volume, measured at s.t.p, of the gas evolved.
)
Page21
6. Using relevant data from the Data Booklet, explain how a sample of copper
containing zinc and silver impurities can be purified by electrolysis.
Page21
Cu(s
)
1 mol dm
3
Cu2+
(aq) at
298K
(a
)
(b
)
Pt(s)
1 mol dm3 Fe2+
(aq)
1 mol dm3 Fe3+
(aq) at 298K
10 Using the E values in the Data Booklet, predict the reaction, if any, between
.
(a acidified dichromate(VI) ion and tin(II) ion
)
(b lead(IV) oxide and acidified aqueous hydrogen peroxide
)
(c) acidified potassium iodide and aqueous hydrogen peroxide
(d cobalt(II) ion and acidified manganate(VII) ion
)
(e zinc and tin(II) ion
)
(f) aqueous bromide ion and iron metal
N06/P2/Q2 modified
(a
)
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Page21
1
1.
Fe2+(aq)
after addition of
NaOH(aq)
Cl2(aq) added
I2(aq) added
green solution turns no
observable
yellow
change
brown precipitate
green precipitate
(i) What does the colour change when Cl2(aq) is added to Fe2+(aq)
indicate?
(b)
(ii
)
(ii
i)
[
Use E values to explain why there is no change when I2(aq) is
added to Fe2+(aq) and hence comment on the relative reactivity 6]
of Cl2 and I2 with Fe2+.
(c
)
(ii
)
(ii
i)
(i
Write an ionic equation, with state symbols, for the reaction of
[5
v) copper(II) sulfate with potassium iodide.
]
Standard redox potentials may be used to predict the feasibility of a
reaction.
(i) Use E values from the Data Booklet to show that reaction
between aqueous copper(II) sulfate and aqueous potassium
iodide is unlikely to occur.
By using your answers to (b)(iii) and (b)(iv), suggest one
[3
reason why this reaction does, in fact, occur.
]
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(ii
)