Dry cleaning products analysed and tested at the Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands (RCE)

Henk van Keulen, Suzan de Groot, Marjolein Groot Wassink, Ineke Joosten, Maude Daudin, Amsterdam, October 2009-December 2012

This table lists a range of cleaning products that may be used by paintings conservators. Except for the PVA sponges all products were tested dry. The products were obtained from the suppliers mentioned. The chemical content of the products was analysed. The residues on or in the surface of an oil paint layer were investigated. The handling and cleaning power of the products were assessed based on tests performed on unvarnished aged oil paint layers. Special attention should be given to the remarks in the red rectangles; these concern specific remarks or concerns regarding the use of the products. Part of this table will be published in an article in preparation by Maude Daudin, Madeleine Bisschoff, Henk van Keulen, Marjolein Groot Wassink, Suzan de Groot, Ineke Joosten, Maarten van Bommel and Klaas Jan van den Berg Disclaimer: All information in this table, from literature and our own experiments, were gathered with the best of the authors' knowledge. RCE nor the contributors to this table will be held responsible for any faults or problems that might arise from the use of this information. RCE intends to keep this table updated regularly and to spread practical knowledge through workshops led by Ms. Maude Daudin. We welcome your feedback on this table. For more information about this RCE project please contact the project leader Klaas Jan van den Berg; [email protected].
last update: February 2013

cleaning product (year of purchase)

composition according to supplier / manufacturer

composition
analysed by: (py)-GCMS; (M)aterial, (E)xtractable FTIR SEM/EDS

residues on paint surface

properties and handling remarks

cleaning results potential hazards

abrasion polishing

organic compounds (GCMS) few particles (0-5 per cm2) Rubbery texture; excellent contact with paint layer; sponge surface oxidizes and becomes hard and unusable.

intact paint layer

vulcanised natural rubber mild soap (60 mg/kg)

isoprene rubber (M) sulphur compound (E) chalk

very efficient local & general dirt removal, even result.

abrasion 1 polishing 4

Conservation by Design Limited Akapad weich (2006) Art. No 4101 styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) (M) vulcanized castor oil (M) antioxidant NG-2246 (E) Akachemie Deffner&Johann Akapad white (2006) Art. No 4151 Akachemie Deffner&Johann styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) (M) vulcanized castor oil (M) antioxidant NG-2246 (E)

no compounds detected many particles (> 50 per cm ), difficult to remove

special filled vulcanised latex

Rubbery texture; self consuming material; soft; orange colouration on gloves after use.

very efficient local & general dirt removal, even result.

abrasion 1

no compounds detected many particles (> 50 per cm2), difficult to remove

polishing 1

special filled vulcanised latex

Rubbery texture; self consuming material; more compact than Akapad Weich.

very efficient local & general dirt removal, even result.

erasers

abrasion 1

no compounds detected
2

polishing 1

BIC, Galet (2009)

synthetic rubber

factis (vulcanised vegetable oil) (M) chalk

many particles (> 50 per cm ), difficult to remove

Rubbery texture; self consuming material; inadequate for paint surfaces

efficient local dirt removal, uneven result

BIC local store draft clean powder DCP3 (2004)

solvent extraction not performed SEM/EDS analysis not performed sulphur vulcanized vegetable oil (M) talcum not analysed many particles (> 50 per cm ), difficult to remove
2

abrasion 8 polishing 7

Soy bean oil fiber particles (90%) talcum powder (10%) neutral PH

Rubbery texture; use with cotton pad or brush to avoid uneven cleaning and

rather efficient general dirt removal, uneven result

Conservation by Design Limited Archival Aids Gomme crpe (2009)

Sulphur present

solvent extraction not performed not analysed isoprene rubber (M) few particles (< 0-10 per cm2)

polishing.

abrasion 1 polishing 3

erasers

natural filtered latex

Rigid; unflexable material too hard to be used on paint surfaces.

not efficient dirt removal, uneven result

solvent extraction not performed Stouls not analysed several particles (10-50 per cm2)

abrasion 8 polishing 8

Magic rub (2006)

no information

poly vinyl chloride (PVC) (M) di-isooctyl isophthalate (DIOIP) (E) methyl-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) (E)

Rubbery texture; self consuming material.

very efficient local dirt removal, uneven result.

Sanford

diethyleneglycol-dibenzoate (E) chalk plasticizers several particles (10-50 per cm2)

abrasion 5 polishing 4

Edding R10 (2006)

plastic (PVC) eraser

poly vinyl chloride (PVC) (M) di-isooctyl phthalate (DIOP) (E)

Rigid; difficult to handle; too hard to be used on paint surfaces.

very efficient local dirt removal, uneven result.

Edding local stationer Pentel ZF11 (2009) no information poly vinyl chloride (PVC) (M) phthalates (DIOP) (DMP) (MEHP) (E) butoxytriglycol, dioctylazelate (DOZ) (E) Pentel Stouls Staedler Mars plastic (2011) chalk SEM/EDS analysis not performed poly vinyl chloride (PVC) (M) plasticizer: mixture of long chain alkane, phenyl carbonates (E) Staedtler local stationer FTIR analysis not performed SEM/EDS analysis not performed

plasticizer to be expected not analysed few particles (0-10 per cm2) Relatively hard material; more flexible than the magic rub. plasticizers to be expected not analysed several particles (10-50 per cm2)observation from workshops only plasticizers to be expected not analysed

very efficient local dirt removal, uneven result.

phthalate and latex free

Relatively hard material; comparable to the Pentel ZF11.

very efficient local dirt removal, uneven result. only tested during workshops

Groom/stick (2004) molecular trap

natural rubber

isoprene rubber (M) chalk

film of groom/stick (microscopy).

Very sticky, mouldable; picks up dirt. Rolled around wooden stick

rather efficient local dirt removal, uneven result

Picreator Enterprises Ltd. Conservation Resources Absorene (2009) white spirit (M) starch (M) no compounds detected

for convenient use.

abrasion 1 polishing 1

no information

film of absorene (microscopy).

Quite sticky, mouldable Use fresh only. To be rolled with hands

rather efficient local & general dirt removal, uneven result.

mouldable materials

Paper and book cleaner

Absorene Company Inc Absorene Company Inc Kneedgum (2009) Pelikan GE 20 Pelikan local stationer Kneedgum (2009) Quantore Art.No. 964575 no information

solvent extraction not performed SEM/EDS analysis not performed styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) (M) isoprene rubber (M) chalk SEM/EDS analysis not peformed polybutadiene (M) chalk not analysed several particles (10-50 per cm2) film of kneedgum (microscopy). not analysed several particles (10-50 per cm )
2

or pressed down on the surface for convenient use. Quite sticky, less flexable than Quantore, even after warming by hands.

abrasion 1 polishing 1

efficient local dirt removal, uneven result

abrasion 1 polishing 4

no information

Less sticky than Pelikan, more flexable than Pelikan.

very efficient local dirt removal, uneven result

Quantore local stationer

abrasion 7

SEM/EDS analysis not performed

not analysed

polishing 1

cleaning product (year of purchase)

composition according to supplier / manufacturer

composition
analysed by: (py)-GCMS; (M)aterial, (E)xtractable FTIR SEM/EDS

residues on paint surface

properties and handling remarks

cleaning results potential hazards

abrasion polishing

organic compounds (GCMS) few particles (0-10 per cm2) chemically stable material; organic compounds not to be expected Very soft and flexible texture, becomes less compact after rinsing with water.

intact paint layer

no information

polyurethane ether (tdi) (M)

very efficient local & general dirt removal, even result.

solvent extraction not performed QVS Make up sponge (2008) QVS rectangle SEM/EDS analysis not performed styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) (M) Butylated Hydroxy Toluene (BHT) (E) diethyldithiocarbamate (M) mercaptobenzothiazole (M) QVS Make up (2006) przisionsschwammchen Ebelin triangle solvent extraction not performed styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) (M) isoprene rubber (M) Butylated Hydroxy Toluene (BHT) (E) diethyldithiocarbamate (M) local drug store Make up sponge (2009) HEMA triangle solvent extraction not performed styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) (M) Butylated Hydroxy Toluene (BHT) (E) diethyldithiocarbamate (M) mercaptobenzothiazole (M) HEMA Make up sponge (2010) HEMA rectangle SEM/EDS analysis not performed styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) (M) Butylated Hydroxy Toluene (BHT) (E) diethyldithiocarbamate (M) mercaptobenzothiazole (M) HEMA Make up sponge (2009) etos triangle SEM/EDS analysis not performed isoprene rubber (M) Butylated Hydroxy Toluene (BHT) (E) diethyldithiocarbamate (M) mercaptobenzothiazole (M) etos Make up sponge (2009) no information SEM/EDS analysis not performed styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) (M) isoprene rubber (M) Butylated Hydroxy Toluene (BHT) (E) minor amount of BHT not tested not tested BHT few particles (0-10 per cm2) BHT not analysed few particles (0-10 per cm2) not analysed few particles (0-10 per cm )
2

abrasion 0

not analysed few particles (0-10 per cm2)

polishing 1

no information

Very soft and flexible texture, slightly more compact than the other make-up sponges tested.

very efficient local & general dirt removal, even result.

abrasion 0 polishing 1

no information

not tested

not tested

no information

Very soft and flexible texture, comparable with the majority of the make-up sponges tested.

very efficient local & general dirt removal, even result.

abrasion 0 polishing 1

no information

not tested

not tested

not tested

no information

Extremely soft and flexible texture; perfect contact with paint surface.

very efficient local & general dirt removal, even result.

abrasion 0 polishing 1

not tested

products to be used dry or moist

etos rectangle

etos Make up sponge (2010) Q20120

SEM/EDS analysis not performed polyurethane ether (tdi) (M) polyethyleneglycol (PEG) (E) long chain alcohols (E) benzoflex 2-45 (E)

minor amount of BHT

no information

not tested

not tested

not tested

Arkivproducter, Norway Make up sponge (2010) make up for ever HD -sponge

SEM/EDS analysis not performed polyurethane ester (mdi, sebacic acid) (M) tinuvin 292 (E) tributyl phosphate (TBP) (E)

long chain alcohols, benzoflex few particles (0-10 per cm2)observation from workshops only

no information

flexible and soft texture, perfect contact with paint surface. From all sponges tested the HD- sponge is the least

very efficient local & general dirt removal, even result.

SEM/EDS analysis not performed Make up sponge (2011) studio 35 cosmetic wedges solvent extraction not performed local drog store Sofft tools (2011) SEM/EDS analysis not performed isoprene rubber (M) styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) (M) polyurethane ether (tdi) (M)

tinuvin, TBP few particles (0-10 per cm2)observation from workshop only

compact / dense

only tested during workshops

vitamin E

flexible and soft texture, perfect contact with paint surface. comparable with the majority of the make-up sponges

very efficient local & general dirt removal, even result.

not analysed few particles (0-10 per cm2)observation from workshop only

tested

only tested during workshops

no information

flexible and very soft texture, very pricise handling, good contact with the paint layer in

very efficient local dirt removal, even result, may be considered for general removal

panpastel.com sofftart.com

solvent extraction not performed SEM/EDS analysis not performed not analysed

impasted areas only tested during workshops

micro fibre cloth (2006) HandyClean, yellow

polyester (80%), polyamide (20%)

polyethylene therephthalate (PET) (M) (polyester) - Nylon 6 (polyamide) (M)

few particles (0-10 per cm2) chemically stable material;organic compounds not to be expected

Woven cloth, produces threads when cut.

rather efficient general dirt removal, uneven result.

solvent extraction not performed BLOKKER micro fibre cloth (2006) HandyClean, blue Advise: use with some water polyester (80%), polyamide (20%) SEM/EDS analysis not performed polyethylene therephthalate (PET) (M) (polyester) - Nylon 6 (polyamide) (M) not analysed few particles (0-10 per cm2) chemically stable material;organic compounds not to be expected solvent extraction not performed BLOKKER microfiber cloth (2008) Vileda, blue Advise: use with some water SEM/EDS analysis not performed polyethylene therephthalate (PET) (M) (polyester) - Nylon 6 (polyamide) (M) not analysed Woven cloth, produces threads when cut.

abrasion 0 polishing 3

rather efficient general dirt removal, uneven result.

abrasion 0 polishing 4

no information

not tested chemically stable material;organic compounds not to be expected

Non-woven material. not tested

not tested

solvent extraction not performed BLOKKER SEM/EDS analysis not performed not analysed

products to be used moist

Balbo powerpad (2006)

melamine fibres

melamine formaldehyde resin (M) (foamed)

many particles (> 50 per cm2), difficult to remove chemically stable material;chemical

Flexible open texture.

rather efficient local dirt removal, uneven result.

Tested dry.
abrasion 6 polishing 0

Balbo BLOKKER Advise: use with some water

solvent extraction not performed SEM/EDS analysis not performed

compounds not to be expected not analysed

absorbing sponge (2006) Handyclean

no information

polyvinylalcohol (PVA) based polymer (M) contains starch

few particles (0-10 per cm2) chemically stable material;chemical compounds not to be expected

Smooth even texture.

very efficient local & general dirt removal, even result

Sponge is used moisturized.

solvent extraction not performed BLOKKER Blitzfix (2006) SEM/EDS analysis not performed polyvinylalcohol (PVA) based polymer (M) contains starch

water not analysed few particles (0-10 per cm ) chemically stable material;chemical compounds not to be expected Sponge is used moisturized.
2

no information

Smooth even texture.

very efficient local & general dirt removal, even result

solvent extraction not performed Deffner&Johann SEM/EDS analysis not performed

water not analysed

abrasion 0 polishing 0

cleaning product (year of purchase)

composition according to supplier / manufacturer

composition
analysed by: (py)-GCMS; (M)aterial, (E)xtractable FTIR SEM/EDS

residues on paint surface

properties and handling remarks

cleaning results potential hazards

abrasion polishing

organic compounds (GCMS)

intact paint layer

Tek Nek

elastomer rubber roller+ engeneered adhesive pad

not tested

not tested

Hand roller, applicable to flat surfaces only tested during workshops

superficial but efficient, promising but to be tested further Only tested during workshops

new

electro-static dissipative roller

teknek.com not analysed