Ashby Materials Selection Charts

Material and process selection charts 419 1000r--------------------r-,------~--~~r_~~_r~------~--~ 1.
Modulus-Density
Youngs Modulus E (G '" 3E/8; K"'E.)
MFA:88·91
as
Q.
~
lU ui
10
.2
:I "0
~
(fJ
g>
~
:I
1.0 1177777.11"7::~"7"7"7777''''
0.1
10
30
Material and process selection charts 421
10000~~~~~~~--------~-'----'---~~~~~-r~------~--~ 2. Strength-Density
Metal and Polymers: Yield Strength Ceramics and Glasses: Compressive Strength Elastomers: Tensile Tear Strength Composites: Tensile Failure
Guide Lines for Minimum Weight Design
p=C
0.1 0.1
of13/
"
1
"
j,=C
P 3
1/2/
10
30
Density p(Mg/m3)
3. Fracture Toughness-Density
Data for K,c Vali~ Below 10 MPa mV2 Above 10 MPa nf2 for Ranking Only
MFA:BB-91
'::c:.I/) I/)
C,,)
Q)
Engineering Ceramics
0.01L-__ 0.1
-'-_-L---JL....-.L.....JI.-J......1_L...I..
0.3
L....--:~....1--'-....1-J-..I_!.;~---.--~ 3 10
30
Density p (Mg/m3)
Material and process selection charts
425
100
/
/ /
at =10-3 E
'J--.....,j,--O.--_+--~
Max. Energy Storage per Unit Volume Buckling before Yield
0.01 0.1
10 Strength
a,
100 (MPa)
1000
10000
l000r-----------~--__----._~~~~r_-r~~~~~~~~~
5. Specific Modulus-Specific Strength
Metals and Polymers: Yield Strength Ceramics and Glasses: Compressive Strength Elastomers: Tear Strength Composites: Tensile Strength
/
Engineering/ Ceramics"'""'l
/ ..... ~
I
- I'X ~, ,;'
I
l00t=~Mmin~.1E~n~e~rg~Yl:l=========~~~ Storage per Unit Weight Yield before Buckling
""
~= 10-3
Oi
0.1
0.01
0.1
10
100
1000
10000
Specific Strength at Ip (M PaI(Mg/m3))
429
1000r-~~~--~~----------r-~~-rTT~r-~~-rTT~~~~~~~ 6. Fracture Toughness-Modulus
Ktc? G,c"'y
/
MFA:88·91
" ""
/ / / /
"
100b-----------+-----------/~---------~~~~---------,
"
~N
E
CIS
a,
6
c: s:
::::I CIJ CIJ CD
10
_Jf. (kJ/m2
I. ~- \ci:F
o
C)
.".
~/ ."." / /
/ /
~ CD ....
LL.
/.~ \\j
/ .....
o
::::I
l!!
0.1
Lower Threshold for ~c
0.01~~~~~~~--~~~~~--~~~~~---.~-..0.01 0.1 1 10 Youngs Modulus, E (GPa)
..~~--~-.~~ 100
1000
1000r---~--------------------rT~-rrM~--~~~rn~--~~~rM~ 7. Fracture Toughness-Strength

Metals and Polymers: Yield Strength Ceramics and Glasses: Compressive Composites: Tensile Strength Strength
100e-
Process Zone Diameter
r-
'" K,~/7rUf
~M~~~A~;8~8-~9~1~------~
10
100
1000
10000
Strength at (MPa)

10
8. Loss Coefficient-Modulus
'1 = 1/0 = O/2rrU = tan (,
MFA: 88-91
P
o ('I)
~ 10-
b--==~~=====----l--\:
'iii
" nglneenng E'· . Ceramics (Crack-Free)
Glasses
10-1
10
Young's Modulus, E (GPa)
" "" " ""
,-
"
,-
,-/'
"
0.1
Elastomers
,106 0.01 '-:-8 10-
,-
,-
"
"'
"
--'---JL....L....L..L.l.J.JU-_..L..-..J.....L..L..L..LJL..LI._.....r........r.....uL..U...u.J 10-7 10-6
10-5
__J._..J....J....I..J...LJ.I.L-_.l-...L....iL...L..LJ..I..iJ 10-4
10-3
Thermal
Diffusivity,
a (m2/s)
437
10. Expansion-Conductivity
Contours: ~a (W/m)
MFA:88·91
~(W/m)
'103
/
;' ;' ;' ;' ;' ;'
/
;'
104
/
;' ;' ;' ;'
;'
105
1000 I
I
.-..
;;;0
T""
En!i!ineering Polymers
/ /
/
/
;' ;'
;' ;' ;' ;'
;' ;'
~
c
CD
/
;'
100
:e CD
0
·0
U
0 ·en c
!IS
10
;' ;' ;'
;'
a. ><
....
;'
;' ;'
:.:J
!IS CD C
104
;'
;'
;'
;'
;'
;' ;' ;' ;' ;' ;'

;'
/ 105
106
107 1 10 Thermal Conductivity A (W/mK) 100 1000
0.1 0.01
0.1
11 . Expansion-Modulus
Contours: Thermal Stress/"K (MPalK)
, , ,
MFA:88·91
, ,
1.0
, ,
, ,
10
, ,
, ,
, , ,
, ,
Engineering' Polymers
,,
",
, ,
", ,
-,
... c:
iE
OJ
"',,
"'
·0
OJ
·iii
c: o c:
til 0. X
...
til OJ
c: :::i
-.
"
SiO'-8
=
Invar
aE (MPalK)
0.01
-,
0.1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
0.01 0.1
"' ,,
100
-,
,,
,
1000
1.0
10
Youngs Modulus, E (GPa)
10
12: Strength-Expansion
Metals and Polymers: Ultimate Strength Ceramics: Modulus of Rupture Composites: Tensile Strength Contours: Thermal Shock Resistance Parameter (See Text) MFA:88-91
Bl1T=10000°C
/ / / /
"'"
100°C
Lu ......
\)
s: ....
10-1
Cl
en
Q) ... ....
'0
.!!l
Q)
iii E 10-2 ...

Z
0
"
"
"" "
"
""
"
""
"
" ""
"
,,"'Porous Ceramics
'"
""
"
10-4L-~~~~~~--L-~~~n_--~~~~~--~~~~UL--~~~UU~ 0.1 10 100 Linear Expansion Coefficient (10-6 K-1 )
1000
10000
Temperature (C)
10000~~~
13. Strength-Temperature
__ TO~=-
1~0~0~2~0~0 ~30~0,__4,0~0 __ __ __ ~~6~0~0~~80rO~~10~0~0 __,-_1~4rO~0~~ Porous CeramIcs

Engineering Ceramics
Metals and Polymers: Yield Strength at Temp. Ceramics: Compression Strength. Composites: Tensile Strength at Temperature. MFA:88-91
~
......
(J) ._
C? n,
100
0 .....
::J
~ ~
Q.
(J)
s:
C/)
CO
10
c
(J) ._
0)
0.1 200
300
400
600
800
1000
1400
2000
Temperature T (K)
t_~==~~~~~~~==::~~i!~~~:: __
r
14. Modulus-Relative
Youngs Modulus E
Cost
~~~~~~::~~~erme,t/~1
I I I
I I
,
I
, ,
/ /
I I
t/
1/ 1/ 1/ /
I/ II I/
0.01~~~~~~~~--~~.u~~~~~~~--~~~~~--~~-u~ 0.1 10
100
1000
10000
Relative Cost per Unit Volume CRP (Mg/m3)
447
10000~~~~~~n---~~~~nT~-r-r~nn~--~~~~~~~~~-r~ 15. Strength - Relative Cost

Metals and POlymers: Yield Strength Ceramics and Glasses: Compressive Elastomers: Tensile Tear Strength Strength
Enqineering
MFA
ompoSltes:
'li
ens I e
'I F 'I
al ure
1000 1----------------------..
Glasses
-=-l.
::_!:
,lI.lIoys
_ .....
~:-_:=;;~;;~~~~:
I I
/
Composites
- 1001----.
I
I
5 e.J:.
Q) ._
8!.
C
0,
U5
tf/ /,f /11 / II / II /I // /1 /

/
/1/
I I // 11/ II
II
/1
I /
II
/I
0.1L-~~~~~L-~~~~~~-~~~~~-~~~~10~0~0-~~-U~1~0000 0.1 10 100 Relative Cost/Unit Volume
CR P (Mg/m3)

-10
449
10
r-------------,---------------r-------------------------16. Wear Rate - Hardness

Contours: Wear Rate at Given P/Pmax
___
10-
11
,,:-----------:--r-------------1---------------r--------------I
~
.... .......
kaH=10-4
CII
Z ".l(
.s
o
Q)
10
-13
c:
Q)
-...
<11
~
10
-14
III
II)
c:
c:
III
10
-15
III
3:
-17
10
~-------------+------------~~--------------+_------------~
Hardness H (MPa)
451
17. Modulus - Energy Content

Youngs Modulus, E
MFA/gO
a..
!1S
lU
10
ui
:;
"C
::::I
IIJ C)
?-
c: 1.0 ::::I
0.01 ~_.~~~~~~~~~~~--~~ 0.1
10
.. ~~~_.~~ 100
.. ~~~~~~~~ 1000
10000
Energy Content, qp (GJ/m3)
453
1o,ooo....------------r-...,--;-1""'T'"T"TTTT"'--r-.,.-,'""'MrTT"~'='= 18. Strength Energy Content

Metals and Polymers: Yield Ceramics and Glasses: Compression Elastomers: Tear Strength Composites: Tensile Strength
MFA/90
__,......,.'"T""TTTT"'I
0.1L-~~~~~~~~~~~1~0--~~~~1~0~0--~~~wu~1~00~0~~~~~10000 0.1 Energy Content, qp (GJ/m3)

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Material and process selection charts 419 1000r--------------------r-,------~--~~r_~~_r~------~--~ 1.

Material and process selection charts 421

Guide Lines for Minimum Weight Design

Material and process selection charts 423

Material and process selection charts

Max. Energy Storage per Unit Volume Buckling before Yield

Material and process selection charts 427

l00t=~Mmin~.1E~n~e~rg~Yl:l=========~~~ Storage per Unit Weight Yield before Buckling

Specific Strength at Ip (M PaI(Mg/m3))

Material and process selection charts

1000r-~~~--~~----------r-~~-rTT~r-~~-rTT~~~~~~~ 6. Fracture Toughness-Modulus

Lower Threshold for ~c

0.01~~~~~~~--~~~~~--~~~~~---.~-..0.01 0.1 1 10 Youngs Modulus, E (GPa)

Material and process selection charts 431

1000r---~--------------------rT~-rrM~--~~~rn~--~~~rM~ 7. Fracture Toughness-Strength

Process Zone Diameter

Material and process selection charts 433

" nglneenng E'· . Ceramics (Crack-Free)

Young's Modulus, E (GPa)

Material and process selection charts 435

" "" " ""

,106 0.01 '-:-8 10-

--'---JL....L....L..L.l.J.JU-_..L..-..J.....L..L..L..LJL..LI._.....r........r.....uL..U...u.J 10-7 10-6

Material and process selection charts

;' ;' ;' ;' ;' ;'

107 1 10 Thermal Conductivity A (W/mK) 100 1000

Material and process selection charts 439

Youngs Modulus, E (GPa)

Material and process selection charts 441

iii E 10-2 ...

10-4L-~~~~~~--L-~~~n_--~~~~~--~~~~UL--~~~UU~ 0.1 10 100 Linear Expansion Coefficient (10-6 K-1 )

Material and process selection charts 443

1~0~0~2~0~0 ~30~0,__4,0~0 __ __ __ ~~6~0~0~~80rO~~10~0~0 __,-_1~4rO~0~~ Porous CeramIcs

Material and process selection charts 445

Relative Cost per Unit Volume CRP (Mg/m3)

Material and process selection charts

10000~~~~~~n---~~~~nT~-r-r~nn~--~~~~~~~~~-r~ 15. Strength - Relative Cost

tf/ /,f /11 / II / II /I // /1 /

0.1L-~~~~~L-~~~~~~-~~~~~-~~~~10~0~0-~~-U~1~0000 0.1 10 100 Relative Cost/Unit Volume

Material and process selection charts

r-------------,---------------r-------------------------16. Wear Rate - Hardness

Material and process selection charts

17. Modulus - Energy Content

0.01 ~_.~~~~~~~~~~~--~~ 0.1

Energy Content, qp (GJ/m3)

Material and process selection charts

1o,ooo....------------r-...,--;-1""'T'"T"TTTT"'--r-.,.-,'""'MrTT"~'='= 18. Strength Energy Content

0.1L-~~~~~~~~~~~1~0--~~~~1~0~0--~~~wu~1~00~0~~~~~10000 0.1 Energy Content, qp (GJ/m3)

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Material and process selection charts 419 1000r--------------------r-,------~--r__r~------~--~ 1.

1000r-~------------r-~~-rTT~r--rTT~~~~~ 6. Fracture Toughness-Modulus

0.01~~~~~--~--~~~---.~-..0.01 0.1 1 10 Youngs Modulus, E (GPa)

10-4L-~~~~--L-~n_--~~~--UL--~UU~ 0.1 10 100 Linear Expansion Coefficient (10-6 K-1 )

1~0~0~2~0~0 ~30~0,4,0~0 ~~6~0~080rO10~0~0 __,-_1~4rO~0~~ Porous CeramIcs

10000~~n---nT~-r-r~nn~--~~~~~~~~~-r~ 15. Strength - Relative Cost

0.1L-~L--~-~~10~0~0-~~-U~1~0000 0.1 10 100 Relative Cost/Unit Volume

0.01 ~_.~~~~~~~~~-- 0.1