MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

SECTION A
1 The term "mole" is attributed to Wilhelm Ostwald who introduced the concept.
Which of the following best defines the term "a mole"?
A The mass of an element which is the same as 12 grams of
12
C.
B The mass of 6.02 ^ 10
2
3 atoms of an element relative to the mass of 12 grams of
12
C.
C The number of atoms of an element which Is the same as that in 12 grams of
1
2
C.
D The number of atoms of an element which Is equal to 1 the number of atoms in 12
12
grams of
1
2
C.
2 Which of the fol lowing quantities Is equal to the Avogadro constant?
A The number of atoms in 24 dm3 of nitrogen gas at r. t. p. conditions.
B The number of molecules In 1 dm3 of oxygen at 273 K and 1 atm.
C
The number of zirconium atoms In 962 g of tranquillityite, Fe
3
Zr
2
Ti
3
Si
3
O
24
, of molar mass
961.8 g moi-
1

D
The number of Ions In 83.5 g of [Co(NH
3
)
5
CC/2.
3 Which of the following has the greatest mass?
A 6 ^ 1 0
2
3 molecules of hydrogen gas
B 3 moles of nitrogen molecules
C 1.2 x 10
2"
atoms of Iron
D 3 7 10
2
3 Ions of copper( I I)
A I Pre\ :07
4 Which statements about a 28.0 g sample of nitrogen gas consisting of
1
4
N Isotopes Is correct?
A The number of atoms Is 6.02 102
3
B The number of atoms Is 8.31 x 1 02
3
C The number of atoms Is the sam9 as the number of atoms In 8. 0 g of helium gas
consisting of 4He Isotopes.
D The number of atoms Is the same as the number of atoms In 24.0 g of chromium
consisting of 62Cr Isotopes.
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Redox and Stoichiometry
5 The greatest amount of particles Is found In
A 5.0 dm
3
of H
2S gas at r.t.p.
B
c
0
1.8 x 102
3
molecules of C1H1205.
280 cm3 of 2.5 mol dm-
3
HC/04(aq)
50 g of Fe20
3
(s)
6 Which of the following statements is not true?
A One mole of methane contains four moles of hydrogen atoms.
B One mole of 1
2
C has a mass of 12.00 g.
C One mole of hydrogen gas contains 6.02 x 102
3
atoms of hydrogen.
D One mole of methane contains 75% of carbon by mass.
ACJ I Prelil JOb
L I Prell J01
7 The main Ingredient in chocolate bars Is sugars, typlcally about 47% of milk chocolate bars. If
these sugars are represented by sucrose, C12H22011 (M, 342), how many sugar molecules ar
there In 1000 kg of chocolate brs?
A
c
9.67 x 10
2
5
8.27 x 10
2
6
B
0
2.82 x 102
6
3.57 x 10
27
Y J I Jrell JOb
8 Bl uret reagent, H2NCONHCONH2 Is a chemical test for proteins and It can be formed by heating
urea (NH2
)
2CO above Its melting point.
How many hydrogen atoms are present In bluret If 15.0 g of urea Is used?
A
c
3.76 x 10
2
3
7.53 x 10
22
B
0
3.01 x 10
2
3
1.51x10
2
3
lJ I Pte\3 J06
9 Iron Is an essential nutrient for pregnant women. Doctors usual l y prescribed 350 mg FeS04
tablets as dietar supplement for the pregnant women. However, It was found that Iron tablets
may cause poisoning deaths In children since as little as 590 mg of Fe
2
can be fatal to a 12.5 kg
child.
How many 350 mg FeS04 tablets would It take to constitute a lethal dose to a 12.5 kg child?
A 2 B 3 c 4 D 5
MJ I Preli3 J07
2
Redox and Stoichiometry
10 9 cm3 of hydrogen sulphide is Qubbled through 50 cm3 of 0.01 mol dm-3 aqueous hydrogen
peroxide under r.t.p. according to the equation shown below:
What is the volume of hydrogen produced at r.t.p.?
A 9 cm3 B 12 cm3 c 18 cm3 0 24 cm3
11 Calcium nitrate decomposes on strong heating according to the following equation:
What is the loss in mass when 1 0.0 g of Ca(N0
3
)2 Is heated stro9gly until no further change in
mass?
A
B
1.50 g
6.59 g
c
D
7.50 g
8.41
9
f PJ I Pre\) J07
12 When a refrigerator comes to the end of its useful life, It is desirable to recover and destroy any
chlorofluoroalkanes (CFCs) used as a refrigerant.
A process was devised In 1996 to pass CC/2F2 through a packed bed of sodium ethandioate at
270 C; this efficiently converts this CFC into solid and gaseous products.
CC/2F2(9)
g
2Na2C204(s) " 2NaC/ (s) + 2NaF(s)
g
X(s) + yC02(9)
What is the Identity of the product X and the number y?
A
B
c
D

c
c
2C
2C
'
2
4
2
4
Ml I Pre! JOl
13 What is the volume of water needed todllute 30.0 cm3 of 0.01 mol dm-3 aqueous hydrochloric
acid Into 0.00230 mol dm-3?.
A
B
50.0 cm3
100.0 cm3
,c
D
3
130. 0 cm3
180.0 cm3
Redox and Stoichiometry
14 During water treatment, cations in water are exchanged with hydrogen ions from an ion
exchange resi n. For example, a sodium ion Is replaced by one hydrogen Ion, while a magnesium
ion Is replaced by two hydrogen ions.

-
.
500 cm3 of a solution of calcium Ions was passed through the Ion exchange resin. The product
solution after treatment required 20 cm

of .00 x 10-
2
mol dm3 sodium hydroxide for
neutralization.
What Is the concentration (In mol dm 3) of calcium Ions in the original solution?
A
B
o.o4 P 10
*
3
0.20 x 10-3
c
D
15 Group I and Group II Ionic hydrides react with water.
0.40 x 10-3
0.80 x 10

3
In an experiment, 1 .g of a sample of an ionic hydride Is dissolved In excess H
2
0. The resulting
solution required 24.0 cm3or a 2.0 mol dm-3 HCt solution for complete neutralization.
What Is the formula of the hydride?
A B UH c D NaH
HCt I Prel$ .O
16 Magnesium nitride Is a yellow.green powder and It reacts with water according to the following
equation:
If 20 g of water are mixed with an excess of powder and any solids are fltered away, what is the
approximate volume of 0.82 mol dm-3 of HCl that l s required to neutralize the ammonia
produced?
A
B
150 cm3
300 cm3
c
D
450 cm3
900 cm3
CJ I Pre1$ :001
17 25.0 cm3 of an aqueous mixture of sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide was titrated against
0.100 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid using the double Indicator method.
1 5.00 cm3 of the acid was required to change the colour of phenolphthalein (first indicator) and
another 10.00 cm3 of It was added before methyl orange (second Indicator) changes colour.
What was the molar concentration of sodium hydroxide In the original aqueous mixture?
A 1.00 x 1 0-
2
8 2. 00 x 1 0-
2
c 4.00 x 10-
2
D 6.00 7 10-
2
4
Redox and Stoichiometry
18 A sodium salt, X was dissolved ih 40. 0 cm3 of water. A 20. 0 cm3 sample of this solution required
24. 60 cm3 of 0. 1 00 mol dm-3 NaOH for neutralization. Another 20.0 cm3 sample of the solution
required 49. 20 cm3 of 0. 1 00 mol dm-3 AgN03 for complete reaction.
What is the formula of the anion present In X?
A B c

D
19 A sample containing ammonium sulphate (M, " 1 32) was warmed with 1 50 cm3 of
0. 500 mo! dm-3 sodium hydroxide solution. When the evolution of ammonia ceased, the excess
sodium hydroxide solution was neutralized with 45.50 cm3 of 0. 1 00 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid.
What was the mass (in grams) of ammonium sulphate in the sample?
A 4. 65 B 9.30 c 1 8.60 D 21 . 80
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20 1 . 5 g of an impure sample of calcium carbonate was heated strongly until there was no change
in mass and 100 cm3 of carbon dioxide was collected. What Is the percentage purity of calcium
carbonate? Assume that the measurements were made under room temperature and pressure.
A 27. 8% B 29. 8% c 30. 4% D 35.8%
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21 An impure sample of 3.50 g of sodium hydrogencarbonate (M, * 84.0) was heated. Given that
the loss In mass was 0. 85 g and sodium hydrogencarbonate decomposed completely into
sodium carbonate, carbon dioxide and water vapour on heating, calculate the percentage purity
by mass of sodium hydrogencarbonate in the sample.
A 32. 9% B 65.8% c 88.4% D 98. 6%
RJ I JCI an I JOOI
22 The process of fermentation produces ethanol. Brandy contains a significant proportion of
ethanol. Three 10.00 g samples of brandy were acidified and then titrated with 2.50 mol dm-3
potassium dichromate solution In order to determine the amount of ethanol that the brandy
contained. The average titre determines the amount of ethanol that the brandy contained. The
average titre obtained was 20.25 cm3. The equation for the reaction that occurs Is
The percentage by mass of ethanol In this sample of brandy based on these results is
A 1 5.5 % B 16.5 % c 23. 3 % D 34. 9 %
ACX I Pre I JO(
5
Redox and Stoichiometry
23 Solutions of 45 cm3 of 0.8 mol dm-3 of potassium Iodide and 30 cm3 of 0. 5 mol dm
-
3 of lead(ll)
nitrate were mixed together according to the equation below:
2Kl(aq) + Pb(N0
3
}2(aq) ..
.
. Pb1
2
(s) + 2KN0
3
(aq)
What will be the approximate concentration of te Iodide Ions In the solution after the reaction
has completed?
.
A
c
0.006 mol dm-3
0.0023 mol dm-3
B
D
0.0036 mol dm-3
0.080 mol dm-3
CJ I Prelll :o6
24 The foul smell that skunks spray is due to a number o f thlols, one of which Is methanethlol,
CH
3
SH. A 10 cm3 sample of methanethlol was exploded with 60 cm3 of oxygen. What would be
the fnal volume of the resultant mixture of gases when cooled to room temperature?
A 20 cm3 B 30 cm3 c 50 cm3 0 70 cm3
ACJ I Prell .06
25 On heating, 0.02 mole of element M reacts with 600 cm3 of oxygen gas at room temperature and
pressure. What Is the empirical formula of the oxide of M?
A B c D
lJ / Prool .06
26 20 cm3 of hydrogen was mixed with 60 cm3 of air. The air contains only oxygen and nitrogen in
unknown proportions. The hydrogen and air mixture Is sparked so that combustion of hydrogen
Is possible. The resulting mixture contains 1 O cm3 of oxygen.
What is the volume of oxygen in the Initial air sample?
A 60 cm3 B 40 cm3 c 20 cm3 0 1 0 cm3
VJ / Prell :oo
27 12 cm3 of AxBy decompose's on heating to form 12 cm3 of A2 and 1 8 cm3 of 82 All volumes are
measured under thesame temperature and pressure. The formula of AxBy should be
A B c D
28 Calcium hydride, CaH2, reacts with water to produce an alkaline solution and hydrogen gas.
What is fhe volume of hydrogen gas, measured under standard temperature and pressure that
can be produced when 1 g of calcium hydride reacts with water? (M, of CaH
2
* 42.1}
A 1.14 dm
3
B 1.07 dm3 c 0.53 dm3 D 0.27 dm3
NJC I JI Bfl I :07
6
Redox and Stoichiometry
29 0.0337 g of a volatile liquid when vapourized completely at 100 kPa and 300 K occupied a
volume of 20 cm
3
. When this volume of vapour was completely burnt in an excess of oxygen, 40
cm3 of carbon dioxide and 20 cm
3
of water vapour were formed. Al l volumes being measured at
the same temperature and pressure.
What is the formula of the compound?
A B c
30 The use of Data Booklet is relevant to this question.
D
M I Prels JO\
Oxides of nitrogen are pol lutant gases which are emitted from car exhausts. In urban traffic,
when a car travels one kilometer, it releases 0.23 g of an oxide of nitrogen N,Oy. which occupies
120 cm
3
.
What are the values of x and y? (Assume 1 mol of gas molecules occupies 24.0 dm
3
)
Y
A 1
B 1 2
c 2 1
D 2 4
M I PrelJ07
31 Two volumes of hydrogen are mixed with five volumes of dr air at 100 c and atmospheric
pressure. The mixture Is sparked so that the combustion of hydrogen goes to completion. If air
contains oxygen and nitrogen In the molar ratio of 1 : 4, what it the mole fraction of water vapour
In the resulting mixture at 100 C?
.
A
2
3
B
1
3
c
1
5
D
4
NX I Pre's JO
32 0.1 g of dry hydrogen gas was placed in a closed 2 m
3
vessel with 3.2 g of oxygen gas. The
gases were exploded and the system
.
was allowed to cool to 25 c.
What will be the pressure, in Pa, of the gas left In the vessel after the reaction?
(The volume and vapour pre.ssure of water may be neglected.)
A
8
56.7
61.9
c
0
7
92.9
123.8
Redox and Stoichiometry
33 Carbon disulphide, CS2, is a volatile flammable liquid which can be oxidised on combustion to
give carbon dioxide and sul phur trioxide. A 20 cm3 sample of CS2 vapour Is Ignited with 100 cm3
of oxygen. The final volume of gas after burning Is passed Into an excess of aqueous alkali.
What percentage of this final volume dissolved In the alkali?
A 25% B 50% c 60% D 75%
fPJ / Pre\$ J06
34 Carbon disulphide, CS2, Is a volatile flammable llquld used In the manufacture of cellophane. On
combustion, CS2 is oxidised as follows:
CS2(9) + 302(g) C
0
2
(g)
+ 2S02(9)
A 20.0 cm3 sample of CS2 vapour is Ignited with 120 cm
3
of oxygen. The fnal volume of gas after
burning is treated with an excess of aqueous alkali. What percentage of this final volume
dissolves In the alkali?
A 40% 8 50% c 60% D 70%
:. I JI 61 I JoI
35 A gaseous organic compound, X, was burnt In an excess of oxygen. A 0.112 dm
3
sample of X,
measured at s. t. p. produced 0. 88 g

of carbon dioxide.
How many carbon atoms are there In 1 mole of X?
A L B 2L c 3L D 4L
36 4 dm3 of ethane were burnt In 16 dm
3
of oxygen gas and the resulting mixture cooled to room
temperature. The residual gas would contain
A equal volume of carbon dioxide and oxygen.
B twice the volume of carbon dioxide as oxygen.
C twice the volume of oxygen as carbon dioxide.
1
D only carbon dioxide.
YJ / Prel$ J06
37 A mixture of 50 cm

of oxygen and 1 0 cm3 of hydrogen l s ignited continuously. What is the
maximum theoretical decrease In volume? (All gas volumes are recorded at 293 K and standard
atmospheric pressure.)
A 10 cm
3
B 15 cm
3
c 20 cm3 D 30 cm3
8
Redox and Stoichiometry
38 Complete combustion of a sample of a hydrocarbon. X, gave 0. 66 g of carbon dioxide and 0.36 g
of water. The empirical formula of X Is
A B c D
A I Promo) JOJ
39 What volume of C0
2
will be formed when y cm3 of a 50:50 mixture by volume of methane and
propane are completely burnt?
A 2y cm
3
B
5
y
cm3
2
c 4y cm3 D 5y cm3
Y JC I Pre l$ J05
40 A mixture of 20 cm3 of methane and 1 O cm3 of ethane was mixed

with an excess of oxygen and

the mixture was sparked. After cooling to room temperature, the residual gas was passed
through a solution of potassium hydroxide.
What was the volume of the gas absorbed by the alkali?
A 10 cm3 B 20 cm3 c 30 cm3 D 40 cm3
HCJC I Proo$ .O
41 0.1 mol of an organic compound X gives 0.3 mol of carbon dioxide and 0. 4 mol of water on
complete combustion. 3 g of X when vapourized was found to occupy 1 . 2 dm3 at s .t.p. X could be
A
B
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
0H
CH
3
CH2CH
3
c
D
PJC I Prel) JO
42 When 20 cm3 of a gaseous hydrocarbon were completely burnt in an excess of oxygen, 60 cm3
of carbon dioxide and 40 cm
3
of water vapour were formed.
What is the formula of the hydrocarbon? (All volumes being measured at the same temperature
and pressure)
+
A B c D
Y J I Pre\$ J07
43 1 0 cm3 of a pure hydrocarbon was completely burned in 80 cm3 of oxygen (an excess) at 425 K.
After cooling to room temperature, the gaseous mixture volume decreased from 105 cm3 to 55
cm3 A furher reduction of 40 cm3 was obsered when the residual gas was passed through
barium hydroxide. All gas volumes were me
a
sured at the same temperature and pressure.
What is the formula of the hydrocarbon?
A B
I
c 0
AJ I Pre!$ J005
9
Redox and Stoichiometry
4 Carbon disulphide vapour was burnt In oxygen according to the equation:
M
10 cm3 of carbon disulphide was burnt In 50 cm
3
of oxygen. After measuring the volume of gas
remaining, the mixture of gases was treated wit an excess of aqueous sodium hydroxide and
the volume of gas was again measured. All meaurements were made at the same temperature
and pressure.
What were the measured volumes?
Volume of gas afer burning I cm3 Volume of gas afer treatment with Na I cm3
A 30 0
B 30 20
c 50 20
D 50 40
M t Prel :<
45 MxOy, a gaseous oxide of an element M, gives an acidic gas, M02, on combustion with excess
oxygen.
When the combustion is carrledout between 10 cm3 of MxOy and 40 cm3 oxygen (In excess), the
total volume of gas (after cooling to the original temperature) Is unchanged but on shaking with
some aqueous potassium hydroxide, the volume Is reduced to 20 cm
3
. All volumes are measured
at the same temperature and pressure.
What are the values of x and y?
A
8
c
D
2
3
3

1
3
2
4
H /JI B1t I :O!
46 A 10 cm
3
sample of a gaseous hydrocarbon measured at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.),
was reacted with 70 cm
3
of oxygen. The resulting gas mixture collected was found to have a
volume of 60 cm
3
(also measured at r.t.p.). The gas mixture was completely absorbed by
aqueous potassium hydroxide.
Calculate the empirical formula of the hydrocarbon.
A B c D
lJ J JI Bfl I :<
10
Redox and Stoichiometry
4 7 1 5 cm
3
of a mixture of carbon -monoxide and methane was mixed with excess oxygen and
exploded. There was a contraction in volume of 21 cm
3
at room temperature and pressure. What
is the percentage by volume of methane in the mixture?
A 20 B 33 c 60 D 75
HCJ I JI 8fl I JOJ
48 Methane was burned In an Incorrectly adjusted burner. The methane was converted into a
mixture of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide In the ratio of 98:2, together with water vapour.
What will be the volume of oxygen consumed when y dm
3
of methane is burned?
A

2
0.01

d
3
y--y m
2
B (2y-0.01y) dm
3
49 Which of the following Is a redox reaction?
A A/H3(9) + W(g) - A/H -(g)
B A/
3
.
( g) + 30W Al(OHh(s)
C 2A/( s) + 3Cl
2
(g) - 2AIC/
3
(S)
c
D
D A/0
2
(aq) + H

(aq) + H20(/)
- A/(OH)J(s)
(y-0.01y) dr
3
RJ I Pre\) J06
HCJ I JI 8ft I JOJ
50 Iron In lron( l l l ) oxide can be reduced by the reaction with carbon monoxide to give iron metal and
carbon dioxide. What volume of carbon dioxide will be produced at

r. t. p. by the reduction of 16 g
of lron(lll) oxide?
(1 mole of gas occupies 24.0 dm
3
at 25 C and one atmosphere.]
A
B
2. 4 dm
3
4.8 dm
3
c
D
7. 2 dm
3
9.6 dm
3
CJ I Pre\) J07
51 In an experiment, 50 cm
3
of a 0. 1 mol dm-
3
solution of a metallic salt reacted exactly with 25 cm
3
of 0.1 mol dm-
3
sodium s ulphite solution
:
The half-equation for oxidation of sulphite ion is
S0
3
2
-(aq) + H20(1) -
s
o
.
2
-(aq) + 2
H
.
(aq) + 20-
If the original oxidation number of the metal 1n the salt was +3, what would be the new oxidation
number of the metal?
A 0 B
+1
.
c +2 D +4

PJ I Pre\) ;06
11
Redox and Stoichiometry
52
25.0 cm3 of 0.05 mol dm
-3
KC/04(aq) required 50.0 cm3 of 0.20 mol dm-3 TiC'
3
(aq) to reach end
point. Given that Tl (ll l) Ion Is oxidised to Tl(IV) In thi s reaction, whi ch one of the following
formulae correctly represents the reduction product of the C/0
4
- Ion?
A ocr B c er D
53 1.978 g of an oxide of an element X, represented by X20n (Mr: 197.8), Is found to react with
0.008 mol of acidified potassium manganate(Vl l ) solution. In the reaction, aqueous HXO/- Ion Is
formed. By considering the reduction of manganate(Vll) Ion to manganese(ll) Ion, deduce the
oxidation number of X In X20n.
54
A +1 B +2
Consider the following half equations:
Fe2
C
2
0
/
- ;:
c +3 D +4
In an experiment, 20 cm3 of an acidified solution of 0.02 mol dm-3 FeC204 Is oxidised by 15 cm3
of 0.02 mol dm-3 KMn04. What is the final oxidation state of manganate( Vl l )?
A +1 B +2 c +3 D +4
55 An element Z form

an oxide which Is a powerful oxidizing agent.
In a redox experiment, 1 o.o cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 of the oxide of z was used to oxidize 15.0 cm3 of
0.40 mol dm-3 of
a
cidified. manganate( l l ) Ions to manganate(Vll ) ions. If the oxide of Z was
reduced to the element Z, what Is the formula of the Z oxide?
A zo B c D
lJ f Pre\ .06
56 In an experiment, 100 cm of 0.020 mol dm-3 acidified lron( l l ) sulphate is quantitatively oxidised
by 50 cm3 of a solution containing 0.020 mol dm-3 of an oxidizing agent, X0
3
-. What i s the final
oxidation state of X?
A -1 B -2 c +2 D +3
57 Nitrogen dioxide reacts with Iodide Ions under acidic conditions according to the equation shown.
N02 + 21- + 2H " NO + 1
2
+ H20
. How many moles of electrons are gained by one mole of nitrogen dioxide?
A B 2 c 3 D 4
VJ I Pre\ .06
12
Redox and Stoichiometry
58 In an experiment, 1 0. 0 cm3
of a. solution containing a known concentration of iodate(V) ions,
103-. was run into an acidified solution containing an excess of Iodide ions. Both lodate(V) ions
and iodide ions reacted to form iodine. The iodine liberated was found, on titration, to react
exactly with 30.00 cm
3
of 0.100 mol dm-
3
sodium thiosulphate solution.
What was the concentration (in mol dm-
3
) of the iodate(V) ions?
A 0.05 B 0. 1 0 c 0.20 D 0. 25
HI I PrelTll J06
59 The metallic Ion, xn, Is oxidised to X0
3
- by K2Cr207 in an acidic solution. H 25. 0 cm
3
of 0.088
mol dm-
3
aqueous x
n
require 22. 45 cm
3
of 0.065 mol dm-
3
aqueous K2Cr201 for complete
reaction, what Is the value of n?
t
A 1 B 2 c 3 , D 4
HI I JI 11 /JO!
60 A sampl e of 0.025 moles of the chloride of an element Z was dissolved in distilled water and the
solution made up to 500 cm
3
1 2.5 cm
3
of this solution was required to react completely with 25
cm
3
of 0. 1 mol dm-
3
sliver nitrate solution. What I s the most likely formula of the chloride?
A
B
B
D
ZCI
zc1.
HI I JJ 81J I J06
61 1 0 cm
3
of 0.2 mol dm-
3
K2X04 will react with 40 cm
3
of 0.1 mol dm-
3
iron{ll} sulphate solution. If
Fe
2

i s oxidized to Fe
3

by K2xo what Is the final oxidation state of X?
A +2 B +3 c +4 D +5
HI I JJ l J I J06
62 25.0 cm
3
of a 0. 100 mol dm-
3
solution of Y205 i s reduced by sulphur dioxide. To re-oxidize Y to
its original oxidation state, 50.0 cm
3
of 0.0200 mol dm-
3
of acidified potassium manganate(Vll)
solution is required.
What is the oxidation state of Y after Y 205 Is reduced by sulphur dioxide?
A +
3 B +4 c +5 D +6
HI I Promol JO!
63 A solution of an oxidizing agent contains 5.80 g of XO/- per dm
3
of solution. 10.0 cm
3
of this
solution, acidifed with dilute sulphuric acid, r,qulred 15.00 cm
3
of 0.1 mol dm-
3
Fe
2

(aq) Ions for

reaction. Given that the final oxidation stat
e
of X Is +3 after the reaction, what is the relative
atomic mass of element X?
A 50.9 B 52. 0 54. 9 D 63.5
IJ I XI lfl I J07
13
64 In an experiment, 25.o cm3 of 0.0200 mol dm-3 KMn04(aq) were found to absorb and react with
12.0 cm3 or nitrogen monoxide, NO at room temperature and pressure. A colourless solution
contatlng a brown precipitate of manganese(IV) oxide was produced. Which one of the
following is a possible nitrogen
-
containing product of this reaction?
A B Ct
I
D
. I JI 8fl I J001
65 FA 1 contains Fe
2
Ions. In an experiment, It was found that 25.0 cm3 of FA 1 required 18.00 cm3
of 0.200 mol dm3 acidified KMn0
4
(aq) for complete
r
eaction. What Is the volume of 0.150 mol
dm-3 acidified K
2
Cr207(aq) needed to react with 25.0 cm3 of FA 1?
A
B
18.00cm3
20.00 cm3
c
D
24.00 cm3
30.00 cm3
66 lodate(V) ions react with Iodide Ions under acidic conditions as follows:
1
PJ I Pre l J007
The acid Is added to an excess of an aqueous sol utlon of lodate(V) Ions, and iodide Ions; the
liberated Iodine I s then titrated with sodium thlosulphate solution.
22.00 cm3 of 0.100 mol dm-3 sodium thlosulphate solution was required to react with the iodine
produced when 25.0 cm3 of sul phuric acid were used. What was the concentration of the
sulphuric acid in mol dm-3?
A
c
0.0440
0.058
7
B
0
0.0468
0.0880
AJ I Prell :001
67 Ethanedloate Ions, c2ol-, are oxidized by acidified potassium manganate(Vl l ) according to the
equation:
2Mn04 - + ,5C20/- + 16H' - 2Mn2 + 1 OC0
2
+ 8H
2
0
What is the volume (in cm3) of 0.010 mol dm-3 of potassium manganate(Vll) required to oxidize
2.0 P 103 moles of the salt K2C204. H2C20
4
?
A
8
80
160
c
D
200
500
fPJ I Prell J007
68 An aqueous solution containing 1 mol of S20l: Ions reduces 4 mol of C/2 molecules. What is the
sulphur-containing product of this reaction?
A 8 c D
14
Redox and Stoichiometry
69
In a redox experiment, an oxo-anlon of a metal, Mox-. was used to oxidize 22.0 cm3 of a 0. 2 mol
dm-
3
sodium sulphate(IV). For complete reaction, 1 1 . 0 cm3 of 0.16 mol dm-
3
of Mox- solution
was required. If MO; was reduced to M2.(aq), determine the value of x.
A B 2 c 3 D 4
1 J I Pre lil JO
70 An ion of metal X can be oxidised by potassium manganate(Vl l ) In acid solution to form X03-. In
an experiment, 1 . 25 P 1 0
3
mol of the ion of X required 37.5 cm3 of 0. 0200 mol dm-
3
potassium
manganate(Vll) for complete reaction.
What is the initial oxidation state of the ion of X?
A +1 B +2 c +3 D +4
-
y J I Pre lil JOO
71 An element Y can exist In a few oxidation states. 1 2. 50 cm
3
of an aqueous solution of v
2
of
concentration 0.800 mol dm-
3
needed 40. 00 cm
3
of 0. 1 00 mol dm-
3
acidified KMnO.(aq) for
complete reaction.
What is the final oxid<tion state of Y?
A +4 B .+3 c 0 D -1
A. I Prelil JO
72 A sample of 30. 0 cm
3
of 0. 050 mol dm-
3
lron(ll ) sulphate is titrated against 0. 025 mol dm-
3
potassium manganate(VJJ) solution. It Is found that 20.0 cm
3
of the manganate(Vll) solution Is
required to reach end point.
What is the oxidation number of manganese at the end point?
A +2 .a +3 c +4 D +5
Ht I Prelil JOO
73 Two identical
.
Br - solutions were titrated separately with acidified Cr
2
0/- and acidified MnO. -
solution of the same concentration.
Which of the following describes the volume of Cr
2
07
2
- and of Mno. - solution required In the
titratlons to just completely react with Br -7
A The volume of Cr201
2
- needed Is 0.45 times that of MnO needed.
B The volume of Cr20,
2
- heeded Is 0.55 times that of Mn04 - needed.
C The volume of Cr20,
2
- needed Is 0.83 times that of Mno4- needed.
l
D The volume of Cr2o
i
- needed Is 1 .20 ti mes that of Mno4- needed.
15
VJ I Pre\l JOO
Redox and Stoichiometry
74 2.0 g of copper metal Is added to react completely with 25.0 cm
3
of a 0.315 mol dm-
3
of nitrogen
contalnlng. solutlon. Cu2(aq) and NH4 (aq) are formed. By calculatlng final oxidation state of
nitrogen In NH
4
(aq), deduce the lnltlal oxldatlonstate of nitrogen In the solution.
+1 B +3 c +4 0 +5
f PJ I Prel Jo
75 Hydroxylammonlum Ion, HONH3, reduces Fe3 to Fe2 In acid solution. If 4 mol of Fe3 is
reduced by 1 mol of HONH
3
Ion, which of the following nitrogen-containing species Is formed in
the reaction?
A NH/ B c 0
76 The percentage of copper in a copper(ll) salt can be determined by using a thlosulphate titration.
0.401 g of a copper(ll) salt was dissolved In water and added to an excess of potassium Iodide
solution, liberatlng Iodine according to the following equation:
2Cu2(aq) + 4r{aq) 2Cul(s) + h(aq)
The Iodine liberated required 38.00 cm
3
of a 0.100 mol dm-
3
solutlon of sodium thlosulphate. The.
percentage of copper, by mass, In the copper(ll) salt Is
A 60& 2 B 57.1 c 30.1 0 28
.
6
J I Prel J
17 Manganate(Vll) Ions, Mn0
4
-, are reduced In acidic conditions to manganese(ll) Ions, Mn
2
,
whereas they are reduced In neutrat conditions to manganese( IV) oxide, Mn02
The oxidation of 25 cm3 of a solution X containing lron(ll} Ions required, In acidic conditions, 20
cm
3
of a solution Y containing manganate(Vll) Ions. What volume of solution Y would be
required to oxidize 25 cm
3
of solution X In neutral conditions?
A
4
20x- cm
3
7
c
5
20 x- cm3
3
B 20x cm3
5
D 20 x ? cm
3
4
VJ /JI !fl I J01
78 Nitrogen oxide, NxOy. undergoes reaction with hydrogen In the presence of a catalyst to give
ammonia and steam as the only products. 2400 cm
3
of the nitrogen oxide, measured at room
temperature and pressure (r.t.p) produced 7.20 g of water. The ammonia produced was
neutralized by 200 cm
3
of 1.0 mol dm"3 of HC/.
What is the-oxidation number of the nitrogen In the nitrogen oxide?
A +2 B +3 c +4 0 +5
VJ /JI !fl I J07
16
Redox and Stoichiometry
79 25.0 cm3 of a solution of hydrogen peroxide, H202, was oxidized by excess potassium
manganate(Vll) solution under acidic condition. Effervescence of oxygen gas was observed. The
volume of oxygen gas produced at room temperature and pressure was 26 cm3. What Is the
concentration (in mol dm
-
3) of hydrogen peroxide In the solution?
A
B
2. 89 P 10
-
2
4.33 P 10-
2
c
D
8. 66 7 10-
2
1 . 30 7 1 0-

RJ I lroro JOb
. 80 In an experimental Investigation of the reduction of chlorate(VII) ions, C/O -, in aqueous solution,
It was found that 25.0 cm
3
of 0.0500 mol dm-
3
aqueous potassium chlorate(Vfl) required 50. 0
cm
3
of 0.200 mol dm-
3
aqueous titanlum(IJI) chloride to reach the end
-
point. The titanlum{lll)
Ions are oxidized to titanium(IV) Ions In this reaction.
Which of the following formulae could correctly represent . th' e reduction product of the
chlorate(VII) Ions?
A B er c D
HCJ I JI 8fl I JOJ
17
Redox and Stoichiometry
SECTION 8
The responses A to D should be selected on the basis of
A B c 0
1, 2 and 3 are 1 and 2 only are \2 and 3 only are 1 only Is correct
correct correct corrct
No other combination of statements is used as a correct response.
1 Which of the following quantities are equal to the Avogadro constant?
1 The number of ions in 41 g of CH
3
COONa.
2 The number of electrons In 1 g of hydrogen gas.
3 The number of molecules In 24 dm
3
of nitrogen at 273 K and 1 atm.
2 Which of the following statements about one mole of a metal are always correct?
1 It contains the same number of atoms as 12 g of
1
2
C.
2 It contains the same number of atoms as 1 mol of hydrogen atoms.
NX I X1 lfl I J01
3 It contains the same number of atoms as the number of electrons In 1 g of hydrogen gas.
HCX I X1 lfl I JOJ
3 Which statement about a 12.0 g sample of 12
C Is correct?
1 The number of atoms In the sample Is 6.02 x 10
23

2 The number of atoms In the sample Is the same as the number of atoms In 4.0 g of
4
He.
3 The number of atoms In the sample Is the same as the number of atoms In 2 g of 1H2
f x I PreU,$ JO!
4 Which statement about relative atomic mass of X Is correct?
1
2
3
1
It is the ratio of the mass of one atom of X relative to -1 the mass of one atom of 1
2
C
.
12
1
It Is the ratio of the average mass of one atom of X relative to - the mass of one atom
12
or 12C.
It Is the ratio of the mass of one mole of X relative to J. the mass of one mole of
1
2
C.
12
NX I Pr\$ J007
18
Redox and Stoichiometry
5 At r.t.p., 2.8 dm3 of hydrogen sulphide was mixed witt1 1.6 drn1 or sulphur dioxide when the
following reaction occurred.
Which of the following statements are true?
1 Final volume of gases was 0.2 dm
3
.
2 The llmitlng reactant was S02
.
3 The volume of water produced was 2.8 dm
3
.
H / J1 &f1 I JOO'
6 In an experiment, 20 cm3 of an organic compound was sparked with excess oxygen. 80 cm
)
of
carbon dioxide and 80 cm3 of water vapour were obtained. All gases were measured at the same
temperature and pressure. Which of the following molecular formula fit the data?
1 CH3CH2CH2CH3
2 CH3CH2CH2CHO
3 CH3CH2CH2C02H
7 In an experiment, 10 cm3 of a gaseous organic compound were sparked with an excess of
oxygen. 40 cm3 of carbon dioxide and 5 cm3 of nitrogen were obtained among the products. All
the gas volumes were measured at the same temperature and pressure.
Which of the following molecular formulae fit these data?
1 2
8 Which of the following equations represent redox reactions?
1 N02 + 21- + 2H+ "f NO + Ii + H20
2 2Na0H + 2Al + 6H20 - 2NaA/(OH)4 + 3H2
3 NH4N03 - N20 + 2H20
3
HCJ I JI IHI I JO
HCJ I JI 8 fl I JOl
12 Which of the following statements concerning the reaction between chlorine and aqueous
sodium hydroxide are true?
3C/2 + 6Na0H -. 5NaC/ + NaC/03 + 3H20
1 Chlorine undergoes di sproporionation in the reaction.
2 Chlorine is reduced to the +5 oxidation state.
3 NaOH Is acting as a reducing agent .
19
PJ I Pro.o :O.
Redox and Stoichiometry
9 Which of the following statements about the following reaction are correct?
The hydrogensulphite ion is a educi ng agent.
2 The iodine liberated can be determined using standard sodium thiosulphate solution.
3 20 cm
3
of 0.1 mol dm-
3
i odate(V) solution produces 0.001 mole of iodine.
1 O Below is a l i st of chemical reactions {I) to {Ill)
{I) Cu{OH)i(s) 2HN0
3
(aq) - Cu(N03)2(aq) + 2H20(/)
(lJ) Fe203(s) + 3CO(g) - 2Fe{s) + 3C02{g)
{JrI) Sr(N03)2{aq) H
2
$Q4(aq) SrSO,(s) + 2HN03(aq)
Which of the following statements are true?
1 Reaction {I) is a redox reaction.
2 CO(g) is the reducing agent in reaction (II).
3 Reaction {Ill) is a preci pi tati on reaction.
lJ I Prel J06
NX I X1 lfl I J07
11 A 0. 0200 mol sampl e of an oxochloride of E, EOCI, required 10.00 cm
3
of 0.400 mol dm-3
acidified potassium manganate{Vll) for oxidation to form E0
3
- Ions.
Whi ch of the following statements are correct?
1 5 mol EOCI,. react with 1 mol Mno4-.
2 The change in oxidation state of E in the reaction is 1.
3 The value of yi n EOC/,. is 2.
13 A ti tration is carried out between 0. 05 mol dm-
3
potassium manganate(Vll) in alkaline solution
and 0. 05 mol dm-3 potassium methanoate, HC02K. The following reaction occurs.
Which statements are correct about this reaction?
1 Potassium methanoate acts as a reducing agent.
2 The volume of aqueous potassium methanoate required is half that of the aqueous
potassium manganate(Vll) used.
3 The oxidation number or manganese is increased by one unit.
20
Redox and Stoichiometry
STRUCTURED AND FREE RESPONSE QUESTIONS
1 0.50 g of Impure ammonium chloride Is warmed with an excess of potassium hydroxide solution.
The ammonia liberated Is absorbed in 25.0 cm3 of 0.200 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid. The excess of
sulphuric acid requires 5.64 cm
3
of 0.200 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide solution for titration.
(I) Calculate the number of moles of excess sulphuric acid. [
1
I
(II) Calculate the number of moles of ammonia liberated from the reaction between
ammonium chloride and potassium hydroxide. [2]
(Il l) Calculate the percentage purity of ammonium ct1loride in the 0.50 g impure sample.
[3]
:Ax / lrorr>) :oo!
2 Gold can be dissolved from gold-bearing rock by treating the rock with sodium cyanide in the
presence of oxygen In air.
3
(a) (I)
4Au(s) + 8NaCN(aq) + 02(g) + 2H20(/) _ 4NaAu(CN)2(aq) + 4Na0H(aq)
Calculate the number of moles of gold present in 10001g of rock if the rock is
0.0019% by mass of gold. [1
]
(II) Find the volume of 0.075 mol dr"3 NaCN(aq) required to extract that amount of
gold In (a)(i). Express your answers in cubic metres.
[
2
]
(b) Once the gold Is In solution In the form of the Au(CN)2- ion, it can be precipitated as the
metal according to the following equation:
(a)
(I)
(II)
2Au(CN)
2
-(aq) + Zn(s) - Zn
2
'(aq) + 2Au(s) + 4CW(aq
)
Calculate the mass of zinc required to recover the gold in (a) from Au(CN)i-(aq).
Given that one mole of Cr is dissolved to yield one mole of Cr{CN)52-, predict the
mass of
Zn required to recover Cr from Cr(CN)s2- assuming that 1000 kg of rock
contains the same number of moles of chromium metal as it does gold.
[3
)
V. / J1 6fl I :1001
0.50 g of hydrated lron(ll) sulphate (FeS04.7H,O) was dissolved in dilute H2S04 and
titrated with 0.0? mol dm-3 potassium manganate(Vll). What volume of potassium
manganate(Vll) was required to complete the titration? [3]
(b) An ore contains 0.77% by mass of the mineral Cu2S and no other copper minerals.
Calculate the maximum mass of pure copper that could be produced from 5 tonnes of the
ore. (1 tonne= 1000 kg) [2)
CJ / Prel :011 lope1 ;
21
Redox and Stoichiometry
4 A supply of soclium metal was contaminated with sodium oxide and sodium chloride. A sample of
this metal weighing 1 .00 g was reacted with water, producing 4 70 cm3 of hydrogen gas under
room conditions. The resulting solution was made up to a volume of 250 cm3 with water and a
25.0 cm3 portion of the final solution was exactly neutralized by 37.20 cm3 of 0.056 mol dm-3
sulphuric acid.
5
(i) Calculate the number of moles of hydrogen gas released. [1]
(ii) Calculate the number of moles of sodium hydroxide produced by the reaction between
water and the sample.
[2
]
(iii) Use your answers to parts (i) and (ii), together with the equations below, to calculate the
number of moles of sodium and sodium oxide in the sample.
Given: 2Na 2H20 2NaOH + H
2
Na20 + H20 _ 2Na0H [2]
(iv) Hence, deduce the % by mass of sodium and sodium oxide in the sample.
[2)
(a)
1 J I JI 81 / JOJ
Al r.t.p, 1 0.0 dm3 of polluted air is passed through limewater so that all the C02 is
precipitated as CaC03. The mass of CaC0
3
formed Is 0.050 g. What is the percentage by
volume of C02 in the air sample?
[
Molar volume of a gas at r.t.p " 24 dm3] [2]
(b) 40.0 cm3 of a HC/ solution was diluted with water and made up to a 250 cm3 solution.
25.0 cm3 of this diluted solution required 20.90 cm3 of 0.01 mol dm-3 NaOH solution for
complete neutralization.
Whal is the concentration of the original HC/ solution in mol dm-3?
[
2
)
(c) Balance the following equations:
(I)
(ii)
S02 10
3
.. _ so/- + 12 (acidic medium)
Cr20/- C20/- + W Cr3' + C0
2
+ H
2
0
(d) The following is a method by which the reaction between iron(lll) Ions and
hydroxylammonium chloride, NH30Hcr. may be Investigated.
25.0 cm3 of a solution containing
3
.60 g dm-3 of hydroxylammonlum chloride was added
to a solution containing an excess of Fe3 Ions and about . 25 cm3 of a
1 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid and the mixture boiled. It was then diluted with water and
allowed to cool. The Fe
2
' ions formed was then titrated with 0.020 mol dm-3 potassium
manganate(Vll) of which 25.90 cm3 were required.
(I)
(ii)
Calculate the molar ratio Fe3' I NH
3
0H' In the reaction.
Determine the oxidation number of nitrogen In the product.
22
HCJC I JI en I JOJ
[2)
[
2
]
(
2
)
Redox and Stoichiometry
6' 30 cm
3
of colourless 0.04 mol dm"3 aqueous ammoni um vanadate, NH4VO) was reduced under
suitable conditions to give a violet solution contai ni ng posi ti vel y charged vanadi um i ons, V"' . On
titration, this solution was found to require 48 crh of 0. 01 mol dm-3 aqueous potassi um
manganate(Vl l ) solution to oxidize the vn back to the ori gi nal vanadate i ons.
(a) What Is the oxidation number of vanadi um in ammoni um vanadate, NH4V03?
1 1 1
(b) Calcul ate the number of moles of manganale( V l l ) i ons requi red to oxi di ze 1 . 0 mol of V"'
ion. ( 1 mol of vn - 1 mol of V0
3
-)
[ 3]
(, Hence, determine the value of n in the formula of the violet vanadi um i on, V"'. [2]
jAJC I Prool JOJ
7 The compound Na
3
Cr04 Is a green solid. When mixed wi th di l ute H2S04, it di spropori onates to
yield Cr
J
.(aq) and Cr
2
o/
-(aq). The mixture produced was mixed with excess Kl and the 1 2
liberated required 40. 0 cm
3
of 0. 25 mol dm-
3
Na2S20
3
(aq) for reacti on.
8
Write equations for the following changes:
(I) Cro/- to Cr3 and
(II) crol- to Cr
2
0/
-
(Ill)
(Iv)
(a)
hence, write the overall equation for the di sproportionation of Cr04 in acid.
Calculate the mass of Na
3
Cr04 used In this reaction.
ACJ I Prell ;O\
When a 1 0.65 g sample of NaC/03 is heated at its melting point, it disproporionate to
NaC/0
4
and NaCl.
(I) Explain the term 'disproportionate' with reference to NaC/03.
(II} Determine the oxidation number of Cl in NaC/03 and NaC/04.
(I l l ) Write a balanced equation for the descri bed reacti on.
(Iv) Calculate the mass of NaC/04 that can be obtai ned from the reacti on.
(b)
The oxidation number of an element M In a compound was determined as follows.
0.01 3 mol of the compound was d issolved in water and the sol uti on was made up to
1 00 cm3 1 0.0 cm3 of this solution required
2
1 .65 cm
3
of 0.02 mol drn-
3
K2Cr20, to oxidi ze
M in the compound to the +5 oxidation state. Given
Calculate the original oxidation number of M In the compound.
A I JC\ ffl I :OI
23
[6]
[5]
[5]
Redox and Stoichiometry
9 (a) Sodium sul phate( I Y) , Na2S03, i s someti mes added t o sausage meat to act as a
preservative. The amount of sodium sulphate(IV) present can be determined by boiling a
sampl e of the meat with aci d and then determining the quantity of sul phur dioxide
produced by ti trati on agai nst iodine.
1 00 g of sausage meat was boil ed wi th 500 cm3 of 1 mol dm"
3
hydrochloric acid. The
sulphur di oxi de evolved was dissolved In water and found to require 24.00 cm3 of
0. 01 25 mol dm-3 i odi ne solution for complete reaction. The iodine was reduced to iodide
ions i n the reacti on. I n order to check the resul ts of the titration, excess barium chloride is
added to the final solution after titration and the resultlng precipitate of barium
sul phate( VI ) is collected and weighed.
\
(i ) Wri te a bal anced equation to represent the reaction betwebn sulphur dioxide and
iodine.
(ii) State clearly the colour change that occurs at the end-point of the above
mentioned titration.
(iii) Government scientists often expre,s the amount of sodium sulphate(IV) in meat
in p. p. m (parts per mi llion) where 1 p.p.m. * 1 g In 10
6
g of meat.
Determi ne the amount of sodium sulphate(IV) (in p.p.m.) in the sausage meat.
(i v) Calculate the mass of barium sulphate{VI) formed when excess barium chloride
solution is added to the solution at the end of the titration.
(b) Alloys of al umi ni um and magnesium are often used in aircraft manufacture because of
their strength and low density.
When aqueous sodium hydroxi de Is added to a sample of one such alloy, the alumlnium
present reduces water i n the basic solution to produce hydrogen gas while Itself Is
oxidized to aluminate, (A/(OH)4r.
For the above reaction, write down the following:
(i ) Oxi dati on hal fequat ion,
(ii) Reduction half-equation,
(i Ii) Overall balanced equation
AJ / JI lfl I JOOl
1 0 Chlorine reacts with iodine to form a compound T, IC/1. When dissolved in an excess of aqueous
potassium i odi de, T liberates i odi neq 1 2, which Is the only Iodine
-
containing product In the
reaction.
(i ) Write the equation for the reaction between T and potassium Iodide.
( i i ) Calculate the number of mol es of iodine liberated when 1. 00 g of T reacts with an excess
of aqueous potassi um i odi de.
(ill) What volume of 1 . 00 mol dm-3 sodium thiosulphate would be required to react wi th all the
iodine liberated in (I I )?
AJ I Pre\) JOb I Poper J
24
(
8)
[2]
[3]
Redox and Stoichiometry
1 1 Hydroxylamlne ( NH20H) may be oxidized under different condi ti ons eitt)er to ni trogen ( N2) or to
di nitrogen oxide (N20).
(a) The hal f equati on for the oxi dation of hydroxyl arn i ne to nitrogen i s
(b)
Constr

ct a si mi l ar half equation for the oxi dati on of hydroxyl ami ne to N20.

It was found experimentally that sol uti on A (80 cm3 of 0. 05 mol dm-
3
hydroxylarni ne) was
quantitatively oxidized by sol ution B ( 20 cm3 of 0. 40 mol dm-
3
Fe
3
' i ons).
Calculate the number of moles of
(I}
NH20H in solution A,
(II)
(Ill)
Fe
3
i n solution B
Fe
3
that reacted with 1 mole of NH
2
0H.
[ 1 J
[3]
(c}
From your answers to (b), deduce whether the hydroxyl ami ne has been oxi di zed to
nitrogen or dinltrogen oxide and hence write an equati on for the redox reaction between
NH20H and Fe3.
[2)
ACJC I Promo JOJ
1 2 Chlorine was bubbled through 250 cm3 of aqueous sodi um thiosulphale, Na2S203 A redox
reaction occurs between chlorine and thl osul phate I ons, forming chloride i ons and sul phate ions.
Excess chlorine was then removed by some suitable means.
(a) Explain what is meant by a "redox reaction
"
, maki ng reference to the reaction between
chlorine and thlosulphate Ions
{ 1 ]
(b) (I)
( I I)
Construct the half equations and the overal l bal anced equation for the reaction
occurred.
A 25.0 cm3 sample of the resul tant solution was found to give 0. 583 g of bari um
sul phate precipitate when treated wi th an excess of aqueous bari um ni trate.
Calculate the concentration of Na2S203 i n the 250 crn3 solution used.
(
c
) Another hal ogen., i odi ne, reacts with thi osulphate i ons In a di Herent manner:
By comparing the changes In oxidation state of sul phur i n thi s reaction and the reaction i n
[ 3)
(b)(I), suggest which halogen, i odi ne or chl ori ne, i s the stronger oxi di zi ng agent.
(2)
HU / JCI !fl I JOO!
25
Redox and Stoichiometry
1 3 I odine and chlorine react together to form compound X ( I C/n). When 0.0.01 0 mol of X was reacted
with an excess of Kl (aq). all of its iodine was converted into '
2
. The iodine liberated required 40. 0
cm3 of 0. 1 0 mol dm sodi um thi osul phate. Na2S20
3
for compl ete reaction.
(i ) Calcul ate t he amount (i n mol es) of i odi ne produced.
12 2S10/- - 21- $406
2
-
(i i ) Hence cal cul ate the val ue of n in IC/n.
( i i i ) Write a bal anced equation for t he reaction between C/ 2 and ( i.
HJ I JI 81 I JO
1 4 (a) 1 9.47cm3 of a 0. 1 398 mol dm-3 KMn04 is required to oxidize 20.00 cm3 of potassium
Iodide under al kali ne conditions. In the process, Mno,- is convered to Mn02
(i)
(i I )
Write a bal anced i oni c equation for the above reaction.
Calcul ate the molar concentration of the Kl soluti on.
(b) Under suitable conditions, i odine and chlorine react to gi ve an inter-halogen compound,

. A pure sample of
x
reacts with an excess of aqueous potassium lod_lde according
to the equat ion below:
The i odine liberated requires 1 7 . 1 0 cm3 of 0. 1 00 mol dm-3 sodium thlosulphate solution
for titration whereas the chloride Ion liberated requires 1 2.80 cm
3
of 0. 1 00 mol dm-3
aqueous si l ver nitrate for complete precipitation.
Determine the value of .
HJ I Prool JOOJ
1 5 I n an experi ment, 6. 25 ^ 1 0-3 mol of sulphur dioxide, S02 , Is found to react completely in acidic
medi um with 25.0 cm
3
or 0. 1 00 mol dm-3 of aqueous potassium lodate(V), KJ0
3
, to give Iodine
and a sul phur-contai ni ng product.
( i ) Bal ance the half-reaction equati on:
I OJ- 1 2
( i i ) Cal cul ate t he mol ar rati o S02 / 1 0
3
- i n the reacti on.
( i l l ) Determi ne t he oi dati on number of sul phur i n the product.
(iv) Hence bal ance the equation for the reaction between S02 and 103- In the acidic medium.
H! I JI 81 / ;06
26
(3)
(
1
]
(
2
]
(
4
]
[
5
]
Redox and Stoichiometry
1 6 Sheep are most prone to chronic copper poisoning (CCP), commonly caused by consuming
contaminated liquld feed. Any excess absorbed copper stored in the cells or tile li ver,
eventually reaching toxic levels. Levels in the li ver saa p. p. m. (usi ng the mass or the l i ver as a
reference) are usually considered toxic.
The concentration of copper( l l ) Ions in the li qui d reed can be quantifi ed by first reacti ng t he
sample with excess potassium iodide (to produce copper( ! ) i odi de and iodine) followed by
titration of the liberated Iodine against standard aqueous sodi um thi osul phate.
(a) Write down the balanced equations, with state symbol s, ror the two reactions ment i oned
above.
[
2
]
(b) If a zs a cm3 sample of the liquid reed was reacted as described above, the volume .
aa 7 1 0-5 mol dm-3 standard aqueous sodium thiosulphate needed for complete
reactlon was za as cm
3
. Calculate the concentration of Cu
2
' in the a; -
,
.
,
(i Consider a sheep candidate with a kg .- a-. --.- ---. aaa+ g copper
(A, " 63.5) and can eliminate a aa g of excess copper via the kidneys daily. If . -.
a dm
3
of the above feed dally and the average sheep can live up to za years in age,
show whether the feed Is safe for consumption. [3]
(
d
) Suggest another method to determine the amount of copper( l l ) ions in a sample sol uti on
of the feed.
[ 1 ]
.
fJ( I JCI en .O
1 7 (a) When potassium nitrate, KN03, is heated, it decomposes accordi ng to t he equation:
Calculate the maximum mass of potassium ni tri te, KN02, whic- could be obtained if
. ss g of KN0
3
were fully decomposed by --a.
'

I
(b) Potassium nitrite, KN02, can be oxidized to potassium ni trate, KN0
3
, by reacting i t with
acidified potassium manganate( Y 1 1 ).
( I)
( I I)
Construct a half equation for the oxidation of N02 - to N03 - .
Hence, write a balanced equation for the reacti on between KN02 and KMn04.
(c) Another 1.55 g sample of KN0
3
was partly decomposed by heat i ng. The resi due was
dissolved i n water and the volume of the solution made up to .:a cm3. A z: a cm
3
portion
of this solution was found to react, in acidic medium, with .s -a cm
3
of a a :a mol dm-3
KM no .
[ 1 ]
[ 1 )
(I) Calculate the mass of KN02 present i n the resi due.
(
2
)
( I I ) Use the result obtained i n part s (a) and (c)(I ) t o calcul ate the percentage
conversion of KN0
3
to KN02 i n this experiment .
( 1 ]
f PJ / Prel .07 t Poper .
27
Redox and Stoichiometry
1 8 Chromi um oxide, CrO, i s a n unusual oxide of chromi um. I t is normal l y found on the magnetic
layer of c;ssette tapes. This compound i s both hi ghl y conductive and ferromagnetic, which
providAs a good audio response.
When the oxi de from a particular l ength of tape is dissolved in dilute sul phuric acid,
disproportionation occurs, forming Cr3' and Cr20/-. The resulting solution required 30.0 cm3 of
0. 1 0 mol dm "
3
Fe
2
' (aq) to completely reduce Cr2o/- to Cr3'.
( i ) Suggest an equati on for t he di sproportionation or Cr02 i n acid solution.
( i i ) Wri te an equati on for t he reacti on of Cr2072- with Fe
2
' in acid solution.
(i i i ) Calculate the mass of Cr02 in the length of cassette tape.
(i v} If 1 2. 5% of t he original l ength of tape was used for t he experiment, calculate t he original
length of t he t ape. (Width of the tap : 0. 5 cm; thickness * 0. 1 mm; coating density of
Cr02 : 2. 24 g cm-3).
CJ I Prell J06 I Poper J
1 9 The Wi nkl er method can be used to determine the amount of dissolved oxygen in a water
sampl e. In an experi ment, manganese( I I ) sul phate solution Is first added to a 1 00 cm3 water
sample in a conical fi ask, followed by alkaline saturated potassium Iodide solution In excess. A
brown precipitate of manganese(! r I ) hydroxide is formed. Concentrated sulphuric acid Is then
added and the solution is carefully mixed unti l the precipitate disappears, leaving a dark brown
sol uti on. This soluti on requi res 7 .50 cm3 of 0.01 25 mol dm-3 sodium thlosulphate for titration.
(a
)
Write a bal anced ionic equation for the reaction of manganese(ll) sulphate and oxygen in
[
7
]
the water sample under al kal i ne condition.
[ 1 ]
(b) Write an equati on for t he di sappearance of the brown precipitate on addi ng concentrated
sulphuric aci d.
[ 1 ]
(c) Write an equati on for the titration reaction and hence calculate the concentration of the
dissolved oxygen i n the water sample i n mg dm-3.
[4]
PJ I Prell J( I Poper J
20 Acidified potassi um manganate( Yl l ) . KMnQ4, oxidizes ethanediolc acid, H2C204, to form a
colourless gas. 1 . 27 g of iron( l l ) ethanedioate were made up to 250 cm3 of acidified aqueous
solution. 25.0 cm3 or this soluti on reacted completely with 26. 50 cm3 of 0.0200 mol dm-3 KMnO
. solution.
( i ) Calculate the mol e ratio of KMnQ4 to FeC204 taking part i n this reaction.
( i i ) Hence, write an i onic equation for the reaction between KMnO. and FeC20. In the
presence of H2S04.
NJ I Prell J06 I Pope

J
28
[4]
Redox and Stoichiometry
21 (a) (I )
(Ii)
A hydride of nitrogen_ Q, contai ns 1 2 . 5% or hydrogen by mass.
Cal cul ate the empi ri cal formula or Q.
When Q was heated very strongly, it decomposes i nto its el ements. 1 0 cm'J or Q
gave 30 cm
3
of products (vol umes are measured under the same conditions) .
[ 1 I
Whal Is the mol ecul ar formul a of Q and the oxi dati on state of ni trogen in Q?
[2]
(I l l ) Q I s an unstable compound which will disproporionate t o gi ve two ni trogen
containing products when heated gently, The oxidation numbers of ni trogen i n the
two products are O and -3 respectively.
Write a balanced equation for the reacti on and expl ai n what is meant by
disproportionation In this reaction.
1
2
]
(b) 25.0 cm
3
of an aqueous solution contai ni ng 0. 050 mol dm-3 of an ion M3' ( aq) was
reduced using excess zinc, and the unreacted zi nc removed. The resulting sol uti on
required sa cm
3
of an acidified sol uti on of potassi um manganate( V l l ) of 0. 050 mol dm-3
to restore M to I t s original +3 oxidati on st at e. To what oxi dati on state was M:i' reduced by
zinc?
[2)
22 (a)
:AJ I Prel < Poper :
Although xenon Is a noble gas, it forms many di fferent compounds wi th fluori ne and
oxygen. Xenon trioxide, Xe0
3
, dissolves In water to form an aci di c soluti on of xeni c aci d,
H2Xe04.
Xenlc acid Is a very powerful oxidizing agent that can oxidize manganese( l l ) to
maoganate( Vl l) Ions.
What Is the oxidation state of Xe In xenic aci d?
(b) 1 6.75 g of Xe03 was dissolved i n water to gi ve a sol uti on of xeni c aci d. The sol uti on was
made up to 1 00 cm
3
using deionised water. 10. 0 cm
3
of the sol uti on was then titrated
against a 0.500 mol dm-
3
aqueous solution of Mn
2
' . 22. 45 crn3 of aqueous Mn2' was
required for complete reaction.
(i ) Write the half
-
equation showi ng the conversi on of manganese( l l ) to
manganate(Vl l ) ions under aci di c condi ti ons.
(I I ) Determine the amount of xeni c aci d formed.
(I l l ) Hence, calculate the mol e ratio of H2Xe04 t o Mn2' .
(Iv) Deduce the final oxidation state and suggest a possi bl e identity for the xenon
containing product.
(v) Hence, write a bal anced equati on for the reacti on between H

Xe04 and Mn

.
k. ] JCI lfl I :OOb
[
1 J
[
7
]
Redox and Stoichiometry
23 (a) A rusted i ron nai l was anal ysed to determi ne the amount of iron that had been oxidised to
rust. The iron nai l was dissolved in excess dilute sulphuric acid to give 1 dm
3
of solution
which now contains both Fe2' ions from the unrusted Iron and Fe3 ions from the rusted
iron.
(I) 25. 0 cm3 of this sol uti on required 33.80 cm3 of 0. 1 0 mol dm-
3
KMnO for complete
oxi dation of the Fe
2
' ions. Cal cul ate the amount of Fe
2
Ions In the 1 dm
3
of the
origi nal sampl e.
( I i ) To a second 25. 0 cm1 sample of sol uti on, an oxidising agent was added to
convert al l the Fe2' ions present to Fe
3
ions. The Fe3 Ions were then titrated with
a sol uti on of EDTA ions and 1 7. 60 cm
3
of 1 . 00 mol dm-
3
EDTA were required.
Calculate the amount of Fe3 Ions from the rust In 1 dm
3
of the original sample.
[ 1 mole of EDT A reacts with 1 mole of Fe
3' ions]
(b) When hydrated iodic acid i s heated to 240 C, the acid dehydrates to form anhydrous
white crystal s.
24 (a)
A sample of these anhydrous crystals, H103, reacted completely with 1 00 cm
3
of a
gaseous mi xture of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. The carbon monoxide gas in
the mi xture was oxi di sed to carbon di oxi de. The iodine liberated in this reaction required
1 4 . 60 cm3 of 0. 050 mol dm-3 Na2S20
3
for complete reaction.
( I ) Write a bal anced equation for the reaction between lodlc acid and carbon
monoxi de.
(1 1 )
(I I I )
Cal cul ate t he amount of iodine liberated i n the reaction.
Hence determi ne the percentage of carbon monoxide In the gaseous mixture.
[All gas volumes were measured at s.t.p.)
.
HI f Prool J06
FA 1 is a mixture of sodi um bromide and sodium sulphate. 6. 000 g of FA 1 was dissolved
in water to make up FA 2. The FA 2 solution was divided Into two portions of equal
vol ume. Barium chloride solution was added in excess to a portion of FA 2 and 3.776 g of
a white precipitate was formed.
( I )
Identi f t he white precipitate and hence calculate the mass of sodium sulphate in
[2]
(2)
( 1 ]
(2]
( 1)
6.000 g of FA 1 .
(
3
)
(i i ) Cal cul ate the percentage by mass of sodium I n FA 1.
(
4
)
(b) 0. 1 50 mol dm-
3
of acidified K2Cr201(aq) was added to the other portion of FA 2. The
Cr20/(aq) Ions are reduced to Cr'(aq) ions.
By writing a relevant equation. calculate the volume of K2Cr
2
01(aq) required to bring
about complete reaction.
(3]
AJ f J1 111 / J007
30
Redox and Stoichiometry
25 (a) A given chromate compound, Na
3
Cr0. is an unstabl e dark green sol i d. On addition of
dilute sodium hydroxide, It may undergo disproportionation to produce a solution
containing chromium( l l l ) ions, Cr3' and chromate( VI ) i ons. Cro/.
When a 2.00 g sample of the impure green solid was treated i n ltiis way, ti l e
chromate(VI) Ions in the resulting basic soluti on reacts wit11 an excess or tqueous
potassium bromide to liberate 5. 00 7 1 0
3
mol es of bromi ne and a green solution
containing chromlum(l l l ) ions, Cr1
.
(I) Calculate the oxidation number of chromium in Na3Cr04.
(I I) Define the term "disproporionation".
(Il l) Write balanced half-equations for each of the following processes:
reduction of the given chromate ion to chromi um( 1 1 l ) ion
2 oxidation of the given chromate ion to chromate( VI ) ion
(Iv) Construct a balanced ionic equation for the reaction between chromate( Yl ) and
bromide, Br - ions.
(v) With the aid of the two overall equati ons in (a)(i i i ) and (a)(lv), cal cul ate the
number of moles of Na
3
Cr04 in the 2. 00 g sample and hence calculate its
percentage purity.
(b) A solution containing ammonium polytriovanadate(V), NHN0
3
, in dilute sulphuric acid
can be reduced by zinc to give a lilac-coloured solution. A 25. 0 cm
3
porion or a sol ution
containing 0.0500 mol dm-3 ammoni um polytriovanadate( V) was reduced by zi nc and
subsequently re-oxidized to the original state using 37 . 5 crn3 of 0. 0200 mol dm
potassium manganate(V l l ) solution.
Calculate the oxidation state of vanadium in the lilac
-coloured solution.
RJ J JI Bfl I :OJ
26 A solution of uranium Ions, uo/(aq) i s yellow. The uo/(aq) are reduced by zi nc powder in the
presence of acid to green u1(aq) Ions.
The u2(aq) can be oxidized quantitatively back to UO/'(aq) by acidified Mno4-(aq). It was found
experimentally that za.a cm3 of a aa mol dm
-
3
U2'(aq) reacted with 1 6.00 cm
3
Mn04-(aq) of
concentration 0.050 mol dm-3.
(a) What Is the oxid

tlon state of U in Uo/(aq)?

(b) Calculate the number of moles of uz that reacted wltt1 mol e of acidi fi ed MnOdaq).
(
7
]
[
3
]
[ 1 ]
Hence determine the value of z.
[4]
(c) Using the value in (b), write a balanced equation ror t-e reaction between UL' and
acidifed Mn04 -(aq).
[ 1 ]
AJ I /totnol JOOb
31
Redox and Stoichiometry
27
A complex ethanedi oate sal t W, K,Mn(C204)y
.
zH20 was prepared. On heati ng, 1 . 00 g of W gave
0. 1 1 g of water. On igni tion with phosphoric(V) acid, 1 .00 g of the salt W gave a residue of 0. 29 g
Mn2P201. On di ssolvi ng with sul phuri c aci d. 0 . 1 0 g of W requi red 1 2. 25 cm
3
of 0. 020 mol dm"3
aqueous potassium manganate(V I I ) to reach the end-poi nt on titration.
(
i ) Bal ance the following i oni c equati on for the redox titration between . t he sal t W and
potassium manganate(Vl l ) i n acidic condition.
C20/- Mn0q- . C02 + Mn2
(
1 )
(i i ) Find the mass of Mn in 1 . 00 g of W.
[
1 ]
( i i i ) Find t he mass of ethandi oate, c20/ i n 1 .00 g of W. ( 1 )
(iv) Fi nd the mass of potassi um from 1 .00 g of W. ( 1 ]
(v) Find x, y and z.
[
2
]
28 (a) Bal ance the following redox equatons:
(i )
(I i )
As20
3
(S) + N03 "(aq) H3AS04(aq) + NO(g)
MnOdaq) + N02-(aq) - Mn02(s) N03"(aq)
(acidic)
(basic)
HJ I JI 81 I JOO)
(b) The mi neral hydromagnesite is a hydrated carbonate of magnesium, with the formula
Mg
x
(C03)
y
.(0H)
z
.nH20 and a molar mass of 466 g mof
-1
. Hydromagnesite decomposes to
give magnesi um oxide as the only solid product, together with carbon dioxide and steam.
Mgx(C03)y(0H)z. nH20(s) xMgO(s) + yC02(g) + ,H20(g)
When 1 . 1 0 g of a pure sampl e of hydromagnesite i s heated to constant mass, 0. 415 g of
carbon dioxide was given off.
(i ) Cal culate the amount of hydromagnesite heated and carbon dioxide given off, and
[
2
]'
hence determine the value of y.
[
2]
The magnesium oxide obtained from the above decomposition was completely di ssolved
in 50 cm3 of a 0. 500 mol dm-3 soluti on of sulphuric acid. The resultant solution was
transferred into a volumetric nask and di luted lo 250 cm
3
with deionized water. A 25.0 cm3
al i quot of this diluted solution required 26. 40 cm
3
of a 0. 1 00 mol dm "3 solution of
potassium hydroxi de for complete neutralisation.
( 1 1 ) Fi ne t he amount of sul phuric acid that reacted with magnesium oxide.
( I i i ) Usi ng t he equati on given below, determine t he value of x I n the formula of
hydromagnesite.
(iv) Hence or otherwise, deduce the values of and 11.
HCl I Jl leCl\e fell I / J03
32
(
3
)
[ 1 ]
[
2
)
Redox and Stoichiometry
AN5WER5
VuLT|PLECHD| CEQuF5T| D|$
5octicnA
1 C 2 0 3 C 4 C 5 0 6 C 7 C 8
-
A

9 -0
-1
B
1 1 B 12 B 1 3 B 1 4 C 1 5 C 1 6 C 1 7 B ! 8 B 1 9 B 20 A
21 A 22 D 23 0 24 C 25 C 26 C 2 C 28 B 29 C 30 8
31 B 32 C 33 0 34 B 35 0 36 8 37 B 38 C 3

A 40 0
41 A 42 0 43 C 44 C 45 C 46 0 4 C 48 B 49 C 50 C
51 C 52 C 53 C 54 C 55 C 56 0 5 B 58 A 5

A 60 0
61 C 62 B 63 B 64 B 65 B 66 A 6 B 68 C 6

0 0 B
71 A 2 C 73 C 74 0 75 C 76 A C 8 C 79 B 80 B
5ecI|onB
_
1

1

1
1--
4
_. I
C
I: .i .L:
6
:. ]
C

:
8
_, ]
A

___
0
_ ]_
A
__,
5TRUCTURE0ANDFREEREPDN5EQuE5T| DN5
1 ,, ]5.64 > 1 04 mol (., ]8. 8 10mol
2
(a)(I) 9.64 10`'mol | (a)(||)
|
2. 57 1 O' cm
(b)(||)

.46g
3 (a) j a.o cm3 (b) ]30. 73 kg
4

,,
(111)
1 .96 > 10"2mol | (||) _ 4. J 7 1 0

mo|
3.92 > 10
2
mol, 1 . 25 " 103 mol
(a) 0. 12%
|
(b) ]0.05?3mol dm
3
5
(c)(I) 5502 + 2103- + 4H20 - 5so/ |

8H
(c)(||) CrO) + 3C
2
0/- + 14H . 2Cr3 6C02 7H20
()() : 2
[
(
)(i i )
[
+1
6 (a) ]+s (b) ]0+ 4 mol
(I) cro + 8H` + 2e - Cr3' 4H20
7 (II) 2Cr4 + 2H " Cr20, + 2o H,O
( I l |) 3CK. 1 0H er + Cr20/- 5H20
, ., ] 94.9%
| (b}[i ) |3 J 5 g

] (., ]90. 1 %, 1. 74%
(c) |3
|
(iv)
|
o+ 925g
,.,(, NaC/03 Is simultaneously reduced and oxidized to form two different products.
8 (a)(||) +, 7 (a)(i l |) 4NaC/0
3
.. 3NaC/04 NaCl
(a)(|
v) 9. 1 9 g (b) -J
(a)(I) so2 + |, 2H20 - 2I SO. + 4H` ] (a)(|i) ]Brown to colourless
9
(a)(|||) 378.3p.p.m. |(a)(lv) |0n 070 g
(b)(|) A/ 40H" - [A/(OH),J3 |(b)(l l } |2H' 2e` H
(b)(|||) 2A + 20H + 6H20 .. 3H2 2[Al(OH).]
33
`
'
Redox and Stoichiometry
.
1
0 .
( I )
|1 c1, K1 4 1 2 + 7KC/ ( i i ) 1 . 07 ^ 1 0
2
mol (I ll ) |21 . 3 cm3
(a} 2NH20H

N20 + 4H' + H20 + 4e- | (b)(I } |0.004 mol

1 1 (b)(i i ) 0. 008 mol |(b)(i i i l |2
(c) N10: 4Fe3' 2NH20H 4Fe
2
' N20 + 4H' + H20
(a)
f l is a type of chemical reaction whereby atoms (chlorine and sulphur in this case) have their
oxidation number changed.
1 2
Ct2 2e 2cr
(b)
{
i ) S20/- 5H20 * 2so/ + Be- + 1 OH'
4Ct2 + s20/ + 5H
2
0 zso. 1 0H' acr
(b )(i
i ) 0. 05 mol dm-3
[
(c)
[
chlorine
1 3 | (I ) |0. 002 mol
en)
]3
1 4
(a)(i) 2Mn0,

6r + 4H20 -.. 31
2
+ 2Mn02 BOW
(a)(l i ) 0. 408 mol dm 3
]
(b)
l
s
(i ) 2103- + 1 2H' + 1 oe 12 + 6H20
[
(II)
[
2.
5
1 5
l l
5
S02 + 2103- + 4H20 * sso. +

+ 8H (i i i ) +6 (iv)
(a)
2Cu
2
' (aq) + 41-(aq) 2Cul (s) l 2 (s)
1 6 12(s) + 2S20/-(aq) S,Of;(aq) + 2i-(aq
)
(b) 8. 02 " 1 oI mol dm3 [ (c)
[
Not safe
l
|)
[
Precipitation
(a) 1 . 30 g j (b)(I ) |N02- H20
~
N0
3
- + 2H' + 2e-
1 7 (b)(i l ) 2Mno,- + SN02- + 6H' .. 2Mn
2
' + 5N0
3
+ 3H20
(c)(i ) 0. 922 g |<cHiil |10.9 %
(i) 6Cr02 + 1 0H'
_
4Cr
3
' + Cr20/- + SH20
1 8 ( i i ) Cr20/
-
+ 6Fe
2
' + 1 4H'

6Fe3' + 2Cr3' 7H20

(i i i ) 0. 252 g
[
(iv) |1 80 cm
(a) 4Mn2' " 80H- + 02 + 2H20
~
4Mn(OH)J
1 9 (b) 2Mn(OHh 6H' + 2r

2Mn
2
' + 6H20
12
(c
)
2S203
2
- + 12
*
S,06
2
- 2r ; 7 -50 mg dm-3
( i ) 3 : 5
20 1- --- -: -
( i i ) 5FeC204 + 3Mno,- + 24H' ... 1 0C02 + SFe + sv

1 2H20
21 | (a)(i) |NH;
(a
)
+6 (b)(i ) 4H20 + Mn
2
' ~ vo. + 8H' s-
22 (b)(ll ) 0. 0936 mol (b)(li l ) 5 : 6 |(b)(lv) [0 ; Xe(g)
(b)(v) SH2Xe0, + 6Mn
2
' + 4H20
~
6Mn0, - + SXe + 18H'
34
Redox and Stoichiometry
..
(-,(.,
( ,(.,

(,(,
(,
(-,(,
..
(,(.,
(-,(

,
(,
:e
(,
(c)
27
(I)
(..,
(,(,
:s (-,(.,
(,(..,
0.676 m-l
|
(a,( i, |aazmol (-,( , 3. 65 o- mol
z+.c,

Co
.. 1 2
5C0
2
+,e (-,(., a

s-so,ea
a
| (.,(.,|30. 0%
c,c.
,
- 6Br + 2Cr3' 3Br2 + 71i,O; 1 5. 1 0 cm
J
+5
|
( )(
i '
)
|
a reaction in
.
whi ch a substance is si mul taneousl y
a
--.--and reduced, giving two different products
s--..--co. +,c z- . C(l + 0W
o--.--co, cro/- + e-
zco,

- es +,c
- 2Cr3' 3Br 1 60H. ](a)(v)
]
aaa:--: zs
z
-e

(,

zv-o, su zv-`
2

- sco,
:c,c.
,
- zv-o. : e+ acc, zv- +,c ( ,

:
a
|
(I v) |0. 239 9 (v)
::,c, - sc, - i+,c

6H;s04 .e
zv-c, - :sc, +

c zv-c, 3N03- 20H- (-,(,

0.01 1 8 mol
[
(,(..,]s (-,(..,
:sccsc-cacv c.e:
Important valuea, constants and standards
molar gee constant
n c 8 31 J K-' mo1'
te Faraday constant F 9.65 A 10' c mor'
the Avoadro constant
L 6.02 A 10n moi-'
the Planck cnstant
h : 6.63 A 1 0-1< J s
speed of light In a vacuum
c = 3.00 10 m s '
rest mass of proton, : H
mp
1 .67 x 1021 kg
rest mass of neutron, n
mn
: 1. 67 10"11 kg
rest mass of electron, .e
me
9. 1 1 A 1 o-l' kg
electronic charge
= -1 .60 x 1 0- c
molar volume of gas
Vm
22.4 am3 moi-' at s t p
a . ,
x = 3, y * 3, z = 3

l : 2, fl :
Vm
24 om3 mol"1 undt1 room cnditions
(were .,is expressed as 101 kPa, approximately, and 273 K (0 C))
tonic product or water
spcific heal cpacity of water
35
1 .00 A 1 0 " tnol dm-'
(al 298 K [25 CJ)
4. 1 8 kJ ko K1
(= 4. 1 8 J g K1)
&
I

Redox and Stoichiometry