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    Thermodynamics by Hipolito Chapter 1

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    Nash Fernandez
    This document is the solution manual for a thermodynamics textbook. It contains solved examples of common thermodynamics problems involving concepts like mass, weight, pressure, density, flow rate, and more. The problems cover topics like converting between mass and weight units, calculating acceleration under external forces, determining properties of fluids, and finding flow rates and filling times. The manual was authored by Engr. Naser A. Fernandez and published without permission for educational purposes.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

    Thermodynamics by Hipolito Chapter 1

    Uploaded by

    Nash Fernandez
    24K views10 pages
    This document is the solution manual for a thermodynamics textbook. It contains solved examples of common thermodynamics problems involving concepts like mass, weight, pressure, density, flow rate, and more. The problems cover topics like converting between mass and weight units, calculating acceleration under external forces, determining properties of fluids, and finding flow rates and filling times. The manual was authored by Engr. Naser A. Fernandez and published without permission for educational purposes.

    Original Description:

    A Thermodynamics by Hipolito Sta. Maria Chapter 1 Solution Manual

    Original Title

    Thermodynamics by hipolito chapter 1

    Copyright

    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

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    This document is the solution manual for a thermodynamics textbook. It contains solved examples of common thermodynamics problems involving concepts like mass, weight, pressure, density, flow rate, and more. The problems cover topics like converting between mass and weight units, calculating acceleration under external forces, determining properties of fluids, and finding flow rates and filling times. The manual was authored by Engr. Naser A. Fernandez and published without permission for educational purposes.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    24K views10 pages

    Thermodynamics by Hipolito Chapter 1

    Uploaded by

    Nash Fernandez
    This document is the solution manual for a thermodynamics textbook. It contains solved examples of common thermodynamics problems involving concepts like mass, weight, pressure, density, flow rate, and more. The problems cover topics like converting between mass and weight units, calculating acceleration under external forces, determining properties of fluids, and finding flow rates and filling times. The manual was authored by Engr. Naser A. Fernandez and published without permission for educational purposes.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    of 10

    SOLUTION MANUAL OF

    THERMODYNAMICS
    by Hipolito Sta. Maria

    Answered by: Engr.

    Naser A. Fernandez

    Published by: I Think, Therefore Im An Atheist Enterprises

    and Priority Development Fund (PDF)

    *This solution manual is an original work of Engr. Naser A. Fernandez. No part of this
    Manual may be reprinted, reproduced and distributed in any form or by any means
    without prior permission from him. j/k :-D

    Chapter 1
    1. What is the mass in grams and the weight in dynes and in gram-force of
    12 oz of salt? Local g is 9.65m/s2 1lb = 16oz

    Given:

    m= 12 oz
    g= 9.65 m/s2
    = 965 cm/s2
    Solution:

    (a) 12 oz x

    = 340.2 g

    (b) Fg = mg/k
    =

    Fg = 334.80 gf
    (c) Fg = 334.80 gf x

    = 328324.97 dynes

    2. A mass of 0.10 slug in space is subjected to an external vertical force of 4 lb.


    If the local gravity acceleration is g = 30.5 fps2 and if friction effects are
    neglected, determine the acceleration of the mass if the external vertical force
    is acting (a) upward (b) downward.
    Given:

    m= 0.10 slug x
    F= 4 lbf
    g= 30.5 ft/s2

    = 3.2174 lbm

    Solution:
    F
    (a)

    i. Fg = mg/k

    Fg

    ii. (F-Fg) = mg/k


    (4-3.05)lbf =

    a = 9.5 ft/s2

    i.(F+Fg) = mg/k

    (b)

    (4+3.05)lbf =

    F Fg

    a = 70.5 ft/s2

    3. The mass of a given airplane at sea level (g = 32.1 fps2) is 10 tons. Find its
    mass in lb, slugs, and kg and its (gravitational) weight in lb when it is travelling at
    a 50,000-ft elevation. The acceleration of gravity g decreases by 3.33 x 10-6 fps2
    for each foot of elevation.
    Given:

    g = 32.1 ft/s2
    m = 10 tons

    h = 50, 000 ft

    Solution:
    (a) 10 tons x

    = 20,000 lbm

    (b) 20,000 lbm x

    = 621.62 slugs

    (c) h =

    50,000 = (a-32.1)/(-3.33 x 10-6/ft)


    a = 31.9335 ft/s2
    Fg = mg/k
    =
    Fg = 19850.50 lbf
    4. A lunar excursion module (LEM) weighs 1500 kgf on earth where g = 9.75
    mps2. What will be its weight on the surface of the moon where gm = 1.70 mps2.
    On the surface of the moon, what will be the force in kgf anf in newtons required
    to accelerate the module at 10 mps2?

    Given:

    Fge = 1500 kgf


    ge = 9.75 m/s2

    gm = 1.70 m/s2

    Solution:
    (a) i. Fge = mge/k

    m = 1508.71 kgm
    ii. Fgm = mgm/k

    Fgm = 261.5 kgf


    ( b) a = 10 m/s

    Fgm =

    Fgm = 1538.5 kgf


    (c) Fgm = 1538.5 kgf x

    = 15,087.45 N

    5. The mass of a fluid system is 0.311 slug, its density is 30 lb/ft3 and g = 31.90
    ft/s2. Find (a) the specific volume (b) the specific weight (c) and the total volume.
    Given:

    m = 0.311 slug x

    = 10.006

    g = 31.90 ft/s2
    d= 30 lb/ft3
    Solution:

    (a) v = 1/d
    = 1/(30 lb/ft3)
    v = 0.0333 ft3/lb
    (b) = dg/k
    =

    (c) V = m/d
    =
    V = 0.3335 ft3

    = 29.7445 lb/ft3

    6. A cylindrical drum (2-ft diameter, 3-ft in height) is filled with a fluid whose
    density is 40 lb/ft3. Determine (a) the total volume of fluid, (b) its total mass in
    pounds and slugs, (c) its specific volume, and (d) its specific weight where g =
    31.90 fps2.
    Given:

    d = 40 lb/ft3

    h = 3 ft

    diameter = 2 ft

    Solution:
    (a) V = r2h

    (c) v = 1/d =1/40 = 0.025 ft3/lb

    = (1)(3)
    V = 9.42 ft3
    (d) = dg/k

    (b) i. m = dV
    3

    = (40 lb/ft )( 9.42 ft )

    = (40)(31.90)/(32.174)
    = 39.66 lb/ft3

    m = 377 lb
    ii. m = 377 lbm x

    = 11.72 slugs

    7. A weatherman carried an aneroid barometer from the ground floor to his office
    atop Sears Tower in Chicago. On the ground the barometer read 30.15 in.Hg
    absolute; topside it read 28.607 in. Hg absolute. Assume that the average
    atmospheric air density was 0.075 lb/ft3 and estimate the height of the building.
    Solution:

    P = (30.15 28.607) in.Hg x


    = 109.10 lb/ft2

    P = dh
    109.10 lb/ft2 = (0.075 lb/ft3)h
    h = 1455 ft
    8. A vacuum gauge mounted on a condenser reads 0.66 m.Hg. What is the
    absolute pressure in the condenser in kPa when the atmospheric pressure is
    101.32 kPa.
    Given:

    Po = 101.3 kPa
    Pg = 0.66 m.Hg
    Solution:

    1mmHg = 0.13332 kPa


    Pg = 0.66 m.Hg x

    = 87.99 kPa

    P = Po - Pg
    = 101.32 87.99
    P = 13.3 kPa
    9. Convert the following readings of pressure to kPa absolute, assuming that the
    barometer reads 760 mmHg: (a) 90 cm.Hg gage; (b) 40 cm Hg vacuum; (c) 100
    psig; (d) 8 in.Hg, and (e) 76 in. Hg gage.

    Given:

    Po = 760 mm Hg x
    Solution:
    1 mm.Hg = 0.13332 kPa

    = 101.32 kPa

    (a) Pg = 90 cm.Hg x

    = 119.99 kPa

    = 53.33 kPa

    = 27.09 kPa

    = 257.36 kPa

    P = Po + Pg
    = 101.32 + 119.99
    P = 221.31 kPa
    (b) Pg = 40 cm.Hg x
    P = Po - Pg
    = 101.32 53.33
    P = 48 kPa
    (c) Pg = 100 psi
    = 100 lb/in2 x
    = 689.48 kPa
    P = Po + Pg
    = 101.32 + 689.48
    P = 790.8 kPa

    (d) Pg = 8 in.Hg x
    P = Po - Pg
    = 101.32 27.09
    P = 74.2 kPa
    (e) Pg = 76 in.Hg x
    P = Po + Pg
    = 101.32 + 257.36
    P = 358. 68 kPa

    10. A fluid moves in a steady flow manner between two sections in a flow line. At
    section 1:A1=10ft2, 1=100ft/min, (specific volume)v1= 4ft3/lb. At section 2: A2=2ft2,
    (density)d2= 0.20 lb/ft3.Calculate the (a) mass flow rate and (b) speed at section 2.

    Given:

    A1=10ft2
    1=100ft/min
    v1= 4ft3/lb

    A2=2ft2
    d2= 0.20 lb/ft3

    Solution:

    mass flow rate = (A1)( 1)( d1)

    (a) d1 = 1/v1
    = 1/(4ft3/lb)

    = (10ft2)( 100ft/min)(0.25 lb/ft3)(

    = 0.25 lb/ft3

    = 15,000 lb/h

    (b) (A1)( 1)(d1) = (A2)( 2)(d2)


    (10ft2)( 100ft/min)( 0.25 lb/ft3) = (2ft2)( 0.20 lb/ft3)( 2)
    d2 = (625 ft/min)(1min/60secs)
    2 = 10.42 fps

    11. if a pump discharges 75 gpm of water whose specific weight is 61.5


    lb/ft3(g=31.95fps2). find a) the mass flow rate in lb/min, and b) and total time
    required to fill a vertical cylinder tank 10ft in diameter and 12ft high.
    Given:

    Volume flow rate = 75 gal/min


    Specific weight, = 61.5 lb/ft3

    g=31.95fps2

    Solution:

    (a)

    = 10.03 ft3/min

    mass flow rate = (10.03 ft3/min)( 61.93 lbm/ft3)

    = 621.2 lb/min
    = dg/k
    61.5 lbf/ft3 =
    d = 61.93 lbm/ft3

    (b) diametercylinder = 10ft


    h = 12 ft
    T = (Volume)/(flowrate)
    =(

    )(h)/(flowrate)

    =(

    )(12)/10.03

    T = 93.97 min

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