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    Esc101: Fundamentals of Computing Esc101: Fundamentals of Computing

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    Mukesh Kumar Dewra
    1) This document contains lecture notes from ESc101 Fundamentals of Computing class at IIT Kanpur on September 22, 2011. 2) The lecture recaps pointers and passing arrays/pointers as arguments, and sizes of variables. It also covers string copy using arrays/pointers and pointer return types. 3) Additionally, it discusses protecting pointer arguments, void pointers as a generic type, and examples of using void pointers and a generic exchange function.

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    Esc101: Fundamentals of Computing Esc101: Fundamentals of Computing

    Uploaded by

    Mukesh Kumar Dewra
    28 views8 pages
    1) This document contains lecture notes from ESc101 Fundamentals of Computing class at IIT Kanpur on September 22, 2011. 2) The lecture recaps pointers and passing arrays/pointers as arguments, and sizes of variables. It also covers string copy using arrays/pointers and pointer return types. 3) Additionally, it discusses protecting pointer arguments, void pointers as a generic type, and examples of using void pointers and a generic exchange function.

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    esc101-lec22

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    1) This document contains lecture notes from ESc101 Fundamentals of Computing class at IIT Kanpur on September 22, 2011. 2) The lecture recaps pointers and passing arrays/pointers as arguments, and sizes of variables. It also covers string copy using arrays/pointers and pointer return types. 3) Additionally, it discusses protecting pointer arguments, void pointers as a generic type, and examples of using void pointers and a generic exchange function.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    28 views8 pages

    Esc101: Fundamentals of Computing Esc101: Fundamentals of Computing

    Uploaded by

    Mukesh Kumar Dewra
    1) This document contains lecture notes from ESc101 Fundamentals of Computing class at IIT Kanpur on September 22, 2011. 2) The lecture recaps pointers and passing arrays/pointers as arguments, and sizes of variables. It also covers string copy using arrays/pointers and pointer return types. 3) Additionally, it discusses protecting pointer arguments, void pointers as a generic type, and examples of using void pointers and a generic exchange function.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 8

    ESc101: Fundamentals of Computing

    2011-12-Monsoon Semester Lecture #22, September 22, 2011

    Please switch off your mobile phones.

    Announcements
    Last date for course drop is 20th October.
    I will sign drop requests till 17th October.

    Karan Singh (E13) has got 60 / 60 marks in mid-sem.

    Lec-22

    Dheeraj Sanghi, CSE Dept., IIT Kanpur ESc101, 2011-12-Monsoon

    Recap
    Pointer Operations p Passing arrays as pointers Passing pointers as arrays Sizeof

    Lec-22

    Dheeraj Sanghi, CSE Dept., IIT Kanpur ESc101, 2011-12-Monsoon

    Recap: Passing arrays as pointers


    #include <stdio.h> void read_array (int *p, int size) { int i = 0; while (i < size) { scanf (%d, p); p++; i++; } } void print_array (int *p, int size) { int i = 0; while (i < size)
    Lec-22

    { printf (%d\t, *p); p++; i++; } printf (\n); } int main ( ) { int a [ ] = {3, -2, 7, 19}; print_array (a, 4); read_array ( , 4); y (a, ); print_array (a, 4); }

    Dheeraj Sanghi, CSE Dept., IIT Kanpur ESc101, 2011-12-Monsoon

    Recap: Passing pointers as arrays


    #include <stdio.h> void read_pointer (int a[ ], int size) { int i = 0; while (i < size) { scanf (%d, &a[i]); i++; } } void print_pointer (int a[ ], int size) { int i = 0; while (i < size)
    Lec-22

    { printf (%d\t, a[i]); i++; } printf (\n); } int main ( ) { int b [ ] = {3, -2, 7, 19}; int *p = b; p print_p pointer (p, 4); ); print_pointer (p+1, 3); read_pointer (p, 4); print_pointer (p, 4); }
    4

    Dheeraj Sanghi, CSE Dept., IIT Kanpur ESc101, 2011-12-Monsoon

    Recap: Sizes of variables


    Size of a variable can be found out using sizeof function
    int *p; a[10]; printf (%d\n, sizeof (int)); printf (%d\n, sizeof (char)); printf (%d\n, sizeof (float)); printf (%d\n, sizeof (double)); printf (%d\n, sizeof (long int)); i f (%d\ i f (l i )) printf (%d\n, sizeof (p)); printf (%d\n, sizeof (a));

    Lec-22

    Dheeraj Sanghi, CSE Dept., IIT Kanpur ESc101, 2011-12-Monsoon

    String copy using arrays


    void strcpy (char s [ ], char t [ ]) py ( ] { int i = 0; while (t[i] != \0) { s[i] = t[i]; // copy i++; // point to next element } s[i] = \0; // terminate s }

    Lec-22

    Dheeraj Sanghi, CSE Dept., IIT Kanpur ESc101, 2011-12-Monsoon

    String copy using pointers


    void strcpy (char *s, char *t) py ( ) { while (*t != \0) { *s = *t; s++; t++; } *s = \0; }

    // copy // point to next element // point to next element // terminate s

    Lec-22

    Dheeraj Sanghi, CSE Dept., IIT Kanpur ESc101, 2011-12-Monsoon

    Pointer as Return Type


    int * max (int *a, int *b) { if (*a > *b) return a; else return b; } int main ( ) { int *p, i, j; p = max (&i, &j); }
    Lec-22 Dheeraj Sanghi, CSE Dept., IIT Kanpur ESc101, 2011-12-Monsoon 8

    Protecting Pointer Arguments


    Pointer arguments can be protected against accidental changes by putting qualifier const. void h (const int * const p) { int j; p // Wrong g *p = 0; p = &j; // Wrong }

    void f (const int * p) { int j; *p = 0; // Wrong p = &j; // Permitted } void g (int * const p) { int j; *p = 0; // Permitted p = &j; // Wrong }
    Lec-22

    Dheeraj Sanghi, CSE Dept., IIT Kanpur ESc101, 2011-12-Monsoon

    Void Pointers
    Useful as a generic pointer type We can use type casting to cast into any type of pointer. One can write functions in a way that different types of arguments can be given to the function as arguments. A pointer to char, float, int, etc., can match as argument against a void pointer type.

    Lec-22

    Dheeraj Sanghi, CSE Dept., IIT Kanpur ESc101, 2011-12-Monsoon

    10

    Void Pointers
    void generic (void *a, int b) { if (b == 1) { printf (Received Integer Pointer\n); printf (%d\n, * (int *) a); } else if (b == 2) { printf (Received Character Pointer\n); printf (%c\n, * (char *) a); } else if (b == 3) { printf (Received Floating Point Pointer\n); printf (%f\n, * (float *) a); } }
    Lec-22 Dheeraj Sanghi, CSE Dept., IIT Kanpur ESc101, 2011-12-Monsoon 11

    Void Pointers
    #include <stdio.h> // Code for generic (void *a, int b) will come here int main ( ) { int i = 15; char c = y; float f = 15.5; ; generic (&i, 1); generic (&c, 2); generic (&f, 3); }
    Lec-22 Dheeraj Sanghi, CSE Dept., IIT Kanpur ESc101, 2011-12-Monsoon 12

    Generic Exchange
    void genericexchange (void *a, void *b, int c) { if (c == 1) { int temp = * (int *) a; ( ) ( ) * (int *) a = * (int *) b; * (int *) b = temp; } else if (c == 2) { char temp = * (char *) a; * (char *) a = * (char *) b; * (char *) b = temp; } else if (c == 3) { float temp = * (float *) a; p ( ) ; * (float *) a = * (float *) b; * (float *) b = temp; } }
    Lec-22 Dheeraj Sanghi, CSE Dept., IIT Kanpur ESc101, 2011-12-Monsoon 13

    Any Questions?

    Lec-22

    Dheeraj Sanghi, CSE Dept., IIT Kanpur ESc101, 2011-12-Monsoon

    14

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