CH Hunger

PFR STUDIES OF CHHUNGER CHAL HE PROJECT
CHAPTER I EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1.1 INTRODUCTION The Chhunger Chal Hydroelectric Project located in Pithoragarh district of Uttaranchal envisages utilization of the waters of the river Dhauliganga, a tributary of Kali (Sarda), for power generation on a run of river type development, harnessing a head of about 310 m.
The project with a proposed installation of 240 MW (2x120 MW) would afford an annual energy generation of 853.28 GWh in a 90% dependable year. The tariff from the project at present day cost would be Rs. 0.92/KWh (levellised). The diversion site is located at Latitude 30o 11 15 N; Longitude 80o 3430 E. The dam site is approachable from Tankapur by road at a distance of 265 kms upto Khela and 35 kms from Khela by Kuchha road. The nearest rail head is located at Tanakpur and nearest airport is located at Delhi. 1.2 SCOPE OF WORKS The Chhunger Chal HE project envisages construction of:
a 78 m high Concrete Gravity diversion dam across river Dhauliganga to provide a live storage of 1.49 M cum with FRL at 2780 m and MDDL at 2769 m;
two nos. desilting chambers of length 266 m (L) and size 12.5m (W) x 15 m (H) to remove silt particles of size 0.2 mm and above;
a 3.545 km long and 5.5 m dia head race tunnel terminating in a surge shaft
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a 81.0 m high 12 m dia surge shaft 400 m long, 4.6 m dia pressure shaft an underground power house having an installation of 2 Vertical Francis driven generating units of 120 MW each operating under a rated head of 292.83 m; and
147 m long tail race tunnel to carry the power house releases back to the river
The power of this project is intended to be evacuated by proposed 220 kV D/C line to newly proposed 400/220 kV substation at Didi hat. length of this line would be around 50 kms upto Didi hat. The total
1.3
HYDROLOGY The river Dhauliganga drains a catchment area of about 840 sq. km at the proposed dam site. The water availability for the project has been considered on the basis of 10 daily discharge series at Pancheswar dam site for the period 1962-92. The flow series for Chhunger Chal HE Project were derived by carrying out runoff-runoff correlation between concurrent flows at Chirkila & Pancheswar and subsequent reduction in proportion to the catchment area. The computed inflow series worked out has been utilized for Power Potential Studies. The design flood has been assessed as 4517.40 cumec.
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POWER POTENTIAL STUDIES The computed inflow series for 30 years viz 1962-63 to 1991-92 has been considered in the assessment of power benefits from the project. As per GOI notification for tariff the year 1976-77 corresponds to 90% dependable year. An installation of 240 MW comprising of 2 generating units of 120 MW has been proposed. The energy availability from the project in a 90% dependable and an average year has been summarized below: 1-2
Particulars Annual Energy Generation
90% Dependable Year
50% Dependable Year
Annual Energy Generation (GWh): 853.28 Annual Load Factor (%) : 40.59
987.95 46.99
Generation during Lean Flow Season (Dec.-Feb.) Energy output (MWc) Load Factor (%) 40.21 16.75
The design energy for tariff at 95% availability in a 90% dependable year has been worked out at 845.12 GWh. A live storage of 1.49 M cum has been provided in the diversion dam which would enable the station to operate as peaking station. The pondage is equivalent to 1089.46 MWh which is sufficient to operate the station for 4.54 hours. 1.5 POWER EVACUATION ASPECTS The power of this project is intended to be evacuated by proposed 220 kV D/C line to newly proposed 400/220 kV substation at Didi hat. length of this line would be around 50 kms upto Didi hat. 1.6 ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS The project is located in the remote area of Dhauliganga valley. The total land requirement for the construction of various components is 500 ha. Private land is 1.35 ha. Most of the land falls under the category of forest land. Based on assessment of environmental impacts, management plans have to be 1-3 The total
formulated for Catchment Area treatment, compensatory afforestation and other environmental issues. These issues would be addressed during the investigation for DPR. 1.7 ESTIMATES OF THE COST The project is estimated to cost Rs. 688.03 Crores including IDC at June, 2003 price levels. The preliminary cost estimate of the project has been prepared as per guidelines of CEA / CWC. The break down of the cost estimates is given below:
Civil Works
Rs. 366.20 Crores Rs. 213.22 Crores Rs. 579.42 Crores Rs. 108.61 Crores Rs. 688.03 Crores Rs. 37.50 Crores Rs. 725.53 Crores
Electro Mechanical Works : Sub total :
Interest During construction: Total (Generation) Transmission works Grand Total 1.8 FINANCIAL ASPECTS : : :
As indicated above, the Chhunger Chal HE project, with an estimated cost (Generation only) of Rs. 688.03 Crores (including IDC of Rs. 108.61 crores) and design energy of 845.12 GWh in a 90% dependable year is proposed to be completed in a period of 5 years and 9 months. The tariff has been worked out considering a debt-equity ratio of 70:30, 16% return on equity, annual interest rate on loan at 10%. The tariff for first year and levellised tariff (at power house bus bar) Rs. 0.92/kWh respectively. have been worked out as Rs. 1.13/ kWh &
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1.9
CONCLUSIONS Chhunger Chal HE project involves simple civil works and could be completed in 5 years and 9 months. The project would afford a design energy of 845.12 GWh in a 90% dependable year. The cost per MW installed work out Rs. 2.41 Crores. The Preliminary Feasibility Report indicates that the scheme merits consideration for taking up for Survey & Investigation and preparation of DPR.
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PFR STUDIES OF CHHUNGUR CHAL HE PROJECT
CHAPTER - II BACKGROUND INFORMATION
2.1
GENERAL In Nov.2000, Uttaranchal State was carved out of thirteen hill districts of Northern U.P. The state borders with Nepal and Tibet on the east, Central Himalayas on the north, Haryana and Himachal Pradesh on the west and northwest respectively. Geophysically the state has four Mountain Zones namely Foot hills, Lesser Himalayas, Greater Himalayas and Trans-Himalayas. The mountains are covered with perpetual snow and glaciers and has gifted the north India a perennial river system of the Ganga and its tributaries. The tributaries of Ganga, namely Alaknanda, Bhagirathi, Yamuna and Sarda originate from the foothills of snow capped peaks and glaciers in the Central Himalayas and incise their respective courses through the rugged terrain, splash and surge the steep gradients and most of the streams offer excellent potential for Hydro power development. The region is blessed with magnificent glaciers, majestic rivers, gigantic snow capped peaks, Valley of flowers natural beauty and rich flora and fauna. Many holy shrines have blessed the state spiritually and given the name of Dev Bhoomi or Land of Gods. The seasonal influx of tourists, the seekers of peace for visit to the holy shrines and lovers of nature contribute to the state income. The state is divided into Kumaon and Garhwal Divisions with 13 districts, 42 tehsils, 95 blocks, and 15689 inhabited villages and 73 towns. The State has a geographical area of 53, 119 sq. km which is 1.62% of the total area of the country and supports 84.8 lakh population which is 0.83% of 2-1
the total population of India.
The percentage of villages having population
more than 500 is about 11.4% (1991 Census). The existing majority of smaller settlements of Uttaranchal pose a serious challenge for economic infrastructure and lack of services to the far flung places in the hilly terrain makes Uttaranchal as one of the extremely backward states of India. It has 76.1% electrified villages as compared to 75.3% of villages of U.P. The average per capita consumption of electricity is 245.57 kWh whereas Dehradun and Nainital consume 480.81 and 447.33 kWh respectively with a minimum consumption of 43.7 kwh in Uttarkashi. 2.2 POWER SCENARIO IN NORTHERN REGION
2.2.1 Present Status Most of the states in the Northern Region have been experiencing energy shortage as well as shortage of Peak Power of varying degree. Actual Power supply position in the Northern Region during the year 2001-2002 has been as under: Energy (in MU), year 2001-2002 State Chandigarh Delhi Haryana Himachal Pradesh Jammu & Kashmir Punjab Rajasthan Uttaranchal-U.P Northern Region Requirement 1110 19350 18138 3293 6635 28780 24745 48332 150383 Availability 1108 18741 17839 3206 5899 27577 24495 43545 142410 Shortage(-)/ Surplus (+) (-) 2 (-)609 (-)299 (+) 87 (-) 736 (-)1203 (-)250 (-)4787 (-)7973 %age 0.2 3.1 1.6 2.6 11.1 4.2 1.0 9.9 5.3
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2.2.2 Peak Power (in MW), year 2001-2002 State Chandigarh Delhi Haryana Himachal Pradesh Jammu & Kashmir Punjab Rajasthan Uttaranchal-U.P Northern Region Peak Demand 180 3118 3000 562 1209 5420 3700 7584 24773 180 2879 2900 562 999 4936 3657 6887 23000 Peak Met Shortage(-)/ Surplus (+) 0 (-)239 (-)100 0 (-) 210 (-)484 (-)43 (-)607 (-)1773 0.0 7.7 1.6 0.0 17.4 8.9 1.2 9.2 7.2 %age
2.3
NECESSITY OF HYDRO POWER DEVELOPMENT IN UTTARANCHAL
2.3.1 Hydro and Thermal Power Mix The main resources for generating electricity are by utilising the hydro
potential available along the river drops besides the use of fossil fuel. Presently the ratio of thermal generation and Hydro-electric generation in Uttaranchal Power grid, is quite disproportionate. With the diminishing coal resources and difficult oil position all over the world, it is necessary that electric generation be aimed to achieve the economic balance of 40:60 between the hydro and thermal generation of power, as against the existing 25:75 ratio. 2.4 BRIDGING THE GAP OF HYDRO POWER GENERATION The requirement of power in Uttranchal is very fluctuating because of many seasonal and other similar demands of industries. To improve the share of 2-3
hydro-power generation it is essential to develop the hydroelectric power potential of state which is about 15110 MW, of which so far only 8% has been developed. The existing installed generating capacity in the State is about 1286
MW ( 2003 fig) and the entire capacity is from hydro generation. There is no thermal power generation in the state . The major hydro power stations under construction in the state are (i) Maneri Bhali, Stage-II (304 MW), (ii) Lakhawar Vyasi, Stage-I (300 MW), (iii) Lakhwari Vyasi, Stage-II (120 MW), (iv) Srinagar H.E. Project (330 MW), (v) Vishnuprayag Scheme (400 MW), (vi) Tehri Dam Project, Stage-I (1000 MW), (vii) Tehri Dam Project, Stage-II (1000 MW), (viii) Koteshwar Dam Project (400 MW), and (ix) Dhauliganga H.E. Project, Stage-I (280 MW). With the rising hydro power generation and improving efficiencies in
distribution of electricity, Uttaranchal hopes to offer energy at stable prices for eco-friendly industrial development. Though the state is more or less sufficient in its energy generation to meet its own requirement, there is an urgent need to develop its huge untapped hydro power potential in an early and efficient manner, manage efficiently the hydro generation capacity of existing power stations and to develop and promote new Hydro projects with the purpose of harnessing hydropower resources in the state for economic well being and growth of the people in the whole region. In order to meet the load demand satisfactorily, it is considered essential to maintain a minimum gross margin of about 30 per cent over the projected peak demand while planning for expansion of power supply facilities. To bridge the gap between the demand for power and the availability of power, some of the major hydro-electric schemes identified in Ganga Valley for development are indicated below :
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i ii iii iv v vi vii
Tapovan MW) Bowala MW)
Vishnugad Nandprayag
(360 viii (132 ix x xi xii xiii
Karanprayag Dam (252 MW) Lata Tapovan (108 MW) Vishnugad Pipalkoti (340 MW) Pancheshwar Dam Chamgad Dam (400 MW) Dhauliganga, Stage-II
Kishau Dam (600 MW) Pala Maneri (416 MW) Loharinag Pala (520 MW) Koth Bhel (1000 MW) Utyasu Dam (1000 MW)
2.5
PRESENT STUDIES
2.5.1 With a view to prioritize the large number of identified schemes to harness vast untapped hydro resources in the order of their attractiveness for implementation, Ranking studies were carried out by CEA. Subsequently, after consultation process initiated by Ministry of Power with various state agencies, CPSUs etc., it was considered appropriate that Preliminary Feasibility Report (PFRs) of selected hydroelectric projects be taken up so that feasibility of the schemes considered in ranking studies could be established. 2.5.2 In order to achieve the above objective the present preliminary feasibility stage report presents the Chhunger Chal H.E. Project located in Pithoragarh District, as detailed in the subsequent Chapters. 2.5.3 In view of the power scenario described above, the envisaged Chhunger Chal H.E. Project with an installed capacity of 240 MW with help a long way in meeting the projected power demand.
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CHAPTER-III PROJECT AREA

3.0 3.1 DHAULIGANGA RIVER BASIN Dhauliganga river is the northernmost right bank tributary of river Kali and lies entirely in the Pithoragarh district of Uttranchal state of India. The Dhauliganga basin is bounded between latitude 290 55' - 30 longitude 80 15' - 80
0 0 0
35' N and
45' E. This is a glacial and snowfed river and
originates in the Lesser Himalayas from snow peaks at an elevation of 5,160 m and flows down as a small stream in a narrow valley, generally in NE SE direction over a length of 85 km before joining the Kali river at an elevation of approximate 1100.0 m. The average bed slope of the Dhauliganga river is approximately 1 in 20 and can be termed as a fast flowing ferocious river. The river valley is located in high mountain ranges on both banks over most of its stretch. The river brings down a considerable amount of sediment load particularly during snow-melt and flood season. 3.2 PROPOSED BASIN DEVELOPMENT
3.2.1 Currently under Execution The available drop of about 2000 m from Bokang to the confluence of Dhauliganga with Kali river was noticed and was under study by the UP Irrigation Department since 1970 for utilsiation of its hydroelectric potential. A proposal utilizing the combined flows of Dhauliganga and Goriganga was considered to generate 900 MW through an underground power stations and later shelved on geotechnical considerations. Subsequently the development of 2000 m drop in Dhauliganga was instead envisaged in a cascade development comprising 5 stages and some preliminary studies were done by UP Government for Dhauliganga Relagad scheme, now called Stage I by
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NHPC. This scheme is under execution by NHPC with a diversion dam near Chirkila village having an FRL at EL 1345.0 m. This following are the main details of this project: 1 2 3 4 5 6 Reservoir level TWL Gross storage Dam height Type of dam River bed level Installed capacity Energy Generation (a) in 90% dependable year (b) in 50% dependable year 1,187 Gwh 1, 354 Gwh EL 1345.0 m EL 1034.1 m 6.2 M Cum 56.0 m Rock fill EL 1301.0 m 4 x 65 MW
3.2.2 Future Development The toposheets prepared by survey of India reveal that there is tremendous scope of harnessing the hydro power potential available in upstream of Dhauliganga Stage I HE project, under execution by NHPC, Central Electricity Authority on their preliminary assessment in the Ranking and as per WAPCOS investigation and studies: studies have identified the following projects with the FRLs & TWLs proposed by them
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S. No.
Name of Scheme
As per CEA FRL (m) TWL (m) 2840 2480 2200 1620 1480
As FRL (m) 3280 2780 2470 N.A. Dropped 1597.0
per
WAPCOS TWL (m) 2780 2470 2200 N.A. because 1330.0 of
investigation
1 2 3 4 5 6
Bokang Bailing Chhunger Chal Sela Urthing Urthing Sobala Sobala-Jhumrigaon Dhauliganga StageII
3200 2800 2480 2200 1620
Dhauliganga Stage II.
CEA has awarded the preparation of pre-feasibility Reports for schemes at Sl. No. 1 to 5. downstream. 3.3 DESCRIPTION OF CHHUNGER CHAL H.E. PROJECT Chhunger Chal H.E. Project upstream of the proposed Sela Urthing H.E. Project will harness the hydro-power potential of the river between EL 2780 m and EL 2470.0 m. The project envisages the construction of a concrete gravity dam overflow spillway with Sobala Jhumrigaon (Sl. No. 5) has been dropped in consultation with CEA because of the proposed Dhauliganga Stage II
just downstream of confluence of Horba Yankti with
Dhauliganga river with FRL at +2780.0 m. This spillway is designed to pass a maximum flood of 4517.40 cumecs. Two intakes having total capacity of 114.00 m3/s, are proposed on the right bank of river. The trash rack of the intake after 50% clogging is designed to restrict the inflow at a maximum velocity of 0.75 m/s. The inflow through the intake is controlled by an intake
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gate of size 4.0 m x 4.0 m. The inflow into each individual intake tunnel of 4.0 m dia
intake is collected by
and is led to respective desilting
chamber which is designed to flush out all silt particles of 0.20 mm size and above. A control gate shaft is proposed at the end of the desilting chamber for purposes of desilting the chamber, when required. The desilting chamber is provided with silt flushing gate, so that silt laden water can be flushed out to a silt flushing tunnel (steel lined to withstand erosion) which brings the silt laden waters back to the river downstream of diversion structure. The silt-free waters from the desilting chamber is led to a 3.545 Km long 5.5 m dia horse-shoe shaped Head Race tunnel. Since the length of water conductor is more than 5 times the head, a surge shaft is proposed in this scheme and the flow is then fed into a pressure shaft of 4.6 m dia (steel lined) which bifurcates near the underground power house to feed 2 x 120 MW Francis turbines. The underground power house complex consists of 2 separate caverns, one for the generating units and another for the transformers etc. Both the caverns are inter-connected by bus bar tunnels and a tunnel for repair of transformer. The power house cavern will have an installed capacity of 2 x 120 MW vertical Francis turbines. transformers and GIS system. The transformer cavern will house A cable cum ventilation tunnel has been
proposed for connection to a small out door switchyard. The power house and transformer cavern will be approached from a road proposed outside by means of a common 7.0 m dia D-shaped main access tunnel. The draft tube tunnels at the bottom of power house will merge into a manifold which will have a 5.5 m dia D-shaped tailrace tunnel. The draft tube gates will be operated by a hoisting arrangement provided in the transformer cavern. The detailed description of the project features are given in Chapter-VI.
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3.4
SOCIO ECONOMIC PROFILE The entire region has undulating topography with lofty mountains jutting out that create a rugged terrain with steep valleys. The geology, soil texture and climate are highly variable including the habitation pattern. It has sparse and scanty population, small sized villages, scattered on the hilly landscape. Out migration of able bodied persons is common. Subsistence level agriculture based economy mostly prevails with marginal holdings. The infrastructural development becomes very costly in such terrain. Pithoragarh District has an area of 17.3% and supports 9.55% population as compared to the state. The density of population is about 64 persons per sq.km as against 116 persons per sq.km of the state. The literacy rate both among males and females is lowest in the district standing at 59.0% and 38.37% as against the state average of 59.6% and 42.9% respectively. The population of schedule castes is about 20.45% against state average of 16.7%. The main work force, about 75%, is engaged in primary and secondary sectors and the balance in allied sectors. As regards land use pattern about 70% of land is under forest and barren lands. About 64% of the inhabited villages are connected with road and the remaining villages suffer because of remoteness and higher altitudes. As regard rural electrification, Uttaranchal has 76.1% electrified villages and the per capita consumption of electricity of the state is about 245.6 kwh per annum. However, Almora and Nainital have much higher consumption.
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CHAPTER-IV TOPOGRAPHIC AND GEOTECHNICAL ASPECTS
4.1
INTRODUCTION The proposed Chhunger Chal hydro-electric project on Dhauliganga river ( Lat. 300 11 15 N ; Long. 800 34 30 E) envisages construction of a 78 m high concrete gravity dam downstream of the confluence of Horba Yankti with Dhauliganga and about 1.3 km upstream of Chal village situated on the right bank of the river. An underground capacity of 240 MW(2 x 120 MW) power house with an installed is located inside the right bank hill
about 1 km upstream of Sela village. The other main components of the project include a 3.545 Km long HRT, a Surge Shaft and a pressure shaft etc. 4.2 PHYSIOGRAPHY The area around the project is located in the inner part of lesser Himnalayas and outer part of Great Central Himalayas. It represents an extremely rugged topography with very high relief. The area is drained river Dhauliganga which itself is a tributary of Kali river. 4.3 RAINFALL AND CLIMATE NHPC has established three raingauge sites at Chirkila, at Nyu and at Dugtu which are functioning since early eighties. Apart from this, IMD has also established rainauge stations at Tijjam (Almora), Askote (Pithoragarh), Dharchula and Munsyari. by a number of streams (gads / Yanktis) which are tributaries of south-southeasterly flowing
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Munsyari is the nearest rainage station to the project area. The rainfall data at Munsyari (El 2100.0 m) indicates that main months of rainy season are July, August and September. The total monthly precipitation/rainfall data of the years 19867-1988 for Munsyari raingauge station below:Total Monthly Rainfall/Precipitation in mm
Year 1986 1987 1988 Jan NA 52.6 35.6 Feb NA 35.0 164.8 March NA 5.3 307.0 April NA 70.8 51.6 May NA 173.8 NA June 153.0 87.2 384.2 July 566.0 751.6 NA Aug. 618.0 858.8 807.6 Sept. 239.4 278.8 268.0 Oct. 110.3 65.0 NA Nov. 16.1 0.0 32.4 Dec. 10.2 55.2 148.0
is given
The area witnesses cold temperate climate during summer and the winters are cold with occasional snow falls in the project area. 4.4 REGIONAL GEOLOGICAL SETUP The rocks occuring at and in the vicinity of the proposed dam site are are included in the Central
porphyroblastic gneisses and schists which
Himalayan Crystalline. The region is bounded by two major planes of dislocations, the Main Central Thrust in the south while the Dar Martoli Fault marks its northern limit with the rocks of the Tethyan Zone. The Main Central Thrust is an important structural discontinuity in the area which separates the rocks of the Garhwal group from those of central crystalline group comprising of porphyroblastic augen gneiss, chlorite mica schist and phyllitic quartzite. The Main Central Thrust dips at a moderately high angle towards North and crosses the Goriganga river about 10 Kms upstream of Jauljibi.
4-2
The
Dar Martoli Fault demarcates
the
boundary
between
Central
Himalayan Crystallines and rocks of Tethyan Zone i.e. Budhi schists etc. The regional trend of the fault is WNW ESE with high angle dip towards North and is located far away from the project area. 4.5 GEO-TECHNICAL APPRAISAL
4.5.1 General The geologic map of the area shows that the proposed project site is located in the area which exposes the rocks belonging to Bogudiyar formation and the lower and Middle Members of Dar Formation. These comprise garnetiferous, sillimainte and kyanite bearing schists, quartzite and various types of gneisses. These rocks trend in WNN-ESE in general with moderate dips towards north. The rocks are highly deformed and are folded and faulted. The geological map of the Project Area is given at Plate I. 4.5.2 Geology at Dam Site The site is proposed diversion structure is located across Goriganga near Mapang village. The area exposes 3f Member of Bogudiyar Formation. The rocks include garnetiferous mica schist, biotite schist, slate, quartzite and phyllite. The over burden in the river is expected to be thick and needs to be ascertained during detailed investigations. 4.5.3 Geology along Water Conductor System Approximately 4.0 Km long water conductor system comprising intake tunnel, desilting basin, HRT and Surge Shaft is proposed to be located on left bank of Goriganga. The proposed headrace tunnel is expected to encounter high grade metamorphic rocks belonging to members 3f, 3e, 3d and 3c and the rocks belonging to Middle and Lower Members of Dar formation. These rocks 4-3
include biotite schist, gneisses, micaceous quartzite,
calsilicate rock with
bands of biotite schist and gneisses, quartzite with igneous intrusions, quartzite, gneisses, biotite gneisses, (kyanite bearing) with bands of micaceous quartzite. These rocks are traversed by ENE-WSW to E-W trending fault likely to be intersected by the proposed HRT alignment. The tunneling conditions are expected to be fair to good in general except for reaches where shear/fault zones are encountered. Adequate rock cover has to be ensured at drainage crossings. The surge shaft and pressure shaft will also pass through the similar strata except that near the top the surge shaft may open up in weak and disintegerated rock strata. Similarly the tailrace tunnel near the outlet may encounter distintegerated rocks. 4.5.4 Geology at Underground Power House Site The underground power house is located sufficiently inside the left bank where, like water conductor system, rocks to be encountered are biotite schist, gneisses, micaceous quartzite, calsilicate rock with bands of biotite schist and gneisses, quartzite with igneous intrusions belonging to member 3c of Bogudiyar formation. 4.6 SEISMICITY OF THE AREA The area encompassed by the project falls in Zone V of the Seismic Zoning Map of India (IS : 1893 1984 ). Clusters of epicentres of medium to shallow earthquakes with magnitudes ranging between 5 and 6.5 are shown on the map of India (Appendix A of the Indian Standard mentioned above) in and around the proposed project area. This fact points towards a high incidence of the seismic activity in the area.
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The Bajang (Nepal)- Dharchula earthquake (M = 6.1), which occurred on 29th July 1980 had its epicentral tract in Dharchula area. A maximum intensity of VIII was assigned to the earthquake. Therefore, a suitable seismic factor would have to be adopted for designing the structures in the area. 4.7 CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL The river bed material may be sorted, crushed and utilised for construction purposes. In addition, the excavated rocks from underground works may be tested and used for construction. No clay or impervious materials are available for a rock fill type dam having impervious core. 4.8 LUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS i) The augen ii) rocks exposed at the proposed dam site are porphyroblastic gneisses and chlorite schist belonging to Central
Himalayan Crystalline group. The overburden in the river section at site will have to be ascertained with the help of geophysical surveys and further confirmed by drilling during DPR stage. iii) Large scale control plans shall have to be prepared for taking up the detailed geological mapping of the proposed suggesting sub-surface explorations stage. iv) v) The project area falls in Zone V of the seismic zoning map of India, hence suitable seismic factor will have to be provided in the design. Preliminary geological assessment indicates that the geotechnical setup at the various structures of the project are suitable for the project planned and no adverse problems are expected during construction. sites and for at the detailed project report
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CHAPTER V HYDROLOGY
5.1
WATER AVAILABILITY STUDIES
5.1.1 Catchment Area and River The proposed Chhunger Chal dam site is located on the river Dhauliganga which is located in Sarda Basin. The catchment is about catchment area contains several glaciers and permanent ice caps and the seasonal snow cover area in the 305.25 sq. km. The total catchment area of the river 840 sq. km. The catchment area map of Mahakali upto Chhunger Chal is
Chhunger Chal is shown as Plate-5.1 The elevation in the catchment ranges from 6000 m in the upper reaches to around 2700 m near the dam site. 5.1.2 Data Availability (a) Rainfall There are no Raingauge / G & D stations established on the Mahakali river The rainfall data in the Dhauliganga basin has been measured at three raingauge stations by NHPC as given under in Table 5.1.
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Table 5.1 Daily Rainfall data availability Sl. No. 1 2 Chirkila Nyu June 83 to Dec. 2002 with gaps Jun.. 74 to Aug 80, Jan 84 to May 89, July 89 to Dec 96, Jan 1999 to Dec 2002 with gaps. Name of rainguage station Duration
Jan 77 to Dec91 with several gaps The average annual basin rainfall is estimated as 2500 mm. Due to 3 Dugtu intermittently missing rainfall data and its non-availability for later years it has not been possible to use the same for water availability studies in the present studies. (b) Gauge and Discharge Data The discharge data observed by NHPC, CWC is available at three G & D sites. The details are presented in Table-. 5.2 below: Table 5.2 Gauge and Discharge data Sl. No. 1 2 3 Chirkila Nyu Tawaghat Jan 85 to Dec 96, May.. 97 2000, Oct 2000 to Jan 2001 Dec 1998 to Dec. 2002 Jan 1977 to Dec. 1996 to Aug G & D Site Data availability
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(c)
Sediment Data The sediment data at Chirkila G & D site is available for the period Jan 1985 to Dec. 1996, Jan 1997 to Apr. 98 & Nov98 to Dec. 2002
5.1.3 Methodology The Mean Monthly flows of river Mahakali at Pancheswar (CA 12100 sq. km.) are available for the period 1962 1992 (31 years). The G&D data observed by CWC at Tawaghat (C. A : 1372 Km) -which is 5.5 Km downstream of Chirkila ( C.A: 1360 Km ) is available from 1977 to 1984. This series is transposed to Chirkila site (located on Dhauliganga river, which is adjacent to Maha Kali) in proportion to catchment area. In the absence of site specific flow data this 10-daily series at Chirkila has been used as base data for extension of data series on catchment area proportion basis. Hence using Pancheswar runoff data as base, the flows series for Chirkila is extended by trying both linear and non linear runoff runoff correlation on monthly basis. The regression equations are developed between Pancheswar runoff series and Chirkila runoff series for concurrent 8 years flow data for the period 1977-84. Three different correlations between the monthly flows have been established for three distinct periods of the year as shown below keeping view of the predominant factor generating the runoff. Finally these generated series are transposed to Chhunger Chal (C.A 840 Km2) on area proportion basis. The Pancheswar and Chirkila monthly flow series are detailed in the Hydrology report Vol -III. (a) (b) (c) Monsoon period (June to September) (Rainfall being causative factor for generation of runoff). Non monsoon period (October to February) (Normal post monsoon depletion of runoff). Snowmelt period (March to May) 5-3
(Snow melt phenomenon being causative factor of generation of runoff). The correlation equations for the above mentioned periods for Chhunger Chal are as follows: (a) Monsoon Period (June to September) (i) Non linear correlation equation y = 5.3862 x 0.4713 (r = 0.824) x = Monthly runoff in Cumecs for monsoon month at Pancheswar y = Monthly runoff in Cumecs at Chirkila r = correlation coefficient (b) Non monsoon period (October to February) (i) (c) Non linear correlation equation y = 0.5345x 0.7476 (y = 0.84) Snowmelt Period (March to May) (i) Linear correlation equation y = 0.195x - 1.804 (r = 0.889) x = Monthly runoff for snow melt period in Cumecs Pancheswar. y = Monthly runoff for snowmelt period in Cumecs at Chirkila. The above relationships has been adopted for extension of Chirkila runoff series for the respective periods from 1962 1976 & 1985 to 5-4 at
1992. Thus a long term flow series from 1962 1992 at Chirkila has been established. The ratios between 10-daily flows & corresponding monthly flows have been calculated . Accordingly, the monthly flow series for the extended periods have been converted to 10-daily flow series.(calculation details given in Hydrology report Vol III). The 10 daily flow series at Chirkila has been transposed to Changer Chal in proportion of catchment area. The integrated 10-daily flow series along with 50% and 90% dependable year has been presented in Table 5.3 and have been adopted for planning purpose. The 90% and 50% dependable year correspond to 1967 and 1991 respectively. 5.1.4 Comparison of flow data between Tawaghat & Chirkila Central Water Commission is maintaining G & D site on Dhauliganga river at Tawaghat very close to Chirkila. A comparative statement of annual flows has been prepared from 1981 to 1992 between the flows at Chirkila from NHPC data and flows at Tawaghat with CWC data (ref. Hydrology Report Vol III). It is observed that the annual observed flows of Tawaghat site downstream of Chirkila based on CWC data are generally on the higher side. Therefore, the flow series evolved based on NHPC data is on conservative side and appears reasonable to be adopted for planning purpose.
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5.2
DESIGN FLOOD STUDIES
5.2.1 General The design flood and highest flood level are very much essential for fixing the water way and foundation depths of any hydraulic structure. For a diversion structure, 100-year design flood or standard project flood value is considered for hydraulic design and for storage projects, probable maximum flood or 1000 year return period flood should be considered based on following methods. (i) (ii) Hydro-meteorological approach (unit hydrograph method). Flood frequency analysis.
5.2.2 Derivation of Unit Hydrograph CWC in association with IMD and MOST has prepared Flood Estimation Reports for small and medium catchments for efficient hydro meteorological homogenous sub-zones. The present studies are based on CWCs Flood Estimation Report for Western Himalayas Zone 7 The formulae for calculation of various physiographic parameters are given in Table 5.4.
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Table 5.4 Physiographic Parameter Calculations Parameters tp qp W50 W75 WR50 WR75 TB QP Where Tm = t p + Formulae
L.L c 2.498 S 0.178 1.048 (t p )
L.L c 1.954 S
0.156
Value 4.132 hrs. 0.81 cumec/sq. km. 2.68 hrs. 1.45 hrs. 1.087 hrs. 0.66 hrs. 14.92 hrs. 435.35cumecs hrs.
0.099
L.L c 0.972 S 1.769 0.189 (W50 )

0.419 (W75 ) 7.845 t p qp.A
1.246
0.124
( )
0.453
1 tr = 4.13 + = 4.63 2 2
The nomenclatures of the above parameters are the standard representation of the values and detailed in Hydrology Report Vol.-III. For the present study with a total catchment area of 840 sq. km, an area of 534.75 sq. km. is considered for the study as 305.25 sq. km. of the catchment area is under snow and glacier cover (above 5000 m). The total length of Mahakali river upto Chhunger Chal is 51.74 km. For the catchment of Chhunger Chal, the value of Lc is 22.78 km. The equivalent slope of the project area is 1 in 47. 5.2.3 Design Storm a) Design Storm Depth The 1-day probable maximum precipitation (PMP) value of Goriganga sub-basin is adopted as 33.41 cm. As the Project area is situated in adjacent basin and no other relevant data is
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available, the same point value has been adopted for the present study purpose. The 25 year, 50 year and 100 return period precipitation values (12cm, 14 cm & 15 cm respectively) are adopted from the Isohyetal Maps. b) Design Storm Duration The base period is of 15 hours, hence one day design storm is considered. c) Point to Areal Rainfall Ratios For 25 year, 50 year and 100 year return period precipitation an areal reduction factor of 0.9113 corresponding to rainfed CA of 534.75 sq. km. is adopted The PMP value of 33.41 cm considered for the study is an point value. d) Clock Hour Correction A clock hour correction value of 1.15 is adopted for PMF study for converting 1 day rainfall to 24 hr rainfall. However the increase in one day value is limited to 50 mm. e) Time Distribution Coefficients The Time Distribution Coefficients for 24 hours is given below: Table 5.5 Distribution Coefficients Time in hours 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Distribution coefficient 0.17 0.27 0.36 0.43 0.48 0.53 0.58 0.63 0.67 0.70 0.73 0.76 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Time in hours Distribution coefficient 0.79 0.82 0.84 0.86 0.88 0.90 0.92 0.94 0.96 0.98 0.99 1.00
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f) g)
Design Loss Rate A design loss rate of 0.5 cm/hr. has been adopted. Design Base Flow and Glacial Melt A base flow rate of 0.05 cumecs / sq. km. has been adopted. In addition a glacier melt runoff value of 50 cumecs has also been considered tentatively, keeping view of existing number of glaciers at the upper catchment boundary.
h)
Critical Sequence of Rainfall Excess The critical sequence of rainfall excesses are based on rainfall increments into design hyetograph arranged in the form of two bell (12 hours each per day).
5.2.4 Computation of Unit Hydrograph Using the basic physiographic parameters, the unit hydrograph is plotted and volume adjusted to 1 cm. With out changing the QP, Tm and TB . The surface flow total flood hydrograph has been computed after the rainfall excess increment arranged in a critical sequence along with additional component of base flow and glacier melt. The detailed calculations showing computation of equivalent slope,
physiographic parameters, rainfall excess, convolution and the flood ordinates for PMP, 100 year, 50 year and 25 year return period for Chhunger Chal are given in the Hydrology Report Volume-III. A PMF value of 4517.40 cumec has been adopted for purpose of preliminary project planning. The hydrograph showing peak flood for PMF, 100 year, 50 year and 25 year floods is given in Table 5.6 and also presented in Plate 5.2.
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Table 5.6 Chhungar Chal - Flood Ordinates Return period 25 year 50 year 100 year 1000 year PMF Design flood peak in cumecs 972.66 1235.72 1368.47 4400.00 4517.39 Remarks
Projected from 25 year, 50 year & 100 year flood peaks using Gumbel probability papers.
5.3
FLOOD FREQUENCY ANALYSIS Flood frequency analysis provides a quick estimate of the design flood and is also useful for checking the design flood values computed by other methods. It is carried out in two methods viz The Annual Maximum method and the Peak over Threshold (POT) method (also known as partial duration method). The long term annual instantaneous peak flow series at project site is not available. As such the 32-year annual peak discharge series of Pancheswar dam site has been used for frequency analysis. The results obtained will be transposed to Chhunger Chal site with due correlation for the variation of catchment size. The available data will be subjected to randomness clock stationary test, outlier test. Extreme value distribution also known as Gumbel distribution and Log Pearson Type III distribution are used for the present study. Chi square test for LPT-III distribution and Gumbel distribution is used to test the goodness of fit. The calculations and conclusions are in the Hydrology Report Vol.-II. As shown in the calculations, the Gumbels distribution is found to be better fit for the flow series. The final results of various return period floods estimated at
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Pancheswar are transposed to Garjia dam site using Dickens formula Q = CA

3/4
. The 10,000 year flood value for Pancheswar is 15041.36. Using this be 2034.26
relation, the 10000 year flood at Chhunger Chal is found to cumecs. 5.4 RESERVOIR SEDIMENTATION STUDIES
5.4.1 General The suspended sediment inflow data is available at Chirkila G&D site near project site from January '1985 to 15 December '1996 observed by M/s NHPC. The observations have been taken by Punjab Type Bottle Sampler with grain size classification of coarse (greater than 0.2 mm), medium (0.025 mm to 0.2 mm) and fine (less than 0.075 mm). The bed gradient of river (Maha kali) Dhauli ganga is steep ( 1in 47 upto project site) and the river is also fed from mountaineous catchment with a number of glaciers which bring down considerable sediment load during snow melt and flood season. There is no Sediment data available for river Mahakali. Hence the Sediment Data of adjacent Dhauliganga and Goriganga basins have been taken into account for computing sediment inflow rate. The sediment inflow estimate for Dhauliganga catchment (which is based on 10 years of data ) is 0.14 ha m / 100 sq. km. / year including 15% bed load which was agreed upon by CWC while clearing Dhauliganga reservoir sedimentation studies. This estimate is comparable with adjacent Goriganga basin sediment inflow of 0.15 ha-m/100 sq.km/year. The sediment rate considered for Pancheswar Multipurpose Project (CA 12100 sq. km.) is 2.36 mm/hr which is based on six years of Indian observation & 4 years of Nepalese observation. The rate included 20% bed load. The observations by Indian & Nepalese team show marked difference. The silt rate recommended by Department of Science &
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Technology is 1.65 mm/year for Himalayan rivers. As such the silt rate of Pancheswar appears higher and more emphasis should be given towards project specific observation data. Since the above average annual rates are based on comparative shorter time horizon an additional load of 15% is added for the adopted silt rate as to make the silt rate representing a long time average. Hence a silt rate of 0.1725 ha-m / 100 sq. km./year (0.15 x 1.15) has been sedimentation studies of Chhunger Chal Barrage. 5.4.2 Sedimentation Aspects It is observed from the topo sheets that both Dhauliganga and Kali the catchments contain number of glaciers in the upper reaches at higher elevation in beyond the proposed scheme Bokang Bailing. There are few reserved forests, dense mixed jungles of tansen , banj, deodar etc. open scrubs, rockfall sites and moraine deposits carried by glaciers at relatively lower stages near its confluence with the Kali. Major catchment area contains bare rocks with little or no soil cover. The average annual sediment rate for Chhunger Chal has been estimated to be 1.725 mm based on observed sediment data of Goriganga at Tham for 5 years and of Dhauliganga at Chirkila for 10 years. The break up of suspended sediment particles for the month of August 1988 (severe monsoon month) based on observed data at Chirkila on the Dhauliganga is coarse 24.76%, medium 17.37% and fine 57.89%. It is important to note that many Himalayan streams carry heavy sediment loads. As such, planning of the project with a long feasible service time of say 70 years may become difficult. For Hydro electric project it is possible to repay the development cost in a few years and the projects can be planned effectively for relatively shorter period. For diversion structures across the rivers, the nominal storage available between the barrage crest level and the adopted for
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river bed level is expected to be fully encroached by the rolling bed load of pebbles, boulders etc. within one or two years and the entire rolling bed load would pass over the crest. This warrants proper protection measures against the damage of downstream glacis. 5.5 (1) CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION The 10-daily flow series of 31 years developed and extended tentatively on the basis of runoff-runoff correlation with Pancheswar flows may be adopted for preliminary project planning. However, the flow series need to be reviewed when site specific observed flow series of longer periods would become available from the observation agencies. Continuation of all hydrometeorological observation in the existing stations may be assured and identification of new station may be under taken at DPR stage. A gauge, discharge and silt observation site at/near Chhunger Chal barrage site should be immediately installed on scientific basis. (2) It is suggested that short interval rainfall-runoff observation should be initiated at the project site to enable derivation of reliable unit hydrograph from observed data. Similarly detailed storm studies are needed to be carried out preferably by IMD in order to obtain reliable estimate of PMS at highly orographic catchment with snow & glacier covers.
(3)
The sediment rate adopted is based on observed suspended sediment data at

Dhauliganga and neighbouring Goriganga rivers for about 10 years only. The bed load assumed to be 15% of suspended load is quite tentative. Therefore, the sediment rate needs to be revised with updated observed data of longer period. The contribution of bed load may be more precisely assessed according to concentration of suspended load, type of materials forming channel of the stream, texture of suspended material etc.
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5.6
OBSERVATIONS OF CWC The draft report of this project was submitted to CEA for perusal during October 03. The observations received from CWC on the Hydrological studies of this project and the replies for above observations, submitted by WAPCOS are enclosed as Appendices 1.1 and 1.2 respectively.
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CHAPTER-VI CONCEPTUAL LAYOUT AND PLANNING
6.1
INTRODUCTION The Chhunger Chal HE project is the second uppermost scheme in the cascade development of Dhauliganga basin. This project is proposed downstream of the proposed Bokang Bailing HE Project. The Chhunger Chal hydro-electric project as planned envisages construction of a 78 m high concrete gravity dam above the deepest foundation level across the river Dhauliganga, downstream of confluence of Horba Yankti with Dhauliganga river and about 1.3 km upstream of Chal village. The water from the diversion dam will be led to an underground power house located about 5 km downstream of dam site inside the right bank hills, through a 3.545 km long head race tunnel, and a pressure shaft. The power house is planned to have an installed capacity of 240 MW (2 x 120 MW) utilising a rated head of 292.83 m. The tail waters from the power house will rejoin the river Dhauliganga through a tail race tunnel. Central Electricity Authority in its planning for this project had envisaged a diversion structure near Chhunger with FRL at 2800m, a 4 km long power tunnel aligned on the right bank of the river with Power house located near Chal with TWL 2480m. After detailed studies, a dam site downstream of the confluence of Horba Yankti and about 1.3 km upstream of village Chal has been selected where the river bed level is at about EL 2720 m. The river flows in a narrow gorge of 50to 60 m width with competent rocks both for the dam and abutment foundations within 10-15 m depth of overburden. The site is quite suitable for a gravity dam.
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The intake and a 3.545 km long HRT are planned on the right flank of the river and the underground power house inside the right flank hill. The minimum TWL at the power house is 2470 m which corresponds to FRL of the planned sela Urthing H.E. project. With the above changes in the location of dam, power house, TRT etc. and the layout of the scheme including dam height, tail race and other features; the potential of the project has been enhanced to 240 MW as against 145 MW suggested by CEA. The location of the dam and its height have been finalised considering optimum power generation, topographical and geotechnical features, already planned projects on the upstream and downstream, economy, submergence and other relevant factors. The site is considered ideally suited for the construction of a concrete gravity dam. Embankment type of dam was not considered in view of non-availability of impervious materials and spillway considerations. The dam is 192 m long at the top and consists of overflow and non-overflow blocks. The overflow blocks are designed as ogee control structures with a crest level of 2759m and 21 m high radial gates. The FRL and MWL of the dam are at EL 2780m and the top of dam is kept at EL 2783 m after allowing for necessary freeboard. The MDDL is kept at EL 2769 m which will provide the required peaking storage against the gates during the lean months and also meet the requirement of power intake. The intake, HRT, surge shaft and pressure shaft are located in suitable rocks, and are not likely to pose any construction problems. The underground power house located inside the right bank hill is also having good rock conditions for excavation of the caverns.
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The salient features of the project are included in the report. The details of the major components of the project alongwith the design considerations are given in subsequent paragraphs. 6.2 DIVERSION STRUCTURE A 78 m high (above deepest foundation level) concrete gravity dam is proposed downstream of the confluence of Horba Yankti with Dhauliganga and 1.3 km upstream of village Chal on Dhauliganga river. The dam is proposed at latitude 30o 1115 N and longitude 80o 3430 E. The concrete dam will have FRL of 2780 m and MDDL of 2769 m. The MWL of the dam is 2780m and the top of the dam is kept at EL 2783 m after taking into account the required freeboard. The proposed dam will have a submergence area of 1,32,000 sq. m at FRL (Refer Annexure-6.1) and all this area will be within the river gorge. The reservoir storage for peaking purposes in the lean season between MDDL and FRL is 1.49 M. Cum (Refer Annexure 6.2). Overflow type of spillway blocks, two in number, with ogee control structures have been planned to pass the design flood discharge of 4517.40 cumec. For the spillway, ski jump bucket energy dissipators have been planned as terminal structures with concrete apron protection beyond spillway bucket. The dam will have seven number NOF blocks and two number overflow blocks. The pier width for the spillways has been kept as 5 m. The choice of ski jump energy dissipation works for this dam has been dictated by the tail water conditions. As the river gradient is quite steep, stilling basin energy dissipation works have not been found economical. The spillway bays are provided with 21 m high radial gates. The foundation rocks both at the river bed and abutments are quite competent and no major geological discontinuities are anticipated. As foundation 6-3
treatment measure, consolidation grouting throughout the entire base of the dam to a depth of 10 m and one row of curtain grouting to a depth of h/2 where h is the height between FRL and deepest foundation level subject to a minimum depth of 10 m have been provided. A grouting cum drainage gallery has been provided at the bottom of the dam, through which the curtain grouting as well as drainage hole works will be done. All the hydraulic and structural designs for the dam, spillway and other components of the dam have been done as per relevant BIS codes / standards and the State of the art practices. The dam sections will also be zoned with different grades of concrete in order to economise the cost without sacrificing the stability and safety requirements. The dam and underground power house will also be provided with measuring devices as per BIS codes to observe and monitor the behaviour of these structures. The layout plan of the dam and other components of the project are shown in drawing no. WAP/PFR/CHHUNGER CHAL/1001. The dam plan and elevation are shown in drawing no. WAP/PFR/CHHUNGER CHAL/1003 and sectional details of NOF and overflow blocks are shown WAP/PFR/CHHUNGER CHAL/1004. 6.3 POWER INTAKE The intake structure for diverting the design discharge of 114.0 cumec in drawing no.
(including silt flushing requirement) is proposed on the right bank of river Dhauliganga about 100 m upstream of the proposed diversion dam. The intake is proposed at EL. 2759 m keeping in view the requirements of power intakes like sufficient cushion of water above the Intake tunnel, reservoir siltation etc. Suitable desilting arrangement has been provided to remove particles of size 0.2 mm and above by providing desilting chambers. 6-4
The required flows for power generation are proposed to be diverted through two intake structures of capacity 57.0 cumec with crest at EL. 2759 m. The intake trashracks will have 5 spans of 5 m each separated by 4 no. piers of 1.5 m width each at center to center distance of 6.5 m. The total width of the trashrack structure will, therefore, be 67 m. The trashracks will be in panels of size 5 m x 0.75 m which can be easily lowered in inclined trashrack grooves. The racks will be made out of steel flats of size 15 mm x 50 mm rounded at inlet ends and shall be fixed vertically on each of these panels at a spacing of 100 mm c/c. Assuming 50% clogging, the velocity through the trashracks will be restricted to 0.75 m/s. The flow through the intake will be led to an intake tunnel with a bell mouth entry. The vertical lift gate of size 4.0m x 4.0m will control the flow into the intake tunnel. Stop Log has also been provided for the intake. For operation of gates, a gate hoisting structure will be provided at pipe of 200 mm diameter EL. 2783 m. A vent would also be provided just downstream of the
intake gate. Besides intake gate hoisting structure at EL 2783 m, a deck has also been proposed at EL 2770 m to install / clear the trashracks when reservoir level reaches MDDL. The details of intake structure are shown in Drawing No. WAP/PFR/CHHUNGER CHAL/1005. The hill slope near each intake will be stabilized with adequate slope protection measures like rock bolts, shotcrete, benching, drainage holes etc. as necessary. 6.4 INTAKE TUNNEL Two number intake tunnels have been proposed, one 57.0 cumec discharge. The each for the two with a finished
independent intake structures. Each of these tunnels is designed to carry tunnels will be D - shaped diameter of 4.0 m and will meet independent desilting chambers. At the end of each desilting chamber a gate control shaft would be provided which will control flow into tunnels of same size leading to HRT. These tunnels will merge into a single headrace tunnel which will carry the total flow further upto 6-5
a surge shaft. The length of each intake tunnel will vary to suit the merger point with the headrace tunnel. To excavate these tunnels, rock support system shall be provided to suit the geological conditions of the strata through which these are excavated. The intake tunnels will be provided with 200 mm thick PCC lining. 6.5 DESILTING CHAMBERS It is proposed to provide desilting chambers to flush out all silt particles of 0.2 mm size and above. Two no. trough type underground desilting chambers operating under pressure flow conditions are proposed. These are fed by independent intake tunnels. Each desilting chamber will be 12.5 m wide, 15 m deep and 266 m long and will have smooth transitions at inlet and outlet ends to avoid eddy formations. The desilting chamber troughs will have 2 m x 2 m longitudinal drains at bed level. These drains will be covered with removable slabs having 250 mm to 25 mm dia holes at 4.0 m c/c through which the silt particles that settle will pass to the silt collecting drains. At the end of desilting chambers, silt flushing gates are provided in an underground hoist chamber to flush out silt laden waters in the drains to a common silt flushing tunnel that takes the silt-laden waters back to the river. These silt flushing gates of size 2.0 x 2.0 m can be vertical/radial gates. An opening of about 20 cm height of these gates will induce sufficient silt flushing velocity to flush out the accumulated silt in the drains. The silt flushing discharge passing through each gate opening would be about 11.5 m3/s.
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6.6
HEAD RACE TUNNEL A single horseshoe shaped headrace tunnel of 5.5 m finished diameter and about 3.545 km length has been designed to carry the required flows further upto the surge shaft. This tunnel is designed to carry a discharge of 91.2 m3/s. The head race tunnel passes under three deep nallahs along its route. The tunnel alignment has been so fixed that it has adequate rock cover at each nalla location. The tunnel will be provided with suitable rock support system depending upon the geological strata / formations enroute. Apart from the rock support system, the headrace tunnel will be provided with a 300 mm thick plain cement concrete lining to reduce the head loss due to friction. The details of typical rock support system and the concrete lining of headrace tunnel are shown in drawing no. WAP/PFR/CHHUNGER CHAL/1006.
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SURGE SHAFT To take care of pressure rise in case of sudden load rejection and to meet the sudden demand of water in case of sudden load acceptance, a simple surge shaft of 12 m diameter and maximum surge elevation of 2810 m the following functions:(i) (ii) (iii) To provide a free water surface close to the flow regulating mechanism. To limit the length of hammer. To store water during load rejection until the conduit velocity has been decelerated to the new steady state velocity, and pressurised water conduit liable to water has been provided at the end of headrace tunnel. This proposed surge shaft will serve
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(vi)
To supply the additional flows required by the turbine during the load acceptance until the headrace tunnel is accelerated to new steady state value.
The bottom of surge shaft will be at EL 2734 m and the normal minimum water level and maximum surge levels will be 2761 m & 2810 m respectively. The top of surge shaft will be located at EL. 2815 m. In case during detail design, it is found that minimum surge level comes lower than crown of HRT, expansion chambers of suitable capacity can be considered. The surge shaft is provided with adequate rock support system and a reinforced concrete lining of 500 mm thickness upto maximum surge level. Thereafter, upto the top level, only rock support system and 150 mm shotcreting will be sufficient. 6.8 PRESSURE SHAFT A single pressure shaft of 4.6 m diameter bifurcating to 2 numbers of 3.25 diameter each near underground power house is proposed at centerline elevation of turbine at 2463 m. Flows to turbines will be controlled by independent butterfly valves placed in the powerhouse cavern. The pressure shaft shall be steel lined and shall be backfilled with 500 mm thick M-20 grade concrete. The thickness of steel liner shall vary from 14 mm in the beginning to 32 mm near the power house. WAP/PFR/CHHUNGER CHAL/1002 shows the conductor system. Drawing No. L-section along the water
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6.9
UNDERGROUND POWER HOUSE COMPLEX An underground power house is proposed for this project because river bank at the tailrace outfall is very steep and there is no space where a surface power house can be economically built. The geological strata at this location comprises of upper member of Dar formations consisting of migmatites, banded gneiss, schists with clacisilicates rocks and marble. These rocks are traversed by migmatites veins and intruded by granite near contact with Tethyan sequence. transformer cavities This geological strata is considered suitable for an underground power house. The roof and sides of the power house and the will be provided with suitable supporting system like shotcrete, rock bolts etc. as necessary. The underground power house complex comprises of two separate caverns about 38 m apart. The main cavern of 21m width which will house generating equipment is 89 m long, out of which 47 m length will house 2 units of 120 MW each and the remaining is occupied by a service bay of 22 m length and a control block of 20 m length. The generator floor and service bay will be at EL 2474.5 m and the control block portion will be at higher elevation with a workshop facility underneath. Besides the turbine & generators etc, this cavern will house 2 no. main inlet valves, one for each unit. The centre line of turbines with be at EL 2466.5 m. An EOT crane of suitable capacity will be provided which will run from the beginning of service bay to the end of machine hall. The transformer cavern will be 14 m wide and would house transformers and GIS. A cable cum ventilation tunnel will be provided from this cavern to the outdoor switch yard. Both the caverns will be connected by 5 m diameter The draft tubes will merge into a manifold which D-shaped bus bar tunnels.
will have a 5.5 m dia D-shaped tailrace tunnel at one end. The flow from draft tubes will be controlled by draft tube gates having hydraulic hoists installed in the transformer cavern. The TRT will have a reverse slope to meet the river. 6-9
The underground caverns will be approached by a common main access tunnel of 7.0 m dia D-shaped starting from the existing road / path along the right bank of river. This access tunnel will have a maximum gradient of 1 in 15 and will be concrete lined and properly electrified and ventilated. The details of underground power house complex are shown in drawing no. WAP/PFR/CHHUNGER CHAL/1007 and 1008. 6.10 ELECTROMECHANICAL WORKS The proposed 240 MW Chhungur Chal Hydro-Electric Project would be Run off the river type development. The installed capacity would be provided by 2 nos. Francis, Vertical axis turbine driven generating units of 120 MW each housed in an underground powerhouse. It is proposed to provide Inlet Valve of spherical type for each turbine, which would be accommodated in the powerhouse cavern. The generation voltage of 11 kV would be stepped up to 220 kV through three 45 MVA, 11/220/3 kV ODWF type single-phase transformers for each unit located in Transformer cavern. The 11 kV-isolated phase phase busducts would connect the 11 kV generator terminals with 11 kV bushings of step up transformers. The 220 kV bushings of the transformers would be connected with 220 kV Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS) located on the floor above the transformers in transformer cavern. The arrangement of generating equipments, unit step up transformers, etc. is indicated in the following drawings. 1. Plan of the Power House at service bay level - WAP/PFR/CHHUNGER CHAL/1007 2. Cross-section of the Power House - WAP/PFR/CHHUNGER CHAL /1008
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The power generated would be evacuated through one 220 kV double circuit transmission line. The single line diagram is enclosed given in Drawing NO. WAP/PFR/ CHHUNGER CHAL/1009. 6.11 BRIEF PARTICULARS OF EQUIPMENTS Turbine and Governor The upstream levels, tailrace level and head available for power generation are indicated below : i) Upstream Levels ii) FRL MDDL EL 2780.0 M EL 2769.0M
Tailrace Levels Maximum Minimum EL 2473.0M EL 2470.0 M
iii)
Heads Maximum net head Minimum net head Rated head 298.0 M 284.0 M 292.83 M
The specific speed of the turbine determined as 104 RPM leads to the choice of Francis turbine for this station. The turbine would be suitably rated to provide 120 MW at generator terminals at rated head of 292.83 M. The speed of turbine has been determined as 300 RPM. The centre of turbine runner has been set at EL 2466.5 M, 3.5 m below the minimum TWL which is at EL 2470 M. The governor would be electro-hydraulic digital PID type suitable for fully automatic control. The closing time of wicket gates would be so adjusted so
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as not to increase the speed rise and pressure rise more than 45% and 30% respectively under full load throw off condition. 6.12 MAIN INLET VALVE It is proposed to provide spherical type Inlet Valve for each turbine as second line of defence in stopping the water flow to the turbine when due to governor malfunctioning, the generating units may tend to go to runaway speed. During the time when the generating unit is under stand still condition, it would help in minimizing the water leakage through the wicket gates of the turbine. The opening of the valve would be achieved through pressurized oil servomotor and closing through counter weight. 6.13 GENERATOR AND EXCITATION SYSTEM The generator shaft would be directly coupled with the turbine shaft. The bearing arrangement would be semi-umbrella type with combined thrust and guide bearings below the rotor and one guide bearing above the rotor. The generator would be of the closed air circuit water cooled type. The main parameters of the generator would be as indicated below: i) ii) iii) iv) v) Rated out put Power factor Speed Class of Insulation of stator and rotor winding Generation Voltage Class 'F' 11 kV 120 MW 0.9 lag 300 RPM
The generators would be provided with static excitation equipment and voltage regulator. Necessary power for excitation would be provided by tapping the generator terminals. Optimisation of generation voltage would need to be carried out at DPR stage. 6-12
6.14
UNIT STEP-UP TRANSFORMER Three 45 MVA, 11/220/3 kV single-phase transformers, would be provided for each generating unit with one spare transformer of same rating common for all the units. The likely transport limitations have dictated the choice for Single-phase transformers. The transformers would have Oil Directed Water Forced (ODWF) type cooling arrangement. These transformers would be located in the transformer cavern. The 11 kV bushing of the transformers would be connected with 11 kV terminals of generator through 11 kV bus ducts. The 220 kV bushing would be connected with 220 kV Gas Insulated Switchgear located on the floor above the transformers in transformer cavern.
6.15
EOT CRANE The heaviest equipment which the powerhouse cranes are required to handle during erection and subsequently during maintenance is the generator rotor. The weight of the generator rotor has been estimated to be about 365 tonnes. It is proposed to provide two EOT cranes of 200/20 tonnes capacity each.
6.16
AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS FOR THE POWER HOUSE Following equipments for the auxiliary systems of the power house would be provided: i) ii) iii) iv) v) Cooling water system for turbines, generators, unit step up transformers etc. Drainage System Dewatering system High pressure compressed air equipment for governor and MIV etc. Low pressure compressed air equipment for station services
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vi)
415 V LTAC supply system comprising station service transformers, unit auxiliary transformer, station service board, unit auxiliary boards etc.
vii) viii) ix) x) xi) xii) xiii) xiv)
D.C. supply system comprising 220 V DC battery, chargers, DC distribution boards etc. Ventilation system for the power house Air conditioning system for control room, conference room etc. Illumination system Earthing system Oil handling system Power and control cables Fire protection system
6.17
220 kV SWITCHYARD Due to likely non-availability of flat space for outdoor switchyard it is proposed to provide 220 kV Gas-Insulated Switchgear located on the floor above the transformers in transformer cavern having six bays out of which two bays for generator incoming, two bays for 220 kV transmission lines, one bay for step down transformer and one bay for bus coupler. The double bus bar arrangement has been proposed which would provide flexibility and reliability in the operation of the plant.
6.17
OBSERVATIONS OF CEA & CWC The Draft Report of this project was submitted to CEA for perusal during October 03. The observations received from the various directorates of CWC and CEA on the civil and electrical aspects of the projects have been considered and taken care in this report. The detailing has been kept to the possible extent as the report pertains to the preliminary feasibility stage studies. 6-14
CHAPTER-VII POWER POTENTIAL STUDIES

7.1 GENERAL The power potential studies have been carried out for CHHUNGUR CHAL Hydel Scheme, which is located in Uttranchal State. The projected power supply position for 11th Plan indicate that there would be shortage of peak power in Uttranchal State as well as in Northern region. The execution of this project would help in reducing the gap between supply and demand of power. This is a Run off the river development with diurnal storage for peaking purpose. The powerhouse would be of Under Ground type. The scheme is located down stream of Bokang Bailing HE Project which has been planned as storage based scheme. Therefore, this scheme has been planned considering regulated discharges from Bokang Bailing. Benefits have also been determined for an alternative scheme with unregulated inflows received. 7.2 FIXATION OF FRL/MDDL The FRL of the pondage has been fixed at EL 2780.0 M so as to get adequate storage capacity for peaking operation of the plant during lean flow period (January, February and March). The FRL has also been coordinated with Minimum TWL of upstream Bokang Bailing H.E. project which is at EL 2780 M. The MDDL of EL 2769.0 M has been fixed keeping the requirement of minimum cushion of water above the head race tunnel (HRT) to rule out the air entrainment into the HRT. The storage at FRL is computed as 3.730 million cubic metres whereas the storage at MDDL is
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estimated as 2.240 million cubic metres, thus making available live storage of 1.490 million cubic metres. The levels v/s capacity characteristics of the pondage are indicated in Annex 7.1. 7.3 FIXATION OF TAIL RACE WATER LEVEL (TWL) The minimum tail water level which corresponds to discharge of one generating unit at 10% load has been considered as EL 2470 M. load. The Maximum TWL at EL 2473 M corresponds to all the units running at full The minimum TWL has also been coordinated with FRL of downstream Sela Urthing HEP which is at EL 2470 M. These levels, however, would need to be verified when it would be possible to prepare tail rating curve. 7.4 WATER AVAILABILITY The available data of water flows on 10 daily basis has been analysed in Chapter No. 5 on hydrology. Water flows series for 30 years (1962-63 to 1991-92) has been utilized for power potential studies and is indicated in Annex-7.2. 7.5 TYPE OF TURBINE Based on rated head of 292.83 M and capacity of generating units, Francis turbine is considered optimum choice for this station. Following efficiencies pertaining to Francis turbine driven generating unit have been utilised for power potential studies. Efficiency of Turbine Efficiency of Generator : 93.5% : 98.0%
Combined efficiency of turbine and generator : 91.63% 7-2
7.6
90% AND 50% DEPENDABLE YEARS For determining 90% and 50% dependable years, Annual energy generation for all the 30 years (1962-63 to 1991-92) has been computed with unlimited installed capacity. The year wise power potential and energy generation is indicated in Annex-7.3 & 7.4 respectively. Annual energy generation is tabulated in descending order and indicated in Annex-7.5. The 90% and 50% dependable years have been determined in the following basis, where N is the no. of years for which inflow series is available. 90% year 50% year (N+1) x 0.5 31x0.5 (N+1) x 0.9 31x0.9 28th year 16th year
Based on above, 1976-77 and 1969-70 work out to be 90% and 50% dependable years respectively. Analysis of flow in lean period indicated in Annex 7.2, however, reveals that lean period flow is maximum in 1976-77. The installation determined on this basis would be very optimistic figure. flow discharge. It would thus be more appropriate in this case to determine 90% dependable year based on lean The energy generation in lean flow period has been Based on computed and tabulated in descending order in Annex 7.5.
energy generation in lean period, 90% dependable year comes out to be 1966-67. 50% dependable year however remains the same i.e. 1969-70. As this project is located in down stream of 336 MW Bokang Beiling project which is a storage based scheme, the inflows utilized for energy computations in 90% and 50% dependable years are the sum of regulated
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discharges released from Bokang Beiling plus the discharge from intermediate catchment. The computations of total inflows are indicated in Annex 7.6 for 90% year and in Annex 7.9 (A) for 50% dependable year. The energy computations for various Installed capacities (180 MW to 280 MW) are indicated in Annex 7.7 and Annex 7.9 (B) for 90% and 50% dependable years respectively. 7.7 INSTALLED CAPACITY
7.7.1 The power supply demand scenario projected for 11th five-year plan indicated that there would be shortage of power during peak hours in Uttranchal as well as in Northern Region. The peak period is about four hours. 7.7.2 The power potential in a 90% dependable year with different installed capacities (180 MW to 280 MW) is indicated in Annex-7.7. The studies have been carried out with rated head of 292.83 M and friction loss in water conductor system as 12.0 m. The study indicates that the firm power is 40.21 MW continuous. Considering four hours peaking, the installed capacity required would be about 241.0 MW. 7.7.3 For optimization of Installed Capacity, annual energy generation (KWh), Incremental Energy generation d(KWh) and ratio of Incremental energy to Incremental Installed Capacity d(KWh)/d(KW) have been computed for 90% dependable year for installed capacity up to 280 MW varying in steps of 10 MW. The results are indicated in Annex-7.8. It would be seen there from that d(KWh)/d(KW) has steep drop for increase in installed capacity from 240 MW to 250 MW and thus justifies installed capacity of 240 MW.
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7.7.4 Keeping in view the system requirements and analysis of Incremental energy and Incremental installed capacity, the installed capacity of 240 MW is considered optimum. With the installation of 240 MW the load factor of operation during lean flow period would be 16.75% corresponding to 4.02 hours of peaking. 7.7.5 Regarding number of generating units to be installed, there are three options: 1 x 240 MW 2 x 120 MW 3 x 80 MW Installation of one unit of 240 MW would be most cost effective. However, the width of underground powerhouse cavern required for this size of unit would not be feasible from geological considerations. Further there may be difficulties in transportation of equipment in hilly terrain. Installations of two units would provide increased reliability of power supply from the station and more flexibility for peak load operation. Installation of 3 units would have all the advantages applicable with the installation of 2 units, however, it would result in increased capital cost of the project. Considering the above it has been decided to install 2 units of 120 MW each. The Francis turbine would be suitably rated to provide 120 MW at generator terminals at rated head of 292.83 meters. The speed of the generating unit has been determined as 300 rpm. 7.8 RESULTS OF STUDIES Annual energy generation in 90% dependable year and in 50% dependable year have been computed for installed capacity of 240 MW (2 x 120 MW) and are indicated in Annexures 7.7 and 7.9 (B) respectively. The results are also briefly indicated below. 7-5
Parameters Annual Generation (Gwh) MW continuous Average factor Load factor in lean flow months annual load Energy
90% dependable year 853.28 40.21 40.59% 16.75%
50% dependable year 987.95 50.29 46.99% 20.95%
The design energy computations have been carried out and indicated in Annex-7.10. The design energy of 845.12 GWh would be considered for financial evaluation. The live storage capacity of the pondage at FRL of EL 2780 M and MDDL at EL 2769 M has been computed as 1089.46 MWh (1.490 million cubic meters). The storage capacity required for peaking operation works out to 965.04 MWh (1.319 million cubic meters) against 1.49 million cubic metre available. Thus, storage available is sufficient for peaking operation. 7.9 ALTERNATIVE SCHEME UTILIZING UN-REGULATED INFLOWS Power Potential Studies have also been carried out considering unregulated inflows. The energy benefits determined in 90% and 50% years are indicated in Annex. 7.11 & 7.14 respectively. The installed capacity has been determined to be 190 MW as indicated in Annex. 7.12. Design Energy has been computed as 752.66 GWh as indicated in Annex. 7.13. The Summary of Power Potential Studies is indicated in Annex. 7.15. The benefits from the scheme with regulated and un-regulated inflows are compared as below :
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Parameters
Scheme based on regulated discharge
Scheme based on unregulated discharge 190 31.08 16.36% 773.63 884.24 752.66
Installed capacity (MW) Firm Power (MW) Load Factor (Lean flow) Energy (GWh) i) 90% dependable year ii) 50% dependable year Design Energy (GWh) Generation
240 40.21 16.75% 853.28 987.95 845.12
It would be seen from above, that use of regulated inflows result in increase in firm power generation which consequently leads to higher installed capacity and increase in annual energy generation, design energy etc. Therefore, the alternative utilizing regulated inflows has been selected. 7.10 CONCLUSIONS The power potential studies carried out indicate that installed capacity of 240 MW comprising of 2 generating units of 120 MW each would be required for this HEP to derive optimum power benefits. The project would afford energy generation of 853.28 Gwh in a 90% dependable year. 7.11 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER STUDIES 7.11.1 At DPR stage, based on the data available of topographic survey, tail race rating curve should be evolved so that in energy computations the head utilized for power generation is corrected with the change in tail race water
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level corresponding to discharge. In the present study, tail race water level was considered constant. 7.11.2 The storage at FRL and MDDL should be computed with more accuracy based on the data of topographic survey. 7.11.3 As the benefits from the project gets increased by utlising regulated inflows, it is recommended that construction of this project should be planned after implementation of Bokang Bailing.
7-8
CHAPTER - VIII POWER EVACUATION
8.1
APPRAISAL OF EXISTING POWER EVACUATION FACILITIES The Project is located between latitude 29-30-00 (D-M-S) East to latitude 31-30-00 (D-M-S) East and longitude 78.5o N to 81o N. The installed capacity of Uttaranchal State is 1286.15 MW as on March 2003. Its peak demand has been estimated as 771 MW whereas the met peak is 705 MW in the present scenario. This amounts to deficit of 66 MW (8.56%). Accordingly, energy requirement is 3774 MU against the available energy of about 3670 MU. This depicts deficit of 104 MU (2.8%). For the purpose of evacuation of power pooling has been proposed for various Hydro Electric Power Projects. As per the geographical locations the following proposed Hydel Projects lie between the longitude 78.5o N to 79.5o N namely Harsil, Bhaironghati, Gangotri, Jadhganga, Karmoli Hydro Power Projects. The next group of Hydro Electric Projects which lie between longitude 79.3o N to 80o N are Badrinath, Gohana Tal, Rishiganga II, Rishiganga I, Jelum Tamak, Deodi, Devasari Dam and Malari Jelam. Whereas in the next series the Hydro Electric Projects which lie between longitude 80o N to 81o N are Mapang Bogudiyar, Sirkari Bhyol Bogudiyar, Sirkari Bhytol Rus Bagar, Khasiya Bada, Khartoli Lumti Talli, Kalika Dantu, Garba Tawaghat, Sobala Jhimrigaon, Sela Urthing, Chhanger Chal, Bokang Beiling. The power map of Uttranchal as on 1/1/2002 is shown at Annex-8.1.
8.2
PROPOSED EVACUATION SYSTEM TO NEAREST FACILITY A map has been prepared indicating various proposed Hydro Electric Projects for the purpose of preparation of prefeasibility report (PFR) indicating their locations which may be seen at Annex-8.2.
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8.3
ARRANGEMENT FOR EVACUATION OF POWER FROM CHHUNGUR CHAL HEP The 240 MW power generated at 11 kV at Chhungur Chal HEP will be stepped upto 220 kV by unit step-up-transformers. The power will be taken to newly proposed 400/220 kV Substation at Didi hat. Proposed line from Chhungur Chal to Didi hat for evacuation of power is shown at Annexure-8.3.
8.4
ROUTE LENGTH AND COSTING OF 220 KV D/C TRANSMISSION LINE FOR EVACUATION OF POWER FROM CHHUNGUR CHAL HEP The power of this project is intended to be evacuated by proposed 220 kV D/C line to newly proposed 400/220 kV substation at Didi hat. portion of line is estimated as Rs.37.50 crores. The total length of this line would be around 50 kms upto Didi hat. The cost of this
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CHAPTER IX INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION STUDIES

9.1. INTRODUCTION The Initial Environmental Examination of Chhunger Chal hydroelectric project has following objectives through various phases of development which are proposed to be covered.
provide information on baseline environmental setting; preliminary assessment of impacts likely to accrue during construction and operation phases;
identify key
issues which
need to be studied in
detail during
subsequent environmental studies It is essential to ascertain the baseline status of relevant environmental parameters that could undergo significant changes as a result of construction and operation of the project. In an Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) study, baseline status is ascertained through review of secondary data, reconnaissance survey and interaction with the locals. The Preliminary Impact Assessment conducted as a part of IEE Study, is essentially a process to forecast the future environmental scenario of the project area that might be expected to occur as a result of construction and operation of the proposed project. The key environmental impacts which are likely to accrue as a result of the proposed developmental activity are identified. Various impacts, which can endanger the environmental sustainability of a project, are highlighted for comprehensive assessment as a part of next level of environmental study during detailed studies.
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9.2
ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE SETTING The study area covered includes the area within 7 km radius of various project appurtenances. The data was collected through review of existing documents and various engineering reports and reconnaissance surveys. The various parameters for which baseline setting has been described have been classified into physio-chemical, ecological and socio-economic aspects.
9.2.1 Physio-Chemical Aspects a) Water Quality The proposed project is located in an area with low population density. Such areas are characterised by absence of pollution sources, which is also reflected in excellent water quality. The present population in the catchment area intercepted at the diversion structure site is of the order of 400. The major source of water in the project area are rivers or nallahs which flow adjacent to the habitations, which are conveyed to the consumers. The sewage so generated, too outfalls into various streams or nallahs flowing adjacent to the settlements. The total BOD loading from domestic sources in the catchment area is of the order of 18 kg/day. The effluent ultimately reaches river Goriganga through various streams/channels outfalling into the river. The quantity of BOD loading is insignificant to cause any adverse impact on water quality, even for the minimum flow in the river. There are no industries in the area. Likewise, use of agro-chemicals is negligible in the catchment area. Thus, in absence of pollution sources, water quality is excellent in the area.
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b)
Landuse The landuse pattern of the project area was studied using satellite data. The submergence area was superimposed on the satellite data, and the landuse pattern was ascertained, which is given in Table-9.1. The satellite imagery (IRS 1C, LISS-III + PAN Data) of the study area is given as Figure-9.1. Table-9.1 Landuse pattern of the submergence area S. No. 1. 2. 3. Landuse / Land cover Dense forest Grass land Water bodies Total Area (ha) 8.10 1.35 4.05 13.5
The submergence area is 13.5
ha. The major portion of the
submergence is the forest land (8.1 ha), which accounts for 60 % of the total submergence area. The other major landuse category is water bodies (3.60 ha). The area under grasslands is 1.35 ha. As a part of next phase of Environmental study, it is recommended that detailed studies be conducted to ascertain the ownership status of these lands, i.e. whether the land belongs Forest Department or is it a non-forest government land. The pasture land could still be categorized as forest land, as far as ownership status is concerned. In such a scenario, compensatory afforestation as per the norms of Forest Conservation Act (1980) will have to be done in lieu of entire forest land as per ownership, irrespective of its vegetal status to be acquired for the project. However, in the proposed project, the entire
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submergence area lies in Askot Wildlife sanctuary, the entire area irrespective of its land cover is to considered as forest land. 9.2.2 Ecological Aspects a) Vegetation The proposed project site is located in Askot wild life Sanctuary, about 2 km upstream of the confluence of Dhauliganga with Nagling gad. The power house is proposed to be constructed at about 1.5 km downstream of Chal village on the right bank of Dhauliganga. The forests in the area can be categorized as temperate forest with Kharsu-Oak forest being the dominant forest sub-type. The dominant floral species observed in the project area are Kharsu (Quercus semicarpifolia) with associates such as Kathboj (Baular aloides), Buransh (Rhododendron arboreum) and Bhojpatra (Betula utilies). The proposed site is located in deep gorge, where fairly dense oak forest was observed on south facing hill slops, while on the right bank vegetation can be categorised as open forests. The hill top are generally barren with scattered trees mainly consisting of Bhojpatra, Tuner and Kathbhoj. Vegetation in the vally near project site include Ringal, Thumer, Timla, Akhrot and Kail. Due to the high elevation and cold climate several herbs of medicinal importance have also been reported in this area. Dominant species of herbs are Ghingaru (Pysectautha crenulata), Hinsalu (Rubus ellipticus), Kutki (Pierotchiza kurroa), etc. The power house site also represents similar type of vegetation, where Open forests were observed on the slopes, while hill tops are generally barren. No agricultural land was noticed in this area. The Major floral species observed in this area are given in table 9.2.
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Table 9.2 Major floral species observed in the study area Local Names A. Trees Bhojpatra Tansen Thuner Akhrot Timla Burans Kail Kathbhoj B. Shurbs Hinsalu Kutki Ghingaru Kilmora Bankakri Kapoor Kachari Chirayata Hans Ray Jatamashi Rubus ellipticus Picrotchiza Rysectsantha Crenulata Berberis asiatica Podophyllum emodi Hedychinum spieatum Swartia onirata Curculigo orchioides Nardostachys grandifolia Scientific Names Betula utilies Tsuga demosa Taxus bacata Juglans regia Ficus auriculata Rhododendron arborium Pinus racuburghil Baula aloides
b)
Fauna As mentioned earlier, the proposed project is located in Askot wildlife Sanctuary. The same was formed in July 1986 for protection of Musk deer. The project area has fairly good forests on hill slopes but major portion of the catchment is snow bound. The forests in the project area does not represent good habitat for wildlife. Some mammals who prefer cooler area have been reported in the project area. Based on the review of secondary data and interaction with the Forest Department, major faunal species reported in the study area including snow Leopard, (Pautera uncia), musk deer (Muschus moscheferus), Goral (Nemarhaedus goral), Black bear (Selevaetos thibestanus) etc.
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Reptiles are not very common in the area> The only reptilian species noticed during field study was common lizard (Himidectyles brooki). Amongst avi fauna, monal (Zophophorus impejanus), snow partridge (Lerwa lerwa) and Crow (Corvus macrorhnchus) are the dominant species. The major faunal species reported in this area are given in Table-9.3. Table 9.3 Major faunal species reported in the study area Local Name Mammals Kasturi Mrig Snow Leopard Barking deer Goral Black Bear Reptiles Common lizard Avi fauna Monal Blue rock pigion Hill lpatridge Crow Snow patridge Snow cock Snow pigeon Zophophorus impyanus Colimba livia Arbasophila torquota Corvus macrorhchus Lerwa lirwa Tetraogallus himalayensis Columba leuconota Himidectyles brooki Moschus Moschifirus Panthera uncia Muntiacus Muntjark Nemarhaeus goral Selevactos thibetanus Schedule I - do - do - do - do Scientific Name Scientific as per wildlife act
c)
Fisheries Owing to difficult terrain and inaccessibility to river, fishery in the project area are poorly developed. River Dhauliganga has glacial origin and maintains fairly low temperature throughout the year. As a result,
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the primary and secondary productivity is very low. The temperature and natural biota are main factors which govern the growth of fish in the waters body. Two type of fish i.e. snow Trout and Mahaseer are reported in river Dhauliganga. However these groups are reported only near the confluence of river Dhauli with river Kali. It is recommended that a detailed fisheries survey be conducted in the river as a part of EIA study to ascertain the spatio-temporal occurrence of fishes. Tank or pond fisheries is not in vogue in the project area. 9.2.2 Socio-economic aspects There are a total 9 villages observed in the study area. The average family size in the study area is 3.7 with a total population on 1008. The number of females per 1000 male is about 938. The SC and ST population in the area is 13% and 84% of the total production respectively. The male and female literacy rates are 48.5% and 19.5% respectively. The overall literacy rate in the study area villages is 34.4%. The demographic profile of the study area villages is given in Table 9.4. Table 9.4 Demographic profile of study area villages S. Village No 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Bauling Nagling Sela Chal Baling Dugtu Dantu Philam Khimling Total No. of households 29 40 26 28 34 49 31 20 19 276 Male 58 101 54 63 70 85 46 27 16 520 Population Female Total 71 78 50 42 64 100 49 30 4 488 129 179 104 105 134 185 95 57 20 1008 SC 25 53 18 13 6 0 8 10 0 133 ST 103 105 86 91 127 185 85 47 20 849 Literates Male Female 25 50 21 30 46 33 19 18 10 252 8 17 7 2 12 31 11 6 1 95
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9.3
PREDICTION OF IMPACTS Based on the project details and the baseline environmental status, potential impacts as a result of the construction and operation of the proposed project have been identified. As a part of IEE study, impacts on various aspects listed as below have been assessed: Land environment Water resources Water quality Terrestrial flora Terrestrial fauna Aquatic ecology Noise environment Ambient air quality Socio-economic environment Impacts on land environment (a) Construction Phase Quarrying operations A hydroelectric project requires significant amount of construction material, which needs to be extracted from various quarry sites in and around the project area. Normally quarrying is done along the hill face, and generally left untreated after extraction of the required construction material. These sites can become permanent scar on the hill face and can become potential source of landslides. This aspect needs to be covered as a part of the EIA study and suitable measures for quarry site stabilization be recommended. At the present level of information, it can be recommended that to the extent possible, existing quarries be tapped for extraction of construction material. However, if new quarries
9.3.1
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are to be opened, then the same can be located on non-forest land outside the sanctuary area. Operation of construction equipment During construction phase, various equipment will be brought to the site. These include crushers, batching plant, drillers, earth movers, rock bolters, etc. The siting of these construction equipment would require significant amount of space. Similarly, space will be required for workshop, storing of other construction equipment and materials, etc. In addition, land will also be temporarily acquired, for storage of the quarried material before crushing, rubble, sand crushed material, cement, spare parts yard, fuel storage, guard room, parking of light and heavy vehicles, petrol & diesel pumps, temporary & permanent residential colonies for government and contractors labour, water supply and switch yard for construction purposes, etc. Various storage sites need to be earmarked for this purpose. It is recommended that to the extent possible, non-forest land outside the sanctuary area is acquired for siting of the above referred infrastructure and facilities. Problems of muck disposal A large quantity of muck is expected to be generated as a result of tunneling operations, construction of access roads, etc. The muck so generated needs to be properly disposed otherwise it can lead to significant adverse impacts on environment. Normally muck is disposed along the river bank which ultimately finds it way into the water body, leading to adverse impacts on riverine ecology. It is proposed to dispose muck over low lying areas outside the sanctuary area. Efforts need to be made so that the site selected for muck disposal has minimum vegetation and is a non-forest land. After 9-9
disposal of muck, the site needs to be stabilized using bio-engineering measures. Specific site specific management measures can be suggested as a part of EIA study. Construction of roads The topography of the project area has steep to precipitous slopes which descends rapidly into narrow valleys. Construction of roads in such area can give rise to erosion hazards due to net downhill movement of soil aggregates, if adequate protection measures are not undertaken. The project construction would entail significant vehicular movement for transportation of large construction material, heavy construction equipment. Most of the roads in the project area, would require widening. Many new roads shall be constructed. Construction of new roads may lead to removal of trees on slopes and re-working of the slopes in the immediate vicinity of road, which may lead to landslides, soil erosion, gully formation, etc. Adequate management measures need to be implemented to ameliorate such impacts. b) Operation Phase The area coming under reservoir submergence is 13.5 ha. The forest land and pasture land account for 70% of the total submergence area. The balance is under water bodies. In addition to above, an area of 50-55 ha will be required for siting of various project appurtenances, infrastructure, etc. It is recommended that to the extent possible, such sites be located over non-forest land outside the sanctuary area. The ownership category of land required for various project appurtenances can be ascertained, once project layout is finalized as a part of DPR preparation. Based on the ownership of the land to be acquired for the project, appropriate management measures can be formulated.
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9.3.2 Impacts on water resources The construction of barrage as a part of the proposed project diversion of discharge for hydropower generation would lead to reduction in flow downstream of the diversion structure site up to the confluence point of tail race discharge. Since there are no users in the intervening stretch, hence, reduction in flow during lean season is unlikely to lead to any significant impact. However, reduction in flow is likely to have a minor impact on riverine ecology. Though the discharge during lean flow is significantly less, but intervening nallahs and streams do supplement the minimum flow in the stretch under study. As a part of the EIA study, it is recommended toassess the minimum flow requirements. 9.3.3 Impacts on water quality a) Construction phase The project construction is likely to last for a period of 5 years. About 2,000 workers and 500 technical staff are likely to work during project construction phase. The construction phase, also leads to mushrooming of various allied activities to meet the demands of the immigrant labour population in the project area. Thus, the total increase in labour population during construction phase is expected to around 5000-6000. The total quantum of sewage generated is expected to be of the order of 0.4 mld. The BOD load contributed by domestic sources will be about 270 kg/day. The sewage would be disposed in nearby streams or channels under gravity through open drains, where ultimately it will find its way into river Goriganga. The inadequate sewage treatment and disposal facilities could lead to increased incidence of water-borne diseases. Normally during project construction phase, large scale sewage treatment facilities with biological treatment units are not commissioned, as they remain 9-11
unutilized, once the construction phase is over. Normally, low cost sewage treatment facilities are provided. In the construction phase of the proposed project, it is recommended to commission low sewage treatment facilities e.g. septic tanks in the labour camps for the proposed project as well. Since, the proposed project site is located in the sanctuary area, it is recommended that labour camps/colonies be located outside the sanctuary boundary. b) Operation phase Effluent from project colony In the operation phase, about 200 families will be residing in the area which would generate about 0.15 mld of sewage. The quantum of sewage generated is not expected to cause any significant adverse impact on riverine water quality. Adequate sewage treatment facilities including secondary treatment facilities need to be commissioned for this purpose to ameliorate whatever marginal impact that is expected to occur. Impacts on reservoir water quality The flooding of forest and agricultural land in the submergence area increases the availability of nutrients resulting from decomposition of vegetative matter. Enrichment of impounded water with organic and inorganic nutrients becomes a major water quality problem immediately on commencement of the operation and is likely to continue in initial years of operation. In the proposed project, about 60% of the submergence area has forest cover. Thus, it is recommended that detailed modelling studies be done as a part of the EIA study be done to estimate the D.O. level in the reservoir during its initial years of operation. 9-12
Eutrophication risks The fertilizer use in the catchment area intercepted at the diversion structure site is virtually nil and is unlikely to change even during generation and does not entail command area project operation phase. Since, the present proposal envisages only hydropower development, problems of eutrophication, which are primarily caused by enrichment of nutrients in water are not anticipated. 9.3.4 Impacts on terrestrial flora a) Construction phase Increased human interferences As mentioned earlier, about 2,500 technical staff, workers and other group of people are likely to congregate in the area during the project construction phase. The total increase in population is expected to be about 5000-6000. Workers and other population groups residing in the area may use fuel wood, if no alternate fuel is provided. On an average, the fuel wood requirements will be of the order of 2500-2700 m3. Thus, every year, fuel wood equivalent to about 800-900 trees will be cut, which implies that every year on an average about 1 ha of dense forest area will be cleared for meeting fuel wood requirements, if no alternate sources of fuel are provided. It should be mandatory for the contractor involved in construction activities to provide alternate source of fuel or run community kitchens, which are kerosene or LPG as fuel. Since, the proposed project site is located in the sanctuary area, it is recommended that the labour camp be located outside the sanctuary area.
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b)
Operation Phase Acquisition of forest land An area of about 13.5 ha is to be acquired under reservoir submergence. The entire submergence area lies in Askot Wildlife Sanctuary. In addition about 50-55 ha of land will also be required for siting of construction equipment, storage of construction material, muck disposal, widening of existing roads and construction of new project roads. A part of it could be area under sanctuary area, for which adequate management measures in the form of compensatory afforestation and conservation plan need to be implemented. It is recommended that a detailed ecological survey be conducted as a part of EIA study to assess the density and diversity of flora of the area to be acquired for reservoir submergence and other project appurtenances. Species requiring conservation need to be identified and if required, the conservation plan for the same be prepared.
9.3.5
Impacts on terrestrial fauna The project site is located in Askot Wildlife sanctuary, which was set up to protect Musk deer. The forest area in the project area and its surroundings provides habitat to various faunal species, quite a few which are categorised as Schedule-I as per the Wildlife Protection Act (1972). As per the Wildlife Protection Act, it is mandatory to protect such species. It is recommended that, as a part of the EIA study, detailed data collection from various secondary sources needs to be done to assess the severity of impacts due to various project related activities in the construction and operation phases.
9-14
Operation phase Impacts due to increased human interferences During project operation phase, accessibility to the area will improve due to construction of roads, which in turn may increase human interference leading to marginal adverse impacts on the terrestrial ecosystem. Since the proposed project site is located in a wildlife sanctuary, hence, these aspects need to be studied in detail as a part of EIA study. Impacts on wildlife movement Perusal of various faunal species observed in the project area, indicates that there are no migratory faunal species observed in the area. River Goriganga in the project area, even in the pre-project phase, acts as a barrier to wildlife movement. Thus construction of the reservoir as a part of the proposed project, is not expected to cause any additional barrier to wildlife movement in the project area. 9.3.6 Impacts on aquatic ecology a) Construction phase During construction of a river valley project, huge quantity of muck is generated at various construction sites, which if not properly disposed, invariably would flow down the river during heavy precipitation. Such conditions can lead to adverse impacts on the development of aquatic life, which needs to be avoided. The increased labour population during construction phase, could lead to increased pressure on fish fauna, as a result of indiscriminate fishing
9-15
by them. Adequate protection measures at sensitive locations, identified on the basis of fisheries survey in the EIA study need to be implemented. Since, in the proposed project, labour camps/colonies will be located outside the sanctuary area, away from the project site, the said impacts needs to be assessed in areas close to such sites. b) Operation phase Amongst the aquatic animals, it is the fish life which would be most affected. The migratory fish species, e.g. snow trout and Mahaseer are likely to be adversely affected due to obstruction to their migratory route created by the proposed barrage. The dispersal and migration pattern of various fish species needs to be ascertained to assess the degree of severity of impacts, which needs to be covered as a part of EIA study. 9.3.7 Impacts on Noise Environment Increased noise levels are anticipated only during construction phase due to operation of various equipment, increased vehicular traffic and blasting etc. No human settlements are located close to the project site. However increased noise level, especially blasting could scare away wildlife from the area. It has been observed during construction phase of similar projects, that wildlife migrates from such areas and returns after the cessation of construction activities. Similar phenomenon is expected in the proposed project site as well. However, presence of Schedule-I species in the project area and its location in the sanctuary area, makes its imperative to conduct detailed noise modelling studies as a part of EIA study. Based on the increased noise levels, as estimated through modelling studies, impacts on each faunal species observed in areas adjacent to the project site needs to be assessed.
9-16
9.3.8 Air Pollution Pollution due to fuel combustion in various equipment Normally, diesel is used in construction equipment. The major pollutant which gets emitted as a result of diesel combustion is SO2. The SPM emissions are minimal due to low ash content in diesel. Model studies conducted for various projects with similar level of fuel consumption indicate that the short-term increase in SO2, even assuming that all the equipment are operating at a common point, is quite low, i.e. of the order of less than 1g/m3. Hence, no major impact is anticipated on this account. Emissions from various crushers The operation of the crusher during the construction phase is likely to generate fugitive emissions, which can move even up to 1 km along the predominant wind direction. During construction phase, one crusher each is likely to be commissioned at the diversion structure and the power house sites. During crushing operations, fugitive emissions comprising of the suspended particulate will be generated. Since, there are no major settlements close to the diversion structure site, hence, significant adverse impacts on this account are not anticipated. However, it is recommended that the labour camp be situated at least 1 km away from the construction sites and that too on the leeward side of the pre-dominant wind direction in the area. 9.3.9 Impacts on socio-economic environment a) Project construction phase The construction phase will last for about 5 years. Those who would migrate to this area are likely to come from various parts of the country 9-17
mainly having different cultural, ethnic and social backgrounds. Due to longer residence of this population in one place, a new culture, having a distinct socio-economic similarity would develop which will have its own entity. Job opportunities will improve significantly in this area. At present most of the population sustains by cultivation and allied activities. The project will open a large number of jobs to the local population. b) Project operation phase Based on the information collected as a part of IEE study, it can be said that no private land or homesteads are to be acquired in reservoir submergence. In addition 50-55 ha of land also needs to be acquired for various project appurtenances. However, as a part of EIA study, data on ownership status of land to be acquired for various project appurtenances, needs to be collected to ascertain loss of private land and homestead, if any. If required, a suitable Resettlement & Rehabilitation Plan can be prepared. The commissioning of a hydro-electric provides significant impetus to economic development in the area. Likewise, in the project area, commissioning of a hydro-electric project would lead to mushrooming of various allied activities, providing employment to locals in the area.
9.4
SUMMARY OF IMPACTS AND EMP A summary of impacts and recommended management measures are summarized in Table-9.5.
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Table-9.5 Summary of Impacts and suggested management measures S. No. 1. Parameters Impact Management Measures Proper treatment of quarry site and location of new quarries over non-forest land outside sanctuary area. Efforts need to be made to ensure minimum acquisition of land in Askot Wildlife Sanctuary. Disposal at designated sites and provision of suitable management measures including bio-engineering treatment measures Formulation of Compensatory afforestation & Conservation Plan In case downstream nallahs do not contribute lean flows minimum flow will be released to maintain the riverine ecology.
Land Environment Construction Soil erosion due to the phase extraction of construction material from various quarry sites. Temporary acquisition of land for siting of construction equipment & material, waste material, etc. Generation of muck due to tunnelling operations & roads.
Operation phase
Acquisition of 13.5 ha of area in Askot Wildlife Sanctuary
2.
Water resources Operation phase
River stretch from dam site to tail race outfall will have reduced flow during lean season.
Moderation of hydrologic Regime.
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3.
Water quality Construction phase Operation phase
Water pollution due to disposal of sewage from labour colonies. Deterioration of water quality in the dry stretch of river due to reduced flow during the lean season. Disposal of sewage from project colony. Eutrophication problems.
Provision of community toilets and septic tanks No significant impact is anticipated
Provision of adequate sewage treatment facilities Eutrophication risks are minimal, hence, specific management measures are not required. Provision of community kitchen by the contractors engaged in project construction. Compensatory afforestation as per the Indian Forest Conservation Act (1980)
4.
Terrestrial flora Construction phase
Cutting of trees for meeting fuel wood requirements by labour. Acquisition of 13.5 ha area in Askot Wildlife Sanctuary
Operation phase
5.
Terrestrial fauna Construction phase
Disturbance to wildlife due to operation of various construction equipment. Disturbance to wildlife due to increased accessibility in the area. Increased surveillance, in the form of check posts at major construction sites and labour camps.
Operation phase
9-20
6.
Aquatic Ecology Construction phase
Increase in water turbidity
Marginal impact, hence no specific management measures are suggested. Provision of release of minimum flow, in case downstream nallahs do not contribute lean flows. Marginal impact, hence no management measures are suggested.
Operation phase
Drying of river stretch downstream of dam up to tail race outfall
7.
Noise Environment Construction Increase in noise levels phase due to operation of various construction equipment. Air Environment Construction phase
8.
Increase in air pollution due to operation of various construction equipment including crushers.
Cyclones will be provided in crushers located at various sites.
9.
Socio-economic Environment Construction phase Operation phase Increase in employment potential. Acquisition of private land, if any. Compensation as per Rehabilitation plan & Area Development Activities, if required.
Increased power generation Greater employment opportunities.
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9.5
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS The project lies in Askot Wildlife Sanctuary. Environmental Clearance would also require from approval from National Wildlife Board. Some species of medicinal importance are observed in the study area, mainly at hill top, near the project site. Likewise few faunal species categorized as Schedule-I, as per the Wild Protection Act (1972) are also observed in the project as well as the study area. The following aspects need to be studied in detail as a part of next phase of environmental studies:
Impacts due to acquisition of land in Askot Wildlife Sanctuary. Impacts on wildlife, especially species categorized as Schedule-I species as per Wildlife Protection Act (1972). Proper stabilization of quarry and muck disposal sites Management of pollution sources from labour camps.
9-22
CHAPTER - X INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES
10.1
GENERAL The Chhunger Chal hydroelectric project across the river Dhauliganga envisages foundation, construction of a dam about a 3.545 km 78 m high from the deepest long HRT, an underground desilting basin,
penstocks and an underground power house with an installed capacity of 240 M.W. (2 x 120 MW) and a tail race tunnel. The dam site is located downstream of confluence of Horba Yankti with Dhauliganga river and about 1.3 km up-stream village Chal. The power house is on the right bank hill of Dhauliganga about 1 km upstream of Sela village. The major infrastructure facilities needed are described in the following paragraphs. 10.2 COMMUNICATIONS
10.2.1 The nearest rail head available to the project is Tanakpur (M.G.) which is about 300 km from the dam site. From Tanakpur up to Khela via Champawat, Pithoragarh and Dharchula a wide black topped road exists, after which the approach to the proposed project site is through kuchha road / trekking paths. The total distance from Khela to dam site is about 35 km. 10.2.2 Roads in the Project Area For project construction, the road from Darchula to Tijam needs improvement at places. Fresh roads needs to be built, by improving the existing kuchha tracks from Tijam to dam site. Existing bridges/culverts across various valleys need to be widened / strengthened for use during and after construction. 10-1
Construction roads are also required from dam / power house site to quarry sites, and plant and machinery workshops etc.
Considering the existing road facilities, lengths of new constructed will be about 35 km. 10.2.3 Railways
roads to be
The nearest railway stations are Tanakpur (Metre Gauge) and Kathgodam on the Broad Gauge line. Railway siding for unloading heavy machineries and equipment is to be provided at the station selected. 10.3 CONSTRUCTION POWER The power demand for the construction activities is estimated to be about 4 M.W. taking into consideration capacity of lighting and electric driven equipment which are to work within the target time. The power requirement can be met with by procuring the supply from Uttaranchal state electricity authorities. For making the power available at project site 33/11 K.V. substation alongwith new power lines will be required. In addition to tapping grid supply, it is also proposed to provide supplemental power aggregating to 2 M.W. from diesel generating sets, as a stand by in cases of interruptions in grid supply.
10-2
10.4
TELECOMMUNICATION To ensure efficient execution at various sites, adequate and reliable telecommunication network is necessary. An electronic automatic exchange with a capacity of about 50 lines is proposed. A VHF system is also proposed to link project Head Quarters with clients head-quarters. Suitable number of mobile phones / walky talkies are also proposed.
10.5
PROJECT COLONIES / BUILDINGS Two project colonies are proposed, one near dam site and another near Power House site. Facilities such as post office, police station, market, primary health centre, fire fighting arrangement, canteen and recreation facility are also needed. Administrative building, guest house, family quarters and a field hostel will be needed.
10.6
CONTRACTORS COLONY AND LABOUR COLONY Contractors colonies and two labour colonies with all amenities are to be located at sites near both the dam and power house.
10.7
WORKSHOPS, STORES, FABRICATION YARDS AND MAGAZINES Workshops for maintaining plant and equipment used for construction, stores for construction materials, hydro-mechanical and electro-mechanical equipments etc. will be built and maintained by the contractor. However, a small workshop is planned for repair and maintenance facilities of project transport vehicles and minimum essential equipment which are bought by the client. 10-3
Areas for fabrication yards for the hydro mechanical equipment, viz the various gates and hoists, penstocks etc. will have to be located near the work sites. Two explosive magazines for the underground works and rock quarries works are also to be built. 10.8 WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION For drinking purposes in the colony areas, suitable water treatment plants for treating water drawn from the river Dhauliganga will be used. For construction purposes, water directly pumped from the river and stored will be used. Suitable sanitation and sewerage treatment facilities will have to be made at all the project and labour colony areas.
10-4
CHAPTER-XI CONSTRUCTION PROGRAMME AND SCHEDULE
11.1
GENERAL Chhunger Chal hydro-electric project including erection, testing and
commissioning of two generating units of 120 M.W. each can be completed in six years including one year of pre-construction and infrastructure activities. The testing and commissioning of first unit can be done at the end of June of 6th year and the next unit by September of 6th year. Since the project is in the upper reaches of Dhauliganga river and is in the vicinity of the snowline the working season for over-ground works is considered as 7-8 months starting from October in a year to May in the subsequent year depending upon the onset and withdrawal of monsoons and interruptions in the work during winter months of December to February, due to snow fall and biting cold conditions. The underground works can proceed during the entire year, though during the monsoon months and snowy days the progress will be retarded. 11.2 MAIN COMPONENTS OF THE PROJECT The construction schedule has been detailed by considering the following major items of the project: (i) Civil Works (a) (b) (c) (d) Infrastructure Care of river during construction Main dam Intake and desilting basin
11-1
(e) (f) (g) (h) (2)
Head race tunnel Penstocks / pressure shaft Under ground power house including switch yard etc. Tail race works
Electrical Works (a) (b) (c) (d) E.O.T. crane Supply and erection of T.G. sets Switch yard and transformers Other auxiliary equipment
(3)
Hydro mechanical works (a) (b) (c) (d) Main dam gates and stoplogs Intake gates Gates for desilting basin Draft tube gates
The details of the works are given in the salient features of the project 11.3 CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE The total construction period can be scheduled as follows: Total construction period including one year of infrastructure and pre-construction activities Commissioning of Unit one --- June of 6th year 5 years 9 months
Commissioning of Unit two --- September of 6th year The programme in the form of a bar chart is attached.
11-2
11.4
INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES The creation of infrastructure facilities can be taken up in the beginning of first year. Construction of project roads, construction roads to quarry sites, tunnel portals etc can be completed during the year. The construction of office, residential buildings and other buildings can also be started in the first year and phased over to second year as per requirement. The facilities like workshops, fabrication yards, stores, magazine etc. which will also be started in the first year and will be completed as per the needs of actual works.
11.5
MAIN DAM For care of river during construction, a diversion tunnel on the right bank of river and semi permanent coffer dams of small heights are considered. The excavation of the diversion tunnel will be started in the first year and with working from both the upstream and downstream ends, the diversion tunnel can completed in nine months. The upstream and downstream (if needed) coffer dams, which will be of semi permanent type with colcrete / plum concrete will be completed in the last quarter of the first year to facilitate diversion by the beginning of 2nd year. During the second and subsequent diversions the coffer dams may require only minor repairs / restoration. The excavation for the dam at the abutments will be taken up in the first year itself after the rainy season and all the excavation including river bed portion after river diversion can be completed before the end of second year. The work of foundation treatment will start as the excavation of foundation progresses and the all the consolidation work can be completed before June of third year. The curtain grouting and drainage holes work will be done through the foundation grouting provided in the dam after the dam blocks
11-3
have reached about 8-10 m above the gallery and completed before reservoir filling. The concreting for the main dam NOF and spillway blocks including ski jump bucket will be started in the last quarter of 2nd year and completed in all respects by the end of first quarter of 6th year. The erection of spillway gates and stop log will also be competed by this time. 11.6 INTAKE AND DESILTING BASIN The work of intake will be taken up from the beginning of second year and completed in all respects by the March of third year. The works of desilting basin can be started from the beginning of third year and completed by June of fourth year. 11.7 HEAD RACE TUNNEL, SURGE SHAFT, PENSTOCK AND TAIL RACE The length of the H.R.T. is only about 3.545 km and the work can be started from dam side after creating an approach from October of second year and can also excavated from surge shaft end after this face is available. All the works of HRT including tunnel excavation, concreting and grouting will be completed by the end fourth year as shown in the bar chart. The pressure shaft / penstock will be taken up by March of second year. The entire work of pressure shaft/penstock can be completed by the end of fourth year as shown in the construction schedule bar chart. The works of tail race can be easily done in 9 months and completed by the middle of 4th year.
11-4
11.8
POWER HOUSE The power house is planned as an under ground power house on the right bank hill of the river. The excavation for the power house can be started from October of first year and all the works including sub-structure and super structure can be completed along with the installation of electro-mechanical equipment of the two units by the end of the first quarter of 6th year as shown in the bar chart.
11.9
TESTING AND COMMISSIONING The first unit can be commissioned after testing by the end of June of sixth year and the second unit by September of sixth year.
11-5
CHAPTER-XII COST ESTIMATE
12.1
INTRODUCTION The Chhunger Chal hydroelectric project envisages construction of a 78 m high concrete dam above the deepest foundation level downstream of confluence of Horba Yankti with Dhauliganga river. The underground power house is located 1 km upstream of village Chal on the right bank hill of Dhauliganga river. The major works of the project Dam, include intakes, an underground desilting basin, a 3.545 km long HRT, penstocks and tail race works. The salient features of the project are given in the report. The power house will have an installed capacity 240 MW (2x120 MW).
12.2
The Project is estimated to cost Rs. 579.50 crores million at June 2003 price level. The break down of cost is given below :
Item Civil Works Electrical Works Sub Total (Generation)
Estimated Cost ( Rs. Crores ) 366.20 213.22 579.42 Say 579.50
The project estimate has been prepared on the basis of Guidelines for preparation of cost estimates for River Valley projects published by Central Water Commission, New Delhi. The abstract of cost is enclosed as Annexure 12.1. The above cost does not include the cost of transmission.
12-1
The estimate for civil & Hydro mechanical works have been prepared based on the average rates for major items of works made available by CWC in the guidelines for estimating the civil cost for the preparation of PFR. The electro mechanical rates have been adopted on the basis of enquiry floated to various reputed manufactures / supplier. The rates are inclusive of excise duty & taxes. The phased programme of construction has been given in the relevant chapter with this report. Cost provisions for the various items mentioned below has been made on lump sum percentage basis of C-Works & J Power Plant Civil Works for working out the total cost of project at pre - feasibility stage.
S.No.
Items
Provisions of % of C- Works & J - Power Plant Civil Works
1 2 3 4 5 6
A. Preliminary K. Buildings O. Miscellaneous R. Communication X. Environment & Ecology P. Maintenance
2% 4% 4% 4% 2% 1% of Total of C-Works J-Power Plant Civil Works K-Buildings R-Communications
Y. Losses on Stock
0.25% of C Works, J - Power Plant - Civil Works, K - Building & R - Communication
12-2
12.3
Electro-Mechanical Works
12.3.1 Chhungur Chal Hydro Electric Project is located in Uttranchal State. The type of the scheme has been conceived as Under Ground Run of the river. The FRL of the project is kept at EL 2780.0 M so as to get the sufficient width for accommodating overflow portion. It is proposed to have 2 nos. of units, each having an installed capacity of 120 MW totaling to 240 MW at rated discharge of 91.20 cumecs. This scheme would render the benefits of 853.28 GWh per annum. 12.4 Cost Estimate
12.4.1 Estimated cost of the project has been worked out for Electro-Mechanical works and transmission lines which would be used for power evacuation from the switchyard of the power house to the nearest facility like substation or the North Grid. Chapter-VIII. 12.4.2 The details of the estimates for Hydro- Electrical & Mechanical works has been estimated as Rs. 213.22 Crores. components are given in Annex. 12.2. 12.4.3 Regarding cost of power evacuation system, the estimates have been made on the basis of pooling of power of new Hydro-Electric projects which have been conceived in its vicinity. Since the exact position about the cross power system in the area is not clear, the power being generated from the nearby Hydro Electric projects has been pooled and suggested to be brought to the newly created sub-stations at Didihat. The cost of power evacuation for this project under construction has been arrived at Rs. 37.50 crores. Various details of different Such details or power evacuation have been given in
12-3
J - Power Plant Civil Work - 8
CHHUNGER CHAL HYDRO ELECTRIC PROJECT COST ESTIMATE - HYDRO - MECHANICAL WORKS
S.No. 1 Item DIVERSION TUNNEL WORK Gate (Size) Embedded Parts Rope Drum Hoist (as per capacity) SPILLWAY STRUCTURE Radial Gates Embedded Parts (Including anchorages) Hydraulic hoist Bulkhead Gates (Sizes) Embedded Parts Gantry Crane INTAKE STRUCTURE Intake Gate Embedded Parts for Intake Gate Rope drum hoist (as per capacity) Bulkhead Gates (Sizes) Embedded Parts for Bulkhead Gates Gantry Crane (as per capacity) CLEANNING MACHINE Trash Racks and Embedded Parts SURGE SHAFT Gate Embedded Parts Hoist Unit Oty Rate Amount
MT MT Set
85 25 1
100000 50,000 12500000
85.00 12.50 125.00
2 a
MT MT Set MT MT Set
890 300 2 445 150 1
100000 50,000 67500000 100000 50,000 15000000
890.00 150.00 1350.00 445.00 75.00 150.00
3 a
MT MT Set MT MT Set
60 20 2 30 10 1
100000 50,000 4500000 50,000 50,000 1500000
60.00 10.00 90.00 15.00 5.00 15.00
MT
90
50000
45.00
5 a b c 6
MT MT Set
30 10 1
100000 50,000 4500000
30.00 5.00 45.00
DESILTING CHANNEL/SILT FLUSING/D.T. Gate MT Embadded MT Hoist/Hydrolic Set
80 20 2
110000 50000 3000000
88.00 10.00 60.00 3760.50 Say 3765.00
CHHUNGER CHAL HYDRO ELECTRIC PROJECT COST ESTIMATE A - PRELIMINARY

Sl.No. Item of Work Unit Qty Rate (Rs.) Amount (Rs. in Lakh)
Cost of surveys and investigation including geological investigation, hydrological investigation, preliminary construction materials surveys, C/O access paths and roads etc. at PFR stage.
Topographical & other surveys for dam, powerhouse, reservoir etc.
Geological Investigation
Drilling & Drifting
Construction Material Survey L.S. 2% OF C & J WORKS 531.84
Hydrological and meteorological observation
Geophysical survey, seismological study.
Hydraulic model studies
Ground water studies
10
Charges for preliminary consultancy & specialists
11
Training of Engineers during investigation
12
Instrument and equipment for S & I works
13
Stationary. Writing of completion report & history of project.
531.84 Say 532.00
CHHUNGER CHAL HYDRO ELECTRIC PROJECT

COST ESTIMATE Sl.No. Item of Work - B - LAND Unit Qty (ha) Rate (Rs.) Amount (Rs. in Lakh)
Requirement of land
ha
500
50,000
250.00
Staff for demarcation and measurement of of land @ 1% of value of land 2.50
Total
252.50 Say 255.00

COST ESTIMATE - K - BUILDINGS Sl.No. Item of Work Unit Qty Rate (Rs.) Amount (Rs. in Lakh)
Residential Buildings
1.1
Permanent residential buildings including Services Charges
1.2
Temporary Buildings including
Services Charges
Total Residential Buildings L.S. 4 % OF Non Residential Buildings C & J Work 1063.68
2.1
Permanent non-residential buildings including
Services Charges
2.2.
Temporary buildings including
Services Charges
Total Non-residential Buildings
Grant Total ( Residential + Non-Residential)
1063.68 Say 1064.00
CHHUNGER CHAL HYDRO ELECTRIC PROJECT COST ESTIMATE - Q - SPECIAL T&P

Sl.No. Item of work Unit Qty Rate (Rs.) Amount (Rs. in Lakh)
Inspection and Transport Vehicles Staff Car Gypsy / Jeep Amulance School / Staff Bus Mini Truck Truck 10 ton no no no no no no 8 24 4 4 8 10 3.75 3.75 8 6.5 5 8 30.00 90.00 32.00 26.00 40.00 80.00
Miscellaneous Equipments Crane 50 ton Carane 18 ton Carane 10 ton DG sets 500 KVA Welding set Tractor Trailor Weight Bridge-20 ton Explosive Van 10 ton Pump 5 HP Pump 10 HP Pump 50 HP no no no no no no no no no no no 4 4 4 8 8 4 4 4 40 20 20 155 75 45 25 2.25 18 8 6 0.2 0.3 1 620.00 300.00 180.00 200.00 18.00 72.00 32.00 24.00 8.00 6.00 20.00
Workshop Equipments Lathe machine Shaper machine Bench Drilling machine Grinder Drill Steel Grinder Power hacksw Hydrulic jack Engine repair shop Auto-electrical repair shop Battery charger Compressor for tyre inflation Gas cutting set Unforeseen item Total cost of special tools and plants no no no no no no no no no no no no no 4 4 4 8 4 12 4 4 4 4 4 12 4 1 0.7 0.15 0.75 0.25 0.5 0.15 1.25 16.00 4.00 2.80 1.20 3.00 3.00 2.00 0.60 5.00 1.00 0.30 7.50 15.00 1839.40 Say 2000.00
NOTE : The project has been planned for construction through private agencies. The contractor shall arrange heavy equipments for works for which no provision has been kept under Q - Special T&P.
J-Power Plant Civil Works-1
CHHUNGER CHAL HYDRO ELECTRIC PROJECT COST ESTIMATE - INTAKE STRUCTURE

Sl.No. Item of work Unit Qty Rate (Rs.) Ammount (Rs. in Lakh) 25.00 105.00 87.00
1 1.1 1.2 2 3 3.1 3.2 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 5
Surface Excavation Common excavtion Rock excavation Underground Excavation Support System Rockbolts Shotcreting Concrete M-15 M20 Concrete lining M-20 Reinforeing Steel Sub-Total (A) M3 M3 M
3
M3 M M
3 3
20000 35000 8700
125 300 1000
RM M3
2000 250
400 4000
8.00 10.00
4500 7300 3000 700
2930 3390 4000 27000
131.85 247.47 120.00 189.00 923.32
6 6.1
Miscellaneous and Ancillary Works Various Miscellaneous works like wiremesh/steel fibre reinforcement, drilling & grouting etc. Sub-Total (B) 2% 18.47 941.79 9.42 18.84 28.25 18.84 1017.13 Say 1018.00
7 8 9 10
Instrumentation 1% of subtotal B Dewatering 2% of subtotal B Contingencies 3% of subtotal B Workcharged establishment 2% of subtotal B Total
CHHUNGER CHAL HYDRO ELECTRIC PROJECT COST ESTIMATE DESILTING CHAMBER & SILT FLUSHING TUNNEL
Sl.No. Item of Work Unit Qty Rate (Rs.) 1000 Amount (Rs. in Lakh) 1900.00
1 2 2.1 2.2 3 3.1
Underground Excavation Support System Rockbolts Shotcreting Concrete Lining Cement Lining M-20 Sub-Total (A)
M3
190000
RM M
3
23000 6000
400 4000
92.00 240.00
M3
15000
4000
600.00 2832.00
5 5.1
Miscellaneous and Ancillary Works Various Miscellaneous works like wiremesh/steel fibre reinforcement, drilling & grouting etc. Sub-Total (B) 4% 113.28 2945.28 29.45 58.91 88.36 58.91 3180.90 Say 3181.00
6 7 8 9
CHHUNGER CHAL HYDRO ELECTRIC PROJECT COST ESTIMATE - HEAD RACE TUNNEL
1 2 2.1 2.2 3 3.1
Underground Excavation Support System Rockbolts Shotcreting Concrete Lining Cement concrete lining M-20 Sub-Total (A)
M3
120000
RM M
3
50000 11000
400 4000
200.00 440.00
M3
21000
4000
840.00 2680.00
4 4.1
Miscellaneous and Ancillary Works Various Miscellaneous works like wiremesh/steel fibre reinforcement, drilling & grouting, PVC pipes for drainage, slope prolection works etc. Sub-Total (B) 8% 214.40 2894.40 28.94 57.89 86.83 57.89 3125.95 Say 3126.00
5 6 7 8
CHHUNGER CHAL HYDRO ELECTRIC PROJECT COST ESTIMATE - PRESSURE SHAFTS & PENSTOCKS
1 2 2.1 2.2 3 3.1 4
Underground Excavation Support System Rockbolts Shotereting Concrete M-15 backfill concrete Penstock Steel Liners Sub-Total (A)
M3
12000
RM M3 M3 MT
5100 1200
400 4000
20.40 48.00
1000 1600
2930 70000
29.30 1120.00 1337.70
5 5.1
Miscellaneous and Ancillary Works Various Miscellaneous works like drilling & & grouting, wiremesh/steel fibre reinforcement, swellex anchor, etc. Sub-Total (B) 3% 40.13 1377.83 13.78 13.78 41.33 27.56 1474.28 Say 1475.00
6 7 8 9
CHHUNGER CHAL HYDRO ELECTRIC PROJECT COST ESTIMATE - SURGE SHAFT

1 1.1 1.2 2 2.1 2.2 3 3.1
Underground Excavation Surge shaft excavation Surge shaft excavation with raise climber Support System Rockbolts Shotcreting Concrete Concrete Lining Sub-Total (A) M3 1500 4000 60.00 192.60 RM M3 1900 50 400 4000 7.60 2.00 M3 M
3
9000 1000
1200 1500
108.00 15.00
4 4.1
Miscellaneous and Ancillary Works Various miscellaneious works like site clearance, drilling & grouting, wire mesh reinforcement, Airvent pipes, lift arrangement, other steel works etc. Sub-Total (B) 2% 3.85 196.45 1.96 3.93 5.89 3.93 212.17 Say 213.00
5 6 7 8

COST ESTIMATE - POWER HOUSE COMPLEX INCLUDING TRANFORMER CAVERN Sl.No. Item of Work Unit Qty Rate (Rs.) Amount (Rs. in Lakh)
1 1.1 2 2.1 2.2 3 3.1 3.2 4 5 6
Underground Excavation Rock excavation Support System Rockbolts Shotcreting Concrete M20 M-15 Reinforcing Steel Structural Steel for roof trusses Stone/Brick Masonry Sub-Total (A) M3 M3 MT T LS 8000 18600 800 150 3390 2930 27000 42000 271.20 544.98 216.00 63.00 24.00 2079.18 RM M
3
M3
88000
1000
880.00
10000 1000
400 4000
40.00 40.00
7 7.1
Miscellaneous Various miscellaneious works like wiremesh/steel fibre reinforcement,drilling & grouting PVC pipes for drainage, slope protection works etc. Sub-Total (B) 5% 103.96 2183.14 21.83 43.66 65.49 43.66 2357.79 Say 2358.00
8 9 10 11
CHHUNGER CHAL HYDRO ELECTRIC PROJECT COST ESTIMATE - TAIL RACE TUNNEL
1 1.1 1.2 2 3 3.1 3.2 4
Surface Excavation Common Excavation Rock Excavation Underground Excavation Support System Rockbolts Shotereting Lining Sub-Total (A) RM M3 M3 2000 300 1000 400 4000 4000 8.00 12.00 40.00 114.50 M3 M M
3 3
600 600 5300
125 125 1000
0.75 0.75 53.00
5 5.1
Miscellaneous MISC. Sub-Total (A) 3% 3.44 117.94 1.18 3.54 2.36 125.01 Say 125.00
6 7 8
Dewatering 1% of subtotal B Contingencies 3% of subtotal B Workcharged establishment 2% of subtotal B Total

COST ESTIMATE - ADITS Sl.No. Item of Work Unit Qty Rate (Rs.) Amount (Rs. in Lakh)
1 1.1 2 2.1 3 3.1 3.2 4 4.1 5 5.1
Surface Excavation Rock excavation Underground Excavation Excavation of adits Support System Rockbolts Shotereting Concrete Cement Concrete in Portals & plugs Sub-Total (A) Miscellaneous Various miscellaneous works like site clearance, drilling & grouting, wiremesh/steel fibre, reinforcement, flooring, water proofing system swellex anchor, doors & windows,painting, lift arrangement, architectural works, other metalworks etc. Sub-Total (B) 4% 19.70 512.10 5.12 10.24 15.36 10.24 553.06 Say 554.00 M
3
M M
800 33000 12000 2000 800
300 1000 400 4000 4000
2.40 330.00 48.00 80.00 32.00 492.40
RM M
3
6 7 8 9
C-Works-1
CHHUNGER CHAL HYDRO ELECTRIC PROJECT COST ESTIMATE - DIVERSION TUNNEL

1 1.1 1.2 2 3 3.1 3.2 4 4.1 4.2
Surface Excavation Common excavtion Rock excavation Underground Excavation Support System Rockbolts Shotcreting Concrete Lining M-20 M-20 Sub-total (A) M3 M3 3000 50 4000 3390 120.00 1.70 431.67 RM M3 7500 300 400 4000 30.00 12.00 M3 M M
3 3
700 700 26500
125 300 1000
0.88 2.10 265.00
Miscellaneous and Ancillary Works
5.1
Various miscellaneous works like drilling & grouting, wiremesh reinforcement, slope protection works, othr steel works etc. Sub-total (B) 8% 34.53 466.20 4.66 9.32 13.99 9.32 503.50 Say 504.00
6 7 8 9
C-Works-2

COST ESTIMATE - COFFER DAM Sl.No. Item of Work Unit Qty Rate (Rs.) Amount (Rs. in Lakh)
1 1.1 2 2.1 2.2
Surface Excavation Common Excavation Concrete M-10 Plum Concrete Sub-Total (A) M3 M
3
M3
3500
125
4.38
2000 4500
2560 2000
51.20 90.00 145.58
3 3.1
Miscellaneous Various miscellaneious works Sub-Total (B) 0.5% 0.73 146.30 4.39 4.39 2.93 158.01 Say 158.00
4 5 6
Dewatering 3% of subtotal B Contingencies 3% of subtotal B Workcharged establishment 2% of subtotal B Total
C-Works-3
CHHUNGER CHAL HYDRO ELECTRIC PROJECT COST ESTIMATE - CONCRETE DAM

1 1.1 2 2.1 2.2 3 3.1 3.2 4
Surface Excavation common Excavation Support System Rockbolts Shotcreting Concrete Lining M-15 M-20 Reinforcing Steel M3 M3 MT 221000 39000 4000 2930 3390 27000 6475.30 1322.10 1080.00 RM M3 10000 1500 400 4000 40.00 60.00 M3 92000 125 115.00
Sub-Total (A) 5 5.1 Miscellaneous and Ancillary Works Various Miscellaneous works like wiremesh/steel fibre reinforcement, drilling & grouting, PVC pipes for drainage, slope prolection works etc. Sub-Total (B) 6 7 8 9 Instrumentation 1% of subtotal B Dewatering 2% of subtotal B Contingencies 3% of subtotal B Workcharged establishment 2% of subtotal B Total 3%
9092.40
272.77 9365.17 93.65 187.30 280.96 187.30 10114.39 Say 10115.00
Annexure 12.1 CHHUNGER CHAL HYDRO ELECTRIC PROJECT ABSTRACT OF COST OF WORKS
S.No. DESCRIPTION AMOUNT (Rs.in Crores) (June 2003)
A 1
CIVIL WORKS DIRECT CHARGES I - Works A - Preliminary B - Land C - Works J - Power Plant Civil Works K - Buildings M - Plantation O - Miscellaneous P - Maintenance Q - Special Tools & Plants R - Communication X - Environment & Ecology Y - Losses on Stock TOTAL OF I - WORKS II - Establishhment @ 8% of cost of I-works less B-Land III - Tools and Plants @ 1% of cost of I - Works IV- suspense V - Receipt & Recoveries Total Direct Charges 5.32 2.55 107.77 158.15 10.64 2.00 10.64 2.87 20.00 10.64 5.32 0.75 335.14 24.26 3.35 0.00 0.03 362.70 0.15 3.35 3.50 366.20 366.20 213.22 579.42
(-)
(-)
37.5
a) Capital value of Abatement of land Revenue b) Audit and Account Charges @ 1% of cost of I-Works. Total indirect Charges Total of Direct & Indirect Charges. Abstract :
A B
Civil Works Electrical works Total cost
CHAPTER XIII ECONOMIC EVALUATION
13.1
GENERAL The economic and financial evaluation of the Chhungur Chal H.E project has been considered as per the standard guidelines issued by Central Electricity Authority and the norms laid down by the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC) for Hydro projects have been kept in view in this regard.
13.2
PROJECT BENEFITS
13.2.1 The scheme would afford on annual energy generation of 853.28 GWh in a 90% dependable year. For assessing the tariff, design energy generation of 987.95 GWh , calculated with 95% capacity availability in a 90% dependable year, has been adopted. The project would provide 240 MW of peaking capacity benefits. 13.3 CAPITAL COST The project cost has been estimated at Rs. 579.42 crores without IDC based on the criteria for Adoption of Rates and Cost for preparation of PFRs of hydro-electric projects issued by CEA and is as given below : 1. 2. Cost of civil works Cost of Electrical/Mechanical works Total = = = Rs. 366.20 Crores Rs. 213.22 Crores Rs.579.42 Crores
13-1
13.4
MODE OF FINANCING The project is proposed to be financed with a debt equity ratio of 70:30. An interest rate of 10% on the loan component has been considered for the financial analysis of the project. The interest on the working capital is taken as 9.75%.
13.5
PHASING OF EXPENDITURE The project is proposed to be completed in 5.75 years period in all respect with full benefit available after 5.75 years. The detailed year wise phasing of expenditure based upon the above construction programme for Civil & Electrical works is given in Annexure 13.1.
13.6
FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
13.6.1 Basic and Normative Parameters The following basic parameters have been adopted for working out the financial analysis of the project. i) ii) iii) iv) v) vi) vii) Estimated capital cost of Rs. 688.03 Crores considering the Interest during construction. Annual energy generation of 853.28 GWh in 90% dependable year and Design energy of 987.95 GWh. Operation & maintenance expenses (including insurance) @ 1.5% of the project cost in the first year with 5% escalation every year. Depreciation @ 3.5 % has been considered on an average basis. Auxiliary consumption @ 0.7 % of the energy generated. Transformation loss @ 0.5% of the energy generated. Interest on working capital @ 9.75%.
13-2
viii)
Interest during construction has been worked out based upon the interest rates as mentioned above. The computations are given in Annexure 13.2 for present day capital cost.
ix) x)
Corporate tax @ 30%. Return on equity @ 16%.
13.6.2 Assessment of Tariff Based upon the parameters given above, the sale rate of energy at bus bar has been computed in Annexure 13.3. The sale rate applicable in the first year and levellised tariff is indicated below. Table 13.2 Tariff Period Tariff (Rs./KWh) First Year Levellised Tariff 1.13 0.92
13.7
CONCLUSION The sale rate of energy indicated above shows that the energy generated from the project is financially viable and economically attractive.
13-3
Annexure 13.2
CHHUNGER CHAL HYDEL SCHEME ( Underground Power House )
Calculation of Interest During Construction
Debt : Equity 70 : 30 Interest rate @ 10 % (INR crores)
Year
Project cost (Civil & E&M) 2 57.94 115.88 144.86 144.86 57.94 57.94 579.42
Equity component (30%) 3 57.94 115.88 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 173.83
Loan component (70%) 4 0.00 0.00 144.86 144.86 57.94 57.94 405.59
Cummulative loan 5 0.00 0.00 144.86 289.71 347.65 405.59
IDC 10.0% 6 0.00 0.00 7.24 21.73 31.87 37.66 98.50
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 (9months) Total
Equity for IDC (6) x 0.30 7 0.00 0.00 2.17 6.52 9.56 11.30 29.55
ITERATION - I Loan for IDC (6) x 0.70 8 0.00 0.00 5.79 17.38 25.49 30.13 78.80
IDC 10.0% 9 0.00 0.00 0.29 1.45 3.59 4.78 10.11
GRAND TOTAL TOTAL Capitalised IDC cost 10 0.00 0.00 7.53 23.18 35.46 42.44 108.61 11 57.94 115.88 152.39 168.03 93.40 100.38 688.03
Annexure -13.1
CHHUNGER CHAL HYDEL SCHEME ( Underground Power House )
Phasing of Expenditure
INR crores
Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 Total
Civil cost 36.62 73.24 91.55 91.55 36.62 36.62 366.20
E & M cost 21.32 42.64 53.31 53.31 21.32 21.32 213.22
Total cost 57.94 115.88 144.86 144.86 57.94 57.94 579.42
Annexure CHHUNGER CHAL HYDEL SCHEME ( Underground Power House ) TARIFF CALCULATIONS WITH PROJECTED COMPLETION COST
13.3
Debt:Equity Ratio Yr 1 BASIC PARAMETERS Capacity (MW) Capital Cost (INR crores) Capital Cost with IDC . Equity Portion (%) Debt Portion (%) Capital Cost/MW (INR crores) Interest rate for WC (%) Tax rate (%) Interest rate on loan from Financial Institutions (%) Total annual energy (GWh) Design energy with 90% dependibility (GWh) Saleable Energy after aux. (GWh) consumption & transformation losses FINANCIAL PACKAGE (INR crores) LOAN Loan Component Fin. Institutions Equity component 206.41 550.43 137.61 688.0 Fin. Institutions 100.00 70.00 10.00 550.43 Equity 550.4 % of total loan % of project cost Intt. Rate (%) AMOUNT (INR crores) EQUITY % of total equity Yr 2 Yr 3 Yr 4 Yr 5 Yr 6 Yr 7 Yr 8 Yr 9
7.0 Yr 10
: Yr 11
3.0 Yr 12
240.00 579.42 688.03 20.00 80.00 2.87 9.75 30.00 10.00 853.28 987.95 976.13
240.00 579.42 688.03 20.00 80.00 2.87 9.75 30.00 10.00 853.28 987.95 976.13
240.00 579.42 688.03 20.00 80.00 2.87 9.75 30.00 10.00 853.28 987.95 976.13
240.00 579.42 688.03 20.00 80.00 2.87 9.75 30.00 10.00 853.28 987.95 976.13
240.00 579.42 688.03 20.00 80.00 2.87 9.75 30.00 10.00 853.28 987.95 976.13
240.00 579.42 688.03 20.00 80.00 2.87 9.75 30.00 10.00 853.28 987.95 976.13
240.00 579.42 688.03 20.00 80.00 2.87 9.75 30.00 10.00 853.28 987.95 976.13
240.00 579.42 688.03 20.00 80.00 2.87 9.75 30.00 10.00 853.28 987.95 976.13
240.00 579.42 688.03 20.00 80.00 2.87 9.75 30.00 10.00 853.28 987.95 976.13
240.00 579.42 688.03 20.00 80.00 2.87 9.75 30.00 10.00 853.28 987.95 976.13
240.00 579.42 688.03 20.00 80.00 2.87 9.75 30.00 10.00 853.28 987.95 976.13
240.00 579.42 688.03 20.00 80.00 2.87 9.75 30.00 10.00 853.28 987.95 976.13
% of project cost
AMOUNT (INR crores)
100.00
30.00
206.41
Total Period Financial Inst. Repayment 10 Moratorium 0 Installment/yr. 1
100.00
70.00
550.43
Total
100.00
30.00
206.41
Repayment Amount/year Financial Institutions
55.04
Construction Period (Yrs.)
5.75
1/12
13.3
Debt:Equity Ratio Yr 1 Yr 2 Yr 3 Yr 4 Yr 5 Yr 6 Yr 7 Yr 8 Yr 9
7.0 Yr 10
: Yr 11
3.0 Yr 12
NORMATIVE PARAMETERS O & M Charges incl. Insurance (%) O & M Inflation rate (%) Rate of return on equity (%) Rate of Depreciation (ES Act) (%) Rate of Depreciation (IT Act) (%) Spares for 1 yr -1/5th C.S Auxiliary consumption (%) Transformation Losses (%) SCHEDULE OF LOAN REPAYMENT AGENCY
Year
1 1.50 5.00 16.00 3.50 25.00 1.38 0.70 0.50
2 1.50 5.00 16.00 3.50 25.00 1.38 0.70 0.50
3 1.50 5.00 16.00 3.50 25.00 1.38 0.70 0.50
4 1.50 5.00 16.00 3.50 25.00 1.38 0.70 0.50
5 1.50 5.00 16.00 3.50 25.00 1.38 0.70 0.50
6 1.50 5.00 16.00 3.50 25.00 1.38 0.70 0.50
7 1.50 5.00 16.00 3.50 25.00 1.38 0.70 0.50
8 1.50 5.00 16.00 3.50 25.00 1.38 0.70 0.50
9 1.50 5.00 16.00 3.50 25.00 1.38 0.70 0.50
10 1.50 5.00 16.00 3.50 25.00 1.38 0.70 0.50
11 1.50 5.00 16.00 3.50 25.00 1.38 0.70 0.50
12 1.50 5.00 16.00 3.50 25.00 1.38 0.70 0.50
Year
10
11
12
FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS Outstanding Term loan Term loan installment Cum. Loan Repaid Interest on Term loan Total Yearly installment
550.43 55.04 55.04 52.29 107.33
495.38 55.04 110.09 46.79 101.83
440.34 55.04 165.13 41.28 96.32
385.30 55.04 220.17 35.78 90.82
330.26 55.04 275.21 30.27 85.32
275.21 55.04 330.26 24.77 79.81
220.17 55.04 385.30 19.26 74.31
165.13 55.04 440.34 13.76 68.80
110.09 55.04 495.38 8.26 63.30
55.04 55.04 550.43 2.75 57.79
0.00 0.00 550.43 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 550.43 0.00 0.00
LOAN SERVICING Outstanding Term loan Loan Repayment Installment Sources of Funds for Repayment - Depreciation (ES Act) - Advance Depreciation - Additional sources (ROE ) COMPUTATION OF TARIFF COMPONENTS INTEREST ON CAPITAL Interest on Term loan Total Yearly Installment
550.43 55.04 24.08 0.00 30.96
495.38 55.04 24.08 0.00 30.96
440.34 55.04 24.08 0.00 30.96
385.30 55.04 24.08 0.00 30.96
330.26 55.04 24.08 0.00 30.96
275.21 55.04 24.08 0.00 30.96
220.17 55.04 24.08 0.00 30.96
165.13 55.04 24.08 0.00 30.96
110.09 55.04 24.08 0.00 30.96
55.04 55.04 24.08 0.00 30.96
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
52.29 107.33
46.79 101.83
41.28 96.32
35.78 90.82
30.27 85.32
24.77 79.81
19.26 74.31
13.76 68.80
8.26 63.30
2.75 57.79
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
2/12
13.3
Debt:Equity Ratio Yr 1 RATE OF RETURN Equity amount Return on Equity O & M EXPENSES INTEREST ON WORKING CAPITAL WORKING CAPITAL O & M Expenses - 1 month Spares 1 year - 1/5th cap spares Receivables for 2 months DEP(ES Act) Interest Return on Equity O&M I.Tax Interest on W.C. Total Working capital Interest on Working Capital Yr 2 Yr 3 Yr 4 Yr 5 Yr 6 Yr 7 Yr 8 Yr 9
7.0 Yr 10
: Yr 11
3.0 Yr 12
137.61 22.02 10.32
137.61 22.02 10.84
137.61 22.02 11.38
137.61 22.02 11.95
137.61 22.02 12.54
137.61 22.02 13.17
137.61 22.02 13.83
137.61 22.02 14.52
137.61 22.02 15.25
137.61 22.02 16.01
137.61 22.02 16.81
137.61 22.02 17.65
0.86 1.38 4.01 8.72 3.67 1.72 0.00 0.25 20.60 2.01
0.90 1.38 4.01 7.80 3.67 1.81 0.00 0.24 19.80 1.93
0.95 1.38 4.01 6.88 3.67 1.90 0.00 0.23 19.01 1.85
1.00 1.38 4.01 5.96 3.67 1.99 0.00 0.22 18.23 1.78
1.05 1.38 4.01 5.05 3.67 2.09 0.00 0.21 17.45 1.70
1.10 1.38 4.01 4.13 3.67 2.20 0.00 0.20 16.68 1.63
1.15 1.38 4.01 3.21 3.67 2.31 0.00 0.19 15.92 1.55
1.21 1.38 4.01 2.29 3.67 2.42 0.00 0.18 15.17 1.48
1.27 1.38 4.01 1.38 3.67 2.54 0.00 0.17 14.42 1.41
1.33 1.38 4.01 0.46 3.67 2.67 0.00 0.16 13.69 1.33
1.40 1.38 4.01 0.00 3.67 2.80 0.00 0.16 13.42 1.31
1.47 1.38 4.01 0.00 3.67 2.94 0.00 0.16 13.64 1.33
DEPRECIATION (ES ACT) (INR crores) Total Depreciable Amount Opening Depreciation Fund Yearly Depreciation (ES Act) Cumulative Depreciation Fund Loan Repayment Installment Advance Dep. for loan Repayment Return on Eq. for loan Repayment Closing Cummulative Dep. Fund Total Depreciation Net Depreciable Amount DEPRECIATION (IT ACT) (INR crores) Sum at charge Depreciation (IT Act) Dep.limited to 90% of capital cost
619.23 0.00 24.08 24.08 55.04 0.00 30.96 -30.96 24.08 619.23
595.15 -30.96 24.08 -6.88 55.04 0.00 30.96 -61.92 24.08 595.15
571.07 -61.92 24.08 -37.84 55.04 0.00 30.96 -92.88 24.08 571.07
546.99 -92.88 24.08 -68.80 55.04 0.00 30.96 -123.85 24.08 546.99
522.90 -123.85 24.08 -99.76 55.04 0.00 30.96 -154.81 24.08 522.90
498.82 -154.81 24.08 -130.73 55.04 0.00 30.96 -154.81 24.08 498.82
474.74 -154.81 24.08 -130.73 55.04 0.00 30.96 -154.81 24.08 474.74
450.66 -154.81 24.08 -130.73 55.04 0.00 30.96 -154.81 24.08 450.66
426.58 -154.81 24.08 -130.73 55.04 0.00 30.96 -154.81 24.08 426.58
402.50 -154.81 24.08 -130.73 55.04 0.00 30.96 -154.81 24.08 402.50
378.42 -154.81 24.08 -130.73 0.00 0.00 0.00 -130.73 24.08 378.42
354.34 -130.73 24.08 -106.65 0.00 0.00 0.00 -106.65 24.08 354.34
688.03 172.01 172.01
516.02 129.01 129.01
387.02 96.75 96.75
290.26 72.57 72.57
217.70 54.42 54.42
163.27 40.82 40.82
122.45 30.61 30.61
91.84 22.96 22.96
68.88 17.22 0.08
51.66 12.92 0.00
38.75 9.69 0.00
29.06 7.26 0.00
3/12
13.3
Debt:Equity Ratio Yr 1 TAX LIABILITY (INR crores) Yearly Profit/loss Cummulative Profit/loss (+/-) Tax liability CAPACITY AND ENERGY CHARGES Annual Capacity Charge (INR crores) Annual Energy Charge (INR crores) Total Annual Charge (INR crores) Average Tariff (INR/kWh) Average Tariff for 5 years (INR/kWh) Discount rate (%) Discounted Average Tariff (INR/kWh) Levellised Eq.Avg. Tariff (INR/kWh) 12.00 / Year Yr 2 Yr 3 Yr 4 Yr 5 Yr 6 Yr 7 Yr 8 Yr 9
7.0 Yr 10
: Yr 11
3.0 Yr 12
-125.91 -125.91 0.00
-82.91 -208.82 0.00
-50.66 -259.47 0.00
-26.47 -285.94 0.00
-8.33 -294.27 0.00
5.28 -288.99 0.00
15.48 -273.50 0.00
23.14 -250.37 0.00
46.02 -204.35 0.00
46.10 -158.25 0.00
46.10 -112.15 0.00
46.10 -66.05 0.00
76.37 34.35 110.72 1.13 1.03 1 1.13 0.92
70.87 34.78 105.65 1.08
65.36 35.25 100.61 1.03
59.86 35.74 95.60 0.98
54.35 36.26 90.62 0.93
48.85 36.82 85.67 0.88 0.78 6 0.50
43.35 37.40 80.75 0.83
37.84 38.02 75.86 0.78
32.34 38.67 71.01 0.73
26.83 39.36 66.20 0.68
24.08 40.14 64.22 0.66 0.74 11 0.21
24.08 41.00 65.08 0.67
2 0.97
3 0.82
4 0.70
5 0.59
7 0.42
8 0.35
9 0.29
10 0.24
12 0.19
4/12
Annexure - 13.3
CHHUNGER CHAL HYDEL SCHEME ( Underground Power House ) TARIFF CALCULATIONS WITH PROJECTED COMPLETION COST
Debt:Equity Ratio Yr 13 BASIC PARAMETERS Capacity (MW) Capital Cost (INR crores) Capital Cost with IDC . Equity Portion (%) Debt Portion (%) Capital Cost/MW (INR crores) Interest rate for WC (%) Tax rate (%) Interest rate on loan from Financial Institutions (%) Total annual energy (GWh) Design energy with 90% dependibility (GWh) Saleable Energy after aux. (GWh) consumption & transformation losses FINANCIAL PACKAGE (INR crores) Loan Component Fin. Institutions Equity component 206.41 550.43 137.61 688.0 550.4 Yr 14 Yr 15 Yr 16 Yr 17 Yr 18 Yr 19 Yr 20 Yr 21
7.0 Yr 22
: Yr 23
3.0 Yr 24
240.00 579.42 688.03 20.00 80.00 2.87 9.75 30.00 10.00 853.28 987.95 976.13
240.00 579.42 688.03 20.00 80.00 2.87 9.75 30.00 10.00 853.28 987.95 976.13
240.00 579.42 688.03 20.00 80.00 2.87 9.75 30.00 10.00 853.28 987.95 976.13
240.00 579.42 688.03 20.00 80.00 2.87 9.75 30.00 10.00 853.28 987.95 976.13
240.00 579.42 688.03 20.00 80.00 2.87 9.75 30.00 10.00 853.28 987.95 976.13
240.00 579.42 688.03 20.00 80.00 2.87 9.75 30.00 10.00 853.28 987.95 976.13
240.00 579.42 688.03 20.00 80.00 2.87 9.75 30.00 10.00 853.28 987.95 976.13
240.00 579.42 688.03 20.00 80.00 2.87 9.75 30.00 10.00 853.28 987.95 976.13
240.00 579.42 688.03 20.00 80.00 2.87 9.75 30.00 10.00 853.28 987.95 976.13
240.00 579.42 688.03 20.00 80.00 2.87 9.75 30.00 10.00 853.28 987.95 976.13
240.00 579.42 688.03 20.00 80.00 2.87 9.75 30.00 10.00 853.28 987.95 976.13
240.00 579.42 688.03 20.00 80.00 2.87 9.75 30.00 10.00 853.28 987.95 976.13
Period Financial Inst.
Repayment 10
Moratorium 0
Installment/yr. 1
55.04
5.75
5/12
Annexure - 13.3
Debt:Equity Ratio Yr 13 Yr 14 Yr 15 Yr 16 Yr 17 Yr 18 Yr 19 Yr 20 Yr 21
7.0 Yr 22
: Yr 23
3.0 Yr 24
Year
13 1.50 5.00 16.00 3.50 25.00 1.38 0.70 0.50
14 1.50 5.00 16.00 3.50 25.00 1.38 0.70 0.50
15 1.50 5.00 16.00 3.50 25.00 1.38 0.70 0.50
16 1.50 5.00 16.00 3.50 25.00 1.38 0.70 0.50
17 1.50 5.00 16.00 3.50 25.00 1.38 0.70 0.50
18 1.50 5.00 16.00 3.50 25.00 1.38 0.70 0.50
19 1.50 5.00 16.00 3.50 25.00 1.38 0.70 0.50
20 1.50 5.00 16.00 3.50 25.00 1.38 0.70 0.50
21 1.50 5.00 16.00 3.50 25.00 1.38 0.70 0.50
22 1.50 5.00 16.00 3.50 25.00 1.38 0.70 0.50
23 1.50 5.00 16.00 3.50 25.00 1.38 0.70 0.50
24 1.50 5.00 16.00 3.50 25.00 1.38 0.70 0.50
Year
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
0.00 0.00 550.43 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 550.43 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 550.43 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 550.43 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 550.43 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 550.43 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 550.43 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 550.43 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 550.43 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 550.43 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 550.43 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 550.43 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
6/12
Annexure - 13.3
Debt:Equity Ratio Yr 13 RATE OF RETURN Equity amount Return on Equity O & M EXPENSES INTEREST ON WORKING CAPITAL WORKING CAPITAL O & M Expenses - 1 month Spares 1 year - 1/5th cap spares Receivables for 2 months DEP(ES Act) Interest Return on Equity O&M I.Tax Interest on W.C. Total Working capital Interest on Working Capital Yr 14 Yr 15 Yr 16 Yr 17 Yr 18 Yr 19 Yr 20 Yr 21
7.0 Yr 22
: Yr 23
3.0 Yr 24
137.61 22.02 18.53
137.61 22.02 19.46
137.61 22.02 20.43
137.61 22.02 21.46
137.61 22.02 22.53
137.61 22.02 23.65
137.61 22.02 24.84
137.61 22.02 26.08
137.61 22.02 27.38
137.61 22.02 28.75
137.61 22.02 30.19
137.61 22.02 31.70
1.54 1.38 4.01 0.00 3.67 3.09 0.00 0.17 13.86 1.35
1.62 1.38 4.01 0.00 3.67 3.24 1.96 0.19 16.08 1.57
1.70 1.38 4.01 0.00 3.67 3.41 3.46 0.21 17.84 1.74
1.79 1.38 4.01 0.00 3.67 3.58 3.46 0.22 18.10 1.76
1.88 1.38 4.01 0.00 3.67 3.75 3.46 0.22 18.37 1.79
1.97 1.38 4.01 0.00 3.67 3.94 3.46 0.22 18.65 1.82
2.07 1.38 4.01 0.00 3.67 4.14 3.46 0.23 18.95 1.85
2.17 1.38 4.01 0.00 3.67 4.35 3.46 0.23 19.27 1.88
2.28 1.38 4.01 0.00 3.67 4.56 3.46 0.24 19.60 1.91
2.40 1.38 4.01 0.00 3.67 4.79 3.46 0.24 19.94 1.94
2.52 1.38 4.01 0.00 3.67 5.03 3.46 0.24 20.31 1.98
2.64 1.38 4.01 0.00 3.67 5.28 3.46 0.25 20.69 2.02
330.26 -106.65 24.08 -82.56 0.00 0.00 0.00 -82.56 24.08 330.26
306.17 -82.56 24.08 -58.48 0.00 0.00 0.00 -58.48 24.08 306.17
282.09 -58.48 24.08 -34.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 -34.40 24.08 282.09
258.01 -34.40 24.08 -10.32 0.00 0.00 0.00 -10.32 24.08 258.01
233.93 -10.32 24.08 13.76 0.00 0.00 0.00 13.76 24.08 233.93
209.85 13.76 24.08 37.84 0.00 0.00 0.00 37.84 24.08 209.85
185.77 37.84 24.08 61.92 0.00 0.00 0.00 61.92 24.08 185.77
161.69 61.92 24.08 86.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 86.00 24.08 161.69
137.61 86.00 24.08 110.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 110.09 24.08 137.61
113.53 110.09 24.08 134.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 134.17 24.08 113.53
89.44 134.17 24.08 158.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 158.25 24.08 89.44
65.36 158.25 24.08 182.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 182.33 24.08 65.36
21.79 5.45 0.00
16.35 4.09 0.00
12.26 3.06 0.00
9.19 2.30 0.00
6.90 1.72 0.00
5.17 1.29 0.00
3.88 0.97 0.00
2.91 0.73 0.00
2.18 0.55 0.00
1.64 0.41 0.00
1.23 0.31 0.00
0.92 0.23 0.00
7/12
Annexure - 13.3
Debt:Equity Ratio Yr 13 TAX LIABILITY (INR crores) Yearly Profit/loss Cummulative Profit/loss (+/-) Tax liability CAPACITY AND ENERGY CHARGES Annual Capacity Charge (INR crores) Annual Energy Charge (INR crores) Total Annual Charge (INR crores) Average Tariff (INR/kWh) Average Tariff for 5 years (INR/kWh) Discount rate (%) Discounted Average Tariff (INR/kWh) Levellised Eq.Avg. Tariff (INR/kWh) 12.00 / Year Yr 14 Yr 15 Yr 16 Yr 17 Yr 18 Yr 19 Yr 20 Yr 21
7.0 Yr 22
: Yr 23
3.0 Yr 24
46.10 -19.95 0.00
46.10 26.15 11.77
46.10 72.24 20.74
46.10 118.34 20.74
46.10 164.44 20.74
46.10 210.54 20.74
46.10 256.64 20.74
46.10 302.73 20.74
46.10 348.83 20.74
46.10 394.93 20.74
46.10 441.03 20.74
46.10 487.13 20.74
24.08 41.90 65.98 0.68
24.08 54.81 78.89 0.81
24.08 64.93 89.02 0.91
24.08 65.98 90.06 0.92 0.95 16 0.17
24.08 67.08 91.16 0.93
24.08 68.23 92.32 0.95
24.08 69.45 93.53 0.96
24.08 70.72 94.80 0.97
24.08 72.06 96.14 0.98 1.02 21 0.10
24.08 73.46 97.54 1.00
24.08 74.93 99.01 1.01
24.08 76.48 100.56 1.03
13 0.17
14 0.19
15 0.19
17 0.15
18 0.14
19 0.12
20 0.11
22 0.09
23 0.08
24 0.08
8/12
Annexure - 13.3
7.0 Yr 25 BASIC PARAMETERS Capacity (MW) Capital Cost (INR crores) Capital Cost with IDC . Equity Portion (%) Debt Portion (%) Capital Cost/MW (INR crores) Interest rate for WC (%) Tax rate (%) Interest rate on loan from Financial Institutions (%) Total annual energy (GWh) Design energy with 90% dependibility (GWh) Saleable Energy after aux. (GWh) consumption & transformation losses FINANCIAL PACKAGE (INR crores) Loan Component Fin. Institutions Equity component 206.41 550.43 137.61 688.0 550.4 Yr 26 Yr 27 Yr 28 Yr 29 Yr 30 Yr 31 Yr 32 Yr 33
: Yr 34
3.0 Yr 35
240.00 579.42 688.03 20.00 80.00 2.87 9.75 30.00 10.00 853.28 987.95 976.13
240.00 579.42 688.03 20.00 80.00 2.87 9.75 30.00 10.00 853.28 987.95 976.13
240.00 579.42 688.03 20.00 80.00 2.87 9.75 30.00 10.00 853.28 987.95 976.13
240.00 579.42 688.03 20.00 80.00 2.87 9.75 30.00 10.00 853.28 987.95 976.13
240.00 579.42 688.03 20.00 80.00 2.87 9.75 30.00 10.00 853.28 987.95 976.13
240.00 579.42 688.03 20.00 80.00 2.87 9.75 30.00 10.00 853.28 987.95 976.13
240.00 579.42 688.03 20.00 80.00 2.87 9.75 30.00 10.00 853.28 987.95 976.13
240.00 579.42 688.03 20.00 80.00 2.87 9.75 30.00 10.00 853.28 987.95 976.13
240.00 579.42 688.03 20.00 80.00 2.87 9.75 30.00 10.00 853.28 987.95 976.13
240.00 579.42 688.03 20.00 80.00 2.87 9.75 30.00 10.00 853.28 987.95 976.13
240.00 579.42 688.03 20.00 80.00 2.87 9.75 30.00 10.00 853.28 987.95 976.13
Period Financial Inst.
Repayment 10
Moratorium 0
Installment/yr. 1
55.04
5.75
9/12
Annexure - 13.3
7.0 Yr 25 Yr 26 Yr 27 Yr 28 Yr 29 Yr 30 Yr 31 Yr 32 Yr 33
: Yr 34
3.0 Yr 35
Year
25 1.50 5.00 16.00 3.50 25.00 1.38 0.70 0.50
26 1.50 5.00 16.00 3.50 25.00 1.38 0.70 0.50
27 1.50 5.00 16.00 3.50 25.00 1.38 0.70 0.50
28 1.50 5.00 16.00 3.50 25.00 1.38 0.70 0.50
29 1.50 5.00 16.00 3.50 25.00 1.38 0.70 0.50
30 1.50 5.00 16.00 3.50 25.00 1.38 0.70 0.50
31 1.50 5.00 16.00 3.50 25.00 1.38 0.70 0.50
32 1.50 5.00 16.00 3.50 25.00 1.38 0.70 0.50
33 1.50 5.00 16.00 3.50 25.00 1.38 0.70 0.50
34 1.50 5.00 16.00 3.50 25.00 1.38 0.70 0.50
35 1.50 5.00 16.00 3.50 25.00 1.38 0.70 0.50
Year
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
0.00 0.00 550.43 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 550.43 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 550.43 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 550.43 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 550.43 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 550.43 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 550.43 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 550.43 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 550.43 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 550.43 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 550.43 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
10/12
Annexure - 13.3
7.0 Yr 25 RATE OF RETURN Equity amount Return on Equity O & M EXPENSES INTEREST ON WORKING CAPITAL WORKING CAPITAL O & M Expenses - 1 month Spares 1 year - 1/5th cap spares Receivables for 2 months DEP(ES Act) Interest Return on Equity O&M I.Tax Interest on W.C. Total Working capital Interest on Working Capital Yr 26 Yr 27 Yr 28 Yr 29 Yr 30 Yr 31 Yr 32 Yr 33
: Yr 34
3.0 Yr 35
137.61 22.02 33.28
137.61 22.02 34.95
137.61 22.02 36.70
137.61 22.02 38.53
137.61 22.02 40.46
137.61 22.02 42.48
137.61 22.02 44.60
137.61 22.02 46.83
137.61 22.02 49.18
137.61 22.02 51.64
137.61 22.02 54.22
2.77 1.38 4.01 0.00 3.67 5.55 3.46 0.25 21.09 2.06
2.91 1.38 2.87 0.00 3.67 5.82 2.94 0.24 19.83 1.93
3.06 1.38 0.00 0.00 3.67 6.12 1.65 0.19 16.06 1.57
3.21 1.38 0.00 0.00 3.67 6.42 1.65 0.20 16.53 1.61
3.37 1.38 0.00 0.00 3.67 6.74 1.65 0.20 17.02 1.66
3.54 1.38 0.00 0.00 3.67 7.08 1.65 0.21 17.53 1.71
3.72 1.38 0.00 0.00 3.67 7.43 1.65 0.22 18.07 1.76
3.90 1.38 0.00 0.00 3.67 7.81 1.65 0.22 18.63 1.82
4.10 1.38 0.00 0.00 3.67 8.20 1.65 0.23 19.22 1.87
4.30 1.38 0.00 0.00 3.67 8.61 1.65 0.24 19.84 1.93
4.52 1.38 0.00 0.00 3.67 9.04 1.65 0.25 20.50 2.00
41.28 182.33 24.08 206.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 206.41 24.08 41.28
17.20 206.41 17.20 223.61 0.00 0.00 0.00 223.61 17.20 17.20
0.00 223.61 0.00 223.61 0.00 0.00 0.00 223.61 0.00 0.00
0.00 223.61 0.00 223.61 0.00 0.00 0.00 223.61 0.00 0.00
0.00 223.61 0.00 223.61 0.00 0.00 0.00 223.61 0.00 0.00
0.00 223.61 0.00 223.61 0.00 0.00 0.00 223.61 0.00 0.00
0.00 223.61 0.00 223.61 0.00 0.00 0.00 223.61 0.00 0.00
0.00 223.61 0.00 223.61 0.00 0.00 0.00 223.61 0.00 0.00
0.00 223.61 0.00 223.61 0.00 0.00 0.00 223.61 0.00 0.00
0.00 223.61 0.00 223.61 0.00 0.00 0.00 223.61 0.00 0.00
0.00 223.61 0.00 223.61 0.00 0.00 0.00 223.61 0.00 0.00
0.69 0.17 0.00
0.52 0.13 0.00
0.39 0.10 0.00
0.29 0.07 0.00
0.22 0.05 0.00
0.16 0.04 0.00
0.12 0.03 0.00
0.09 0.02 0.00
0.07 0.02 0.00
0.05 0.01 0.00
0.04 0.01 0.00
11/12
Annexure - 13.3
7.0 Yr 25 TAX LIABILITY (INR crores) Yearly Profit/loss Cummulative Profit/loss (+/-) Tax liability CAPACITY AND ENERGY CHARGES Annual Capacity Charge (INR crores) Annual Energy Charge (INR crores) Total Annual Charge (INR crores) Average Tariff (INR/kWh) Average Tariff for 5 years (INR/kWh) Discount rate (%) Discounted Average Tariff (INR/kWh) Levellised Eq.Avg. Tariff (INR/kWh) 12.00 / Year Yr 26 Yr 27 Yr 28 Yr 29 Yr 30 Yr 31 Yr 32 Yr 33
: Yr 34
3.0 Yr 35
46.10 533.23 20.74
39.22 572.44 17.65
22.02 594.46 9.91
22.02 616.48 9.91
22.02 638.49 9.91
22.02 660.51 9.91
22.02 682.53 9.91
22.02 704.55 9.91
22.02 726.56 9.91
22.02 748.58 9.91
22.02 770.60 9.91
24.08 78.10 102.18 1.05
17.20 76.55 93.75 0.96 0.79 26 0.06
0.00 70.19 70.19 0.72
0.00 72.07 72.07 0.74
0.00 74.04 74.04 0.76
0.00 76.11 76.11 0.78
0.00 78.29 78.29 0.80 0.85 31 0.03
0.00 80.58 80.58 0.83
0.00 82.98 82.98 0.85
0.00 85.49 85.49 0.88
0.00 88.14 88.14 0.90
25 0.07
27 0.04
28 0.03
29 0.03
30 0.03
32 0.02
33 0.02
34 0.02
35 0.02
12/12

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PFR STUDIES OF CHHUNGER CHAL HE PROJECT

CHAPTER I EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

PFR STUDIES OF CHHUNGER CHAL HE PROJECT

PFR STUDIES OF CHHUNGER CHAL HE PROJECT

Particulars Annual Energy Generation

90% Dependable Year

50% Dependable Year

PFR STUDIES OF CHHUNGER CHAL HE PROJECT

Electro Mechanical Works : Sub total :

PFR STUDIES OF CHHUNGER CHAL HE PROJECT

PFR STUDIES OF CHHUNGUR CHAL HE PROJECT

CHAPTER - II BACKGROUND INFORMATION

PFR STUDIES OF CHHUNGUR CHAL HE PROJECT

the total population of India.

The percentage of villages having population

PFR STUDIES OF CHHUNGUR CHAL HE PROJECT

NECESSITY OF HYDRO POWER DEVELOPMENT IN UTTARANCHAL

PFR STUDIES OF CHHUNGUR CHAL HE PROJECT

PFR STUDIES OF CHHUNGUR CHAL HE PROJECT

Tapovan MW) Bowala MW)

(360 viii (132 ix x xi xii xiii

PFR STUDIES OF CHHUNGUR CHAL HE PROJECT

CHAPTER-III PROJECT AREA

45' E. This is a glacial and snowfed river and

PFR STUDIES OF CHHUNGUR CHAL HE PROJECT

PFR STUDIES OF CHHUNGUR CHAL HE PROJECT

As FRL (m) 3280 2780 2470 N.A. Dropped 1597.0

WAPCOS TWL (m) 2780 2470 2200 N.A. because 1330.0 of

3200 2800 2480 2200 1620

Dhauliganga Stage II.

just downstream of confluence of Horba Yankti with

PFR STUDIES OF CHHUNGUR CHAL HE PROJECT

and is led to respective desilting

PFR STUDIES OF CHHUNGUR CHAL HE PROJECT

PFR STUDIES OF CHHUNGUR CHAL HE PROJECT

CHAPTER-IV TOPOGRAPHIC AND GEOTECHNICAL ASPECTS

PFR STUDIES OF CHHUNGUR CHAL HE PROJECT

porphyroblastic gneisses and schists which

PFR STUDIES OF CHHUNGUR CHAL HE PROJECT

Dar Martoli Fault demarcates

PFR STUDIES OF CHHUNGUR CHAL HE PROJECT

include biotite schist, gneisses, micaceous quartzite,

calsilicate rock with

PFR STUDIES OF CHHUNGUR CHAL HE PROJECT

PFR STUDIES OF CHHUNGER CHAL HE PROJECT

WATER AVAILABILITY STUDIES

PFR STUDIES OF CHHUNGER CHAL HE PROJECT

PFR STUDIES OF CHHUNGER CHAL HE PROJECT

PFR STUDIES OF CHHUNGER CHAL HE PROJECT

PFR STUDIES OF CHHUNGER CHAL HE PROJECT

PFR STUDIES OF CHHUNGER CHAL HE PROJECT

PFR STUDIES OF CHHUNGER CHAL HE PROJECT

PFR STUDIES OF CHHUNGER CHAL HE PROJECT

PFR STUDIES OF CHHUNGER CHAL HE PROJECT

DESIGN FLOOD STUDIES

PFR STUDIES OF CHHUNGER CHAL HE PROJECT

L.L c 0.972 S 1.769 0.189 (W50 )

PFR STUDIES OF CHHUNGER CHAL HE PROJECT