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    Incineration

    Uploaded by

    Phyu Mar Thein Kyaw
    This document contains a thermal dynamics analysis of an incineration plant. It provides various parameters used in the analysis such as densities, heat capacities, temperatures, mass flow rates, and enthalpies. The analysis calculates the heat input from refuse and fuel, heat absorbed by steam generation, heat lost, and thermal efficiency. It ensures mass and energy balance across the system, which includes an incinerator, boiler, turbine, condenser, and auxiliary equipment. The analysis determines the steam generation and power output are sufficient and the design meets the target emission temperature.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Incineration

    Uploaded by

    Phyu Mar Thein Kyaw
    143 views11 pages
    This document contains a thermal dynamics analysis of an incineration plant. It provides various parameters used in the analysis such as densities, heat capacities, temperatures, mass flow rates, and enthalpies. The analysis calculates the heat input from refuse and fuel, heat absorbed by steam generation, heat lost, and thermal efficiency. It ensures mass and energy balance across the system, which includes an incinerator, boiler, turbine, condenser, and auxiliary equipment. The analysis determines the steam generation and power output are sufficient and the design meets the target emission temperature.

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    This document contains a thermal dynamics analysis of an incineration plant. It provides various parameters used in the analysis such as densities, heat capacities, temperatures, mass flow rates, and enthalpies. The analysis calculates the heat input from refuse and fuel, heat absorbed by steam generation, heat lost, and thermal efficiency. It ensures mass and energy balance across the system, which includes an incinerator, boiler, turbine, condenser, and auxiliary equipment. The analysis determines the steam generation and power output are sufficient and the design meets the target emission temperature.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as XLS, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as xls, pdf, or txt
    143 views11 pages

    Incineration

    Uploaded by

    Phyu Mar Thein Kyaw
    This document contains a thermal dynamics analysis of an incineration plant. It provides various parameters used in the analysis such as densities, heat capacities, temperatures, mass flow rates, and enthalpies. The analysis calculates the heat input from refuse and fuel, heat absorbed by steam generation, heat lost, and thermal efficiency. It ensures mass and energy balance across the system, which includes an incinerator, boiler, turbine, condenser, and auxiliary equipment. The analysis determines the steam generation and power output are sufficient and the design meets the target emission temperature.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as XLS, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as xls, pdf, or txt
    of 11

    ###

    ### ###
    3.19
    48
    632 ###

    3.19 42
    ### 253
    Qflue ### KJ/s
    ###
    Qs
    ### KJ/s
    ### ### Qflue>Qs?
    #REF!

    Refuse
    Thru put
    #REF! T/dy
    NCV
    #REF! Kcal/kg
    Mw
    500 Kg/ton
    %unburnt #REF!
    %heat loss #REF!
    Qrefuse
    #REF! KJ/s
    RH in air
    0.1
    Mwpri
    #REF! Kg/s
    Mwsec
    #REF! Kg/s
    Mwflue
    #REF! Kg/s
    hw25deg
    #REF! KJ/kg
    hw250deg #REF! KJ/kg
    hw850deg #REF! KJ/kg
    Qin req
    #REF! KJ/s
    Can Tflue>850deg? #REF!

    ###
    ### ###
    Blowdown 0.22 42
    ### 253

    ###
    1 250

    Blowdown

    10

    11

    12

    P2

    15 40
    ### 250

    15 36
    ### 440

    30 34.3
    ### 435

    From SH(2)

    2.45 9.58
    3055 296
    3 1.1
    ### 103

    P1

    1.31 1.88
    ### 133

    25.967 5.39
    429.13 102

    P1

    4
    L
    13

    23 0.05
    ### 33.9

    P1

    23 0.05
    138 33.9

    23 5.39
    138 33.2

    Project: PRC Senzhen Incineration Plant


    Title: Thermal dynamics analysis
    By:EK Goh
    date: 20/11/2000
    (air25) Air density @ 25 degC
    Flue density @ 25 degC
    Flue density @ 200 degC
    Flue density @ 1300 degC
    Cp air@25deg
    Cp air@80deg
    Cp air@250deg
    Cp flue@200deg
    Cp flue@400deg
    Cp flue@850deg
    Cp flue@1300deg
    Atm air temp
    Flue Temp @ inlet of boiler
    Flue temp @ inlet of superheater
    Pri air first pre-heated temp
    Pri air sec pre-heated temp
    Desired emission Temp
    V flue @25 DegC
    M flue @25 DegC
    V air pri @25 DegC
    M air pri @25 DegC
    V air sec @25 DegC
    M air sec @25 DegC
    Moisture content
    Moisture content in refuse
    Refuse thru-put per line
    NCV refuse
    No of line
    Estimated unburnt
    Estimated Heat loss
    NCV fuel
    Fuel cost
    Unit rate of power sold
    Known enthalpy state
    h1 = hg @ 37b
    h3 @ 34.3b = h10 @ 4b
    h4 @ 0.16b
    h5 = h6
    h7 = h8
    h9 @37b
    h11=h@4b,300C
    h12 = hf@4b
    h13 = hf@37b
    Other assumption
    Boiler pressure
    Boiler saturated steam temp
    Superheater pressure
    Superheater steam temp
    Condenser pressure
    Condenser saturated temp
    H(2) Expansion valve pressure
    H(2) Expansion valve temp before
    water injection
    H(2) Expansion valve controlled temp
    H(2) saturated temp @4b
    H(1) expansion vlv pressure
    H(1) expansion vlv temp = Tsat
    @4bar
    Deaerater tank pressure
    Deaerater tank outlet temp
    Feedwater temp
    Diff press of FD fan (A2)
    Isentropic eff
    Flue velocity in superheater
    Flue velocity in stack
    Air velocity in fan duct
    Cpf Cooling water

    1.177
    1.177
    0.7483
    0.2246
    1.0049
    1.0084
    1.0342
    1.1247
    1.165
    1.263
    1.3181
    25
    850
    1300
    80
    250
    200
    23295
    7.616
    10616
    3.471
    7289.3
    2.383
    0.01
    500
    150
    1450
    10
    0.02
    0.02
    10000
    $1,000
    $150.00

    Kg/m3
    Kg/m3
    Kg/m3
    Kg/m3
    KJ/KgK
    KJ/KgK
    KJ/KgK
    KJ/KgK
    KJ/KgK
    KJ/KgK
    KJ/KgK
    degC
    degC
    degC
    degC
    degC
    degC
    Nm3/hr
    Kg/s
    Nm3/hr
    Kg/s
    Nm3/hr
    Kg/s
    Kg/Kg air
    Kg/Ton
    Ton/dy
    Kcal/Kg
    line

    1.0247 assumed
    1.065 approx
    1.163 assumed
    1.2181 assumed
    298 degK
    1123 degK
    1573 degK
    353 degK
    Cx Ts of Heater
    523 degK
    1 b4 accept
    473 degK
    Contain gases given off frm refuse
    PV/T = C

    Kcal/Kg
    41868 KJ/Kg
    $/Ton
    Per MWhr

    2802
    3303
    2208
    192
    546
    632
    3067
    605
    1066

    KJ/KgK
    KJ/KgK
    KJ/KgK
    KJ/KgK
    KJ/KgK
    KJ/KgK
    KJ/KgK
    KJ/KgK
    KJ/KgK

    37
    246
    34.3
    435
    0.1
    45.8
    4

    bar
    degC
    bar
    degC
    bar
    degC
    bar

    414 degC
    300 degC
    143.6 degC
    4 bar
    143.6
    3
    130
    150
    90
    0.9
    6
    3
    12
    4.181

    degC
    bar
    degC
    degC
    mbar
    m/s
    m/s
    m/s
    KJ/KgK

    assumed
    assumed
    assumed
    assumed
    assumed

    Cooling Water Inlet Temp


    Limit of Cooling water discharge

    27 degC
    37 degC

    delta T=10degC

    Values in red are dependent on


    1 selected operating condition.
    Do not change without changing
    these parameters.
    Values in blue are dependent on
    2 conditions in PRC.
    Plse change accordingly.
    Values in green are selected
    3 operating condition.
    Plse change accordingly.

    Remarks:

    Incineration
    Qin refuse per line
    Actual Qin refuse per line
    Mw in pri air
    Mw in sec air
    Mw in refuse
    Mw in flue gas
    hw@850deg,atm
    hw@250deg,atm
    hw@25deg,atm
    To heat pri air, sec air, all moisture to 850 degC
    Qin pri
    Qin sec
    Qin refuse water
    Total Qin required

    =Mrefuse x NCVrefuse
    =(1-%unburnt-%heatloss)xQin
    refuse
    =M pri air x %moisture
    =M sec air x %moisture
    =M refuse x %moisture
    =Total M water content

    =Qair(250 to 850) + Qw(250 to


    850)
    =Qair(25 to 850) + Qw(25 to
    850)
    =Mw refuse x(hw25 to hw850)

    10539.69 KJ/s
    10118.10
    0.035
    0.024
    0.868
    0.927
    4958
    2975
    2675

    KJ/s
    Kg/s
    Kg/s
    Kg/s
    Kg/s
    KJ/Kg
    KJ/Kg
    KJ/Kg

    3114.36 KJ/s
    2720.94 KJ/s
    1981.77 KJ/s
    7817.07 KJ/s

    Is Qin refuse > Qin required ?

    Can the temp b4 boiler be higher or


    more steam than the design load can be
    generated?

    Boiler
    Energy air side = Energy steam side
    Msi =Mwi

    =MfluexCp(850-200)/(h9-h1)

    3.111 Kg/s

    =Mpair x Cp(80-25)/(h1-h13)

    0.113 Kg/s

    11.199 Ton/hr

    At Air Heater (1)


    MsH1
    At Air Heater (2)
    MsH2
    =Mpair x Cp(250-80)/(h11-h13)
    Mass balance for turbine
    Mst
    =(Msi - MsH1)x10 Lines
    Mst + Mcw - Ms - MsH3 - 10MsH2
    =0
    Ms+MsH3-Mcw
    = Mst - 10MsH2
    Energy balance for Deareater (refer to Sheet-Deareater)
    Solving
    MsH3
    Mcw
    Ms
    Is energy in balance?
    At Superheater and feedwater heater
    Q superheater
    Q feedwater heater
    Q required frm fuel
    M a2
    V a2@1300DegC
    V a2@200DegC
    V a2@25DegC
    Diameter of furnance
    Diameter of Stack
    Diameter of FD Fan

    0.261 Kg/s

    Mst

    29.980 Kg/s

    Ms

    Mcw

    27.373 Kg/s

    3.179 Kg/s
    0.542 Kg/s
    24.735 Kg/s

    MsH3
    10MsH2

    =Mst(h3-h1)
    =10xMwi(h9-h8)
    = Q sh + Q fw
    = Qtotal/(CpT1300-CpT200)
    = M a2 / Density@1300DegC
    = M a2 / Density@200DegC
    = M a2 / Density@25DegC
    =Va2@1300/Vel
    =Va2@200/Vel
    =Va2@25/Vel

    15019.76
    2675.40
    17695.16
    11.48
    51.11
    15.34
    9.75
    3.29
    2.55
    1.02

    KJ/s
    KJ/s
    KJ/s
    Kg/s
    m3/s
    m3/s
    m3/s
    m
    m
    m

    Value include 1.5 time excess air

    Temp after superheater

    384 degC

    FD Fan Pwr @60%eff


    Displacement

    146.30 KW
    35113.04 m3/hr

    At Furnance
    Mass fuel consumed

    =Ma2(CpT1300-CpT25)/Cvfuel

    0.486 Kg/s
    42.02 Ton/dy
    $15,339,056 per yr

    Mech power output


    Revenue on power alone

    =Ms(h3-h4) x Eff isen

    24.4 MW
    $32,030,521 per yr

    Actual enthalpy h4'


    Q rejection
    M cooling water

    =h3 - (h3-h4)xEff isen


    = Ms(h4' - h5)
    =Qrej/Cpw(T37-T27)

    Total Qin frm refuse


    Total Qin frm fuel
    Thermal Efficiency

    =10xMrefuse x NCVrefuse
    = Mfuel x NCV fuel
    = Pwr out/Total Qin

    Fuel cost per year


    At Turbine

    At Condenser
    2317.5 KJ/kg
    52.57 MW
    1257.46 Kg/s
    4526.84 Ton/Hr
    Too large, reservior water may not be sufficient. Probably a cooling tower will be more appropriate
    Thermal Analysis
    105396.88
    20364.52
    19.38%

    Approx value only

    Mass balance for turbine


    Mst
    Ms+MsH3-Mcw
    Therefore, Ms

    =
    =
    =

    29.98
    27.37
    27.37 - MsH3 + Mcw

    eqn(1)

    At Deareater
    h13, 10MsH1
    10MsH2, h12

    MsH3, h11

    Ms+10MsH1+10MsH2+MsH3
    h7

    Ms, h6

    (Ms + MsH3 + 10MsH1 + 10MsH2)h7 =


    Ms(h7-h6) - MsH3(h11-h7)
    =
    354 Ms
    2521 MsH3
    =

    Msxh6 + MsH3xh11 + 10MsH1xh13 +10MsH2xh12


    10MsH1(h13-h7) + 10MsH2(h12-h7)
    741.27
    eqn(2)

    At Expansion Valve
    h3,

    10MsH2 + MsH3

    Mcw, h8
    10MsH2(h3-h11)
    h11,

    10MsH2 + MsH3 + Mcw

    (10MsH2 + MsH3)h3 + Mcwxh8


    10MsH2(h3-h11)
    Mcw(h11-h8) - MsH3(h3-h11)
    2521 Mcw
    236 MsH3

    =
    =
    =
    =

    (10MsH2 + MsH3 + Mcw)h11


    Mcw(h11-h8) + MsH3(h11-h3)
    10MsH2(h3-h11)
    615.24
    eqn(3)

    =
    =
    =
    =

    741.27
    354x27.37 - 741.27
    8948.63
    63727.42

    Sub (1)in(2)

    (4)x

    7.12 => (5)+(3)


    Solving

    354(27.37-MsH3+Mcw) - 2521MsH3
    -354Mcw + MsH3(2521+354)
    354 Mcw
    +
    2875 MsH3
    2521 Mcw
    +
    20474 MsH3
    0 Mcw

    MsH3
    =
    Mcw
    =
    Ms
    =
    Checking for balancing (At Deareator)
    Energy in
    =
    =
    Energy Out
    =
    =
    Balance?
    =

    20238 MsH3

    eqn(4)
    eqn(5)

    64342.66

    3.17926 Kg/s
    0.54167 Kg/s
    24.74 Kg/s
    Msxh6 + MsH3xh11 + 10MsH1xh13 +10MsH2xh12
    17281
    (Ms + MsH3 + 10MsH1 + 10MsH2)h7
    17281
    1
    => Answer is correct!

    Legend
    Steam flow

    Airflow

    Kg/s

    KJ/Kg

    kg/s

    KJ/kgK

    bar

    degC

    m3/s

    degC
    11.48

    1.165
    384

    Superheater

    11.48

    29.980

    3303

    34.3

    435

    1.3181
    1300

    Fuel

    10
    Furnance

    5.245

    3303

    0.542

    546

    414

    143.6

    0.542

    546

    37

    130

    Common steam header

    11
    2802

    37

    246

    1.0049 FD fan(2)

    7.61617
    Boiler

    300

    Turbine

    25
    Superheated steam header

    1.1247
    200

    1.263

    0.261

    3067

    300

    Heater(2)

    3.47084

    850

    3.179

    3067

    300

    Heater(1)

    3.47084

    1.0049

    1.0084

    2.94889

    25

    0.113

    2802

    37

    246

    80

    632

    37

    150

    150T/dy Refuse

    Sec air

    2.3832

    1.0049

    2.02481

    25

    1.1247

    3.47084

    200
    feedwater

    heater

    605

    143.6

    13

    1.0342

    546

    37

    130

    632

    37

    150

    1066

    143.6

    605

    3.179

    3067

    143.6

    300

    7
    31.651

    31.109

    1.130

    2.607

    P2
    Common feed
    header

    0.113

    1066

    37

    246

    0.113

    1066

    143.6

    0.542

    546

    37

    130

    2208

    0.1

    45.8

    24.735

    192

    0.1

    45.8

    250
    31.651

    24.735

    24.4 MW

    12

    Incinerator

    11.48

    0.261

    PWR =

    FD fan(1)

    L
    3.111

    435

    To other line

    common return
    header

    7.61617

    9.8

    3067

    3303

    34.3

    546
    130

    24.735

    192

    45.8

    P1

    6
    Deareater

    Cooling water

    11.48
    3.111

    6.328

    24.735

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