Yacht Design

For this CFD project, rather than make a global optimisation process, the objective has been to compare the results obtained in CFX with real experimental data from the wind tunnel. This involves learning how to use CFD software when applied to a real problem, getting an idea of the processes involved and identifying the weaknesses of the model. Furthermore, the ability to accurately predict these types of tests allows one to make a deeper optimization process for this kind of appendages.

This report describes the modelling of an appended yacht hull that is free to heave and pitch with CFX v15.0, a finite volume Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) code developed by ANSYS. The model is validated against experimental towing tank data, and is compared with predictions made using the Delft Systematic Yacht Hull Series (DSYHS) regression equations, and the results of a panel code.

Quelles sont les nouvelles évolutions et orientations en matière d’aménagement des ports de plaisance en Méditerranée en fonction d’impératifs économiques, touristiques et culturels ? En faisant disparaître les frontières entre le centre-ville et le front de mer, les ports de plaisance de Barcelone ne sont-ils pas de moins en moins des ports pour devenir de plus en plus des villes à part entière ? De plus, l’importance des espaces publics, de l’œuvre d’art, du design urbain et des loisirs créant un nouvel urbanisme, obligent les ports à s’intégrer dans des réseaux européens, régionaux et locaux qui sont en prise directe avec un tourisme de masse et une demande de montée en gamme de leur clientèle comme c’est le cas du port Forum à Barcelone. En outre, à partir d’aménagements conséquents se forgeant sur l’apport en infrastructures maritimes de qualité, un nouveau paysage transforme la cité et son interface balnéaire grâce à la création d’une mercatique à l’échelle internationale auprès d’investisseurs européens, russes, américains et de la péninsule Arabique, comme l’illustre Porto Montenegro. À cela, l’événementiel urbain et festif avec l’organisation d’une fête mondiale en relation avec la mer et ses débouchés à Barcelone, permet de sacraliser de nouveaux espaces publics portuaires de plus en plus enclins à devenir l’image de référence de la ville, car ils représentent des lieux de rencontres et de détente extrêmement appréciés, tout en faisant l’objet d’interventions de célèbres designers comme à Porto Adriano à Majorque. Certaines villes portuaires jouent sur la concordance entre la saturation de la demande d’anneaux d’appontements et la possibilité de créer de nouvelles zones de parcours touristiques ; ils offrent ainsi de nouveaux lieux de vie pour les habitants à travers des espaces publics de qualité, renforçant à leur tour une image attractive de la cité. L’existence, l’agrandissement ou la requalification d’espace portuaire à proximité d’un centre urbain engendrent et imposent divers objectifs territoriaux, nécessitant de s’interroger sur la question de la durabilité et de la mixité sociale de ses paysages renouvelés à des fins touristiques et économiques. Ils caractérisent les opérations des vingt dernières années à Barcelone, Majorque et sur la côte Adriatique.
Mots-clés : Barcelone, Adriano, front de mer, port, plaisance, marine,  paysage, planification

Summary : Tourism and new port cities in the Mediterranean The new landscapes of the ports of Barcelona and Adriano (Majorca)

What are the new developments and orientations for the management of marinas in the Mediterranean according to economic, tourist and cultural requirements? By eliminating the boundaries between the city center and the waterfront, Barcelona's marinas are becoming less and less ports to become more and more cities in their own right? Moreover, the importance of public spaces, works of art, urban design and recreation creating new urban planning, oblige ports to integrate into European, regional and local networks A mass tourism and a demand for the rise of their customers as is the case of the Forum port in Barcelona. In addition, thanks to significant improvements in the supply of quality maritime infrastructure, a new landscape transforms the city and its seaside interface thanks to the creation of an international marketing system with European investors, Russians, Americans and the Arabian Peninsula, as the illustrious Porto Montenegro. To this, the urban and festive events with the organization of a world festival in relation with the sea and its outlets in Barcelona, makes it possible to sacralize new public spaces port increasingly inclined to become the reference image of The city, because they represent places of meeting and relaxation extremely appreciated, while being the subject of interventions of famous designers as in Porto Adriano in Majorca. Some port cities play on the agreement between the saturation of the demand for ring piers and the possibility of creating new areas of tourist itineraries; They thus offer new places of life for the inhabitants through quality public spaces, reinforcing in their turn an attractive image of the city. The existence, expansion or reclassification of a port area in the vicinity of an urban center engenders and imposes various territorial objectives, which call for questioning the sustainability and the social mix of its renewed landscapes with Tourism and tourism. They characterize the operations of the last twenty years in Barcelona, Mallorca and on the Adriatic coast.

Keyswords : Barcelona, Adriano, waterfront, harbor, marina, yachting, landscape, city-planning

In the last three years, since the creation of the Marine CFD Group of the Department of Naval Architecture, the developments and studies in the field of numerical hydrodynamic for powering and propulsion of super yacht have been remarkably intensified. The paper intends to give an overview on the most recent applications of the research team through results obtained in recent applications, with the opportunity to introduce the main particulars of the devised CFD methods. Each presented application corresponds to a specific request coming from yacht shipyards, designers or propulsion systems suppliers which initiated and continue to support the Marine CFD Group of the University of Genova over several research projects as a motor of innovation. Presented applications range from resistance prediction of planing hulls in dynamic equilibrium, to a hybrid inviscid-flow/RANSE solver for displacement hulls; from hull CFD based form optimization techniques, to steady and unsteady prediction of cavitating propeller hydrodynamics as well as design and optimization of special propulsion units. The background philosophy used to attack presented problems is coming from a pragmatical naval architect cut: devise new CFD methods that could balance between the results accuracy and the requested time to obtain the solution, in order to be compatible with the time frame of yacht design. J

Makale kapsamında günümüzde iç mekân tasarımı yapılırken kullanılan görselleştirme yöntemleri incelenmiştir. Bu yöntemler analog ve dijital ortamda olmalarına göre gruplanmıştır. Proje gelişim aşamaları olan eskiz, çizim, perspektif, modelleme, maket ve fotomontaj/kolaj ile animasyon/simülasyon tekniklerine ve son olarak sanal gerçeklik uygulamalarına değinilmiştir. Lupa CR29 projesine, makale kapsamında değinilen yöntemlere örnek olarak yer verilmiştir. Teknolojinin gelişimiyle birlikte iç mekân tasarımında kullanılan görselleştirme yöntemleri de değişmekte ve farklılaşmaktadır, böylece mekânı algılama şeklimiz değişmektedir. Elde çizilen ve renklendirilen perspektiflerle mekânın algılanması sağlanırken günümüzde çeşitli donatılar kullanarak modellenmiş mekân içerisinde hareket edebilmekte ve üç boyutlu olarak algılayabilmekteyiz. Gerçek mekân, insanın fiziksel olarak algılayabildiği, sınırlarını belirleyebildiği, fiziksel olarak içinde bulunduğu mekânı ifade etmektedir. Sanal mekân ise insanın fiziksel olarak içinde bulunmadığı, zihinsel olarak dâhil olduğu mekândır. Sanal mekânları tek, iki ve üç boyutlu olarak deneyimlemek mümkündür. Tek boyutlu deneyim için telefon, iki boyutlu deneyim için bilgisayar ortamı, üç boyutlu deneyim için sanal gerçeklik uygulamalarına ihtiyaç bulunmaktadır.

Yacht spaces have complex interior systems which the human comfort became an important issue than ever. Increasing sizes and scales transform them as interior design spaces rather than industrial design objects. Because of the technological beings of yachts, they evaluated as floating machines. However the subject of spatial perception of human has a great number of data, the psychological comfort of human which could be responded by the space were not taken into enough consideration while designing yacht interiors. In this context, human comfort in yacht spaces in the scope of interior design elements will be explained by the different approaches from the architects who have applied the data of environmental psychology for buildings. The study shows, in reality architectural design codes were not applied to the yacht interiors. Being aware of the danger of stressful environments effects to the user's comfort on board, an architectural approach is basic for overcoming of these problems. Providing an architectural perspective to the yacht spaces aims to support the design process of future pleasure yachts for human comfort.

The main axes of this study, which is differentiated from contemporary architecture studies as the first academic work in the scope of post-occupancy evaluation floating spaces, are based on evaluating the spatial satisfaction and the meeting of these expectations by its users. A post-occupancy evaluation (POE) yielded a dataset of 117 yacht-users for whom demographic information, activities, and length-of-stay were recorded. This paper reports the study conducted on 78 yachts in Turkey, focusing particularly on the physical design features. The questionnaire is based on the observation and applied as post-occupancy evaluation on the examples of yachts from Turkey. It also questions the effect of the sea on the spatial perception and evaluates the user satisfaction of the interiors and exteriors of yacht spaces. Assessment on the physical design of yacht interiors from the perspective of the staff and the owner is the method to understand their expectation, preferences and experiences. In addition, the satisfaction of different user groups and general evaluation of spaces are explained within the graphics that include the data and analysis which are obtained from the interviews. Empirical results indicate that different user categories (owner and staff) that are presented in the scope of the post-occupancy evaluations (POE) have different satisfaction levels. Findings of this study demonstrate that the difference of satisfaction levels between the users caused different space needs and expectations from their spaces. Although floating spaces have unconventional environmental specifications from the terra architecture, high level of satisfaction
in yachts shows that the floating spaces should be evaluated with the scope of their spatial characteristics, in consequence of the spatial perception on the sea and the psychological concepts. In conclusion, the management implications of the study are discussed.

The variety of shapes and sizes among daggerboards and rudders of small racing yachts indicates the lack of a comparative design method and that some aspects may be neglected in the designs currently proposed. In particular, a literature survey showed that: (i) the conventional design approaches are exclusively based on upwind conditions, disregarding any downwind contribution to the race, (ii) the detrimental effects related to the typically low Reynolds numbers involved are marginally considered, and (iii) there are ambiguous indications about sweep angle effects on foil performance. In this paper, a design method based on a Velocity Prediction Program compares different appendage planforms for a yacht, identifying the ones minimizing the overall racing time, sum of upwind and downwind contributions. The method is applied to a 4.6 m skiff and the performance of the daggerboards analysed are compared with xflr5 simulations, validated against experimental tests. The results quantify the time gains of longer foils and the similar performance of elliptic and rectangular geometries with equal drafts but different aspect ratios. Swept foils are investigated as well, showing lower lift curve slopes compared to straight geometries for the high aspect ratios typically used on small yachts.

The main axes of this study, which is differentiated from contemporary architecture studies as the first academic work in the scope of post-occupancy evaluation floating spaces, are based on evaluating the spatial satisfaction and the meeting of these expectations by its users. A post-occupancy evaluation (POE) yielded a dataset of 117 yacht-users for whom demographic information, activities, and length-of-stay were recorded. This paper reports the study conducted on 78 yachts in Turkey, focusing particularly on the physical design features. The questionnaire is based on the observation and applied as post-occupancy evaluation on the examples of yachts from Turkey. It also questions the effect of the sea on the spatial perception and evaluates the user satisfaction of the interiors and exteriors of yacht spaces. Assessment on the physical design of yacht interiors from the perspective of the staff and the owner is the method to understand their expectation, preferences and experienc...

Houseboating is mainly known as a popular recreational activity, that takes place all around the world, involving groups of people of all ages, aboard houseboats of all varieties and sizes. Houseboating is a relatively recent, but this practice seems to have a very ancient history. In fact, it can find its roots in India as well as in China or in the European continent, but the history of this practise has often been told indistinguishably with the origins of pleasure boating. It is hard to define which could have been the very first houseboat or floating home in history, since they have in common almost all the features that will distinguish it from working and military boats. This fact plus a diffused imprecise definition of ‘houseboat’, in the past as nowadays, makes it difficult to reconstruct the true beginning of houseboating, without mixing it with the birth of pleasure yachting. Even if houseboats and pleasure boats are often used as synonymous, these kinds of crafts have in common only the purpose of being both dedicated to a spend some leisure time on board. However if yachts main aim is to sail, with navigation as the main activity to do on board, houseboats primarily feature is to be used as a home, not necessarily moving around but simply floating. Knowing this difference, houseboats may be even older than pleasure boats, with the Thalamegos and the Nemi ships as its most famous ancestors. The aim of this work is to define the difference between houseboats, floating houses and pleasure boats, while tracing their forerunners in the Ancient History of the Western World. The most famous Hellenistic floating palace, the Talamegos, the Roman lusoriae and cubiculatae and the Nemi Ships have been analysed in this work in order to point out similarity and differences between houseboating and pleasure boating, showing links and features with the crafts of today.

This paper proposes a new design framework for the parametric design and shape modification of a yacht hull. In this framework, the hull is divided into three regions (entrance, middle and run) and each region is represented separately. In this way, a designer has better design flexibility so that higher design variations of the hull can be achieved. Each region consists of keel line(s), deck line, chine line(s) and station lines that are represented using Bezier curves and these lines are called feature curves. A 3D surface model of a yacht hull is obtained by generating Coons patches using feature curves. Shape operators are also introduced and implemented for the modification of the given hull shape while considering some quality criteria such as hull fairness. Experiments in this study show that a variety of hull shapes can be generated using the proposed design framework with the application of the shape operators.

This paper proposes a new design framework for the parametric design and shape modification of a yacht hull. In this framework, the hull is divided into three regions (entrance, middle and run) and each region is represented separately. In this way, a designer has better design flexibility so that higher design variations of the hull can be achieved. Each region consists of keel line(s), deck line, chine line(s) and station lines that are represented using Bezier curves and these lines are called feature curves. A 3D surface model of a yacht hull is obtained by generating Coons patches using feature curves. Shape operators are also introduced and implemented for the modification of the given hull shape while considering some quality criteria such as hull fairness. Experiments in this study show that a variety of hull shapes can be generated using the proposed design framework with the application of the shape operators.

Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) is a (relatively) recent numerical analysis technique that facilitates the development of a virtual towing tank for the analysis of ship and yacht motions. SPH is a mesh-free interpolation method in which particles follow the motion of the material and its interfaces. Although the accuracy of the method merits further work, the SPH method when used to model fluid flow suffers neither from the inaccuracies of the Eulerian finite difference solution, nor from the large deformation limitations of Lagrangian finite elements. When water is analysed using mesh-free techniques, the simulation can model many non-linear phenomena including breaking waves as well as dispersion in splash-like events. The combination in the one analysis package of both mesh-based and mesh-free capabilities makes feasible the analysis of ship and yacht behaviour in waves. This physics-based analysis technique yields an approach that is unrestricted in its ability to model conventional displacement vessels, multi-hulled wave-piercing vessels, planing vessels or even submarines. Furthermore, airborne events such as those leading to slamming of yachts can also be analysed. This paper will present a number of recent case studies to demonstrate the flexibility of the SPH numerical towing tank for the analysis of ships and yachts in waves.

Several efforts have been made to describe cars by adjectives, however there is no particular work exploring adjectives describing yacht hulls which motivates this study. First, a novel design schema is developed for representing yacht hulls in 3D, which is parametric based and includes several geometric parameters quantifying the hull models. Three surveys are then conducted to learn the relationship between hulls and hull adjectives. In the first s urvey, y acht m odels w ith d ifferent g eometries a re shown to participants to form the hull adjective dictionary. Next, geometric parameters having no impact on the hull adjectives are eliminated via the second survey. Hull adjectives are then matched with yacht hull models via the third survey. The models shown in the third survey are obtained by performing sampling using the Taguchi experimental method. Finally, GMDH-type neural network (GMDH) is applied to the data sets obtained from the third survey to determine the relationships between the hull adjectives and the geometric parameters. GMDH provides mathematical models for each adjective consisting of geometric parameters with coefficients. With the outcomes of this work, we expect that communication between designers and customers can be easier, and adjective based design variations of yacht hulls can be achieved in a shorter amount of time.

Il restauro in ambiente nautico è una pratica piuttosto recente in fase di affinamento e di codifica. Il riconoscimento collettivo del valore scientifico necessario a trasformare il recupero di imbarcazioni storiche, troppo spesso viziato da interventi auto-referenziati, in una vera e propria disciplina è una sfida ancora aperta di rilevante interesse tanto negli ambiti di ricerca accademici quanto presso gli Enti di tutela, siano essi governativi o meno, italiani o europei.

The letter describes the restoration work done by Christopher (AKA Krzysztof) Konstanty Vorbrich in 2012 on the 118 year old Dutch museum-sailing-barge of the “Tjalk” type. Verein Borsteler Hafen e.V. restores and maintains the museum-barge. Captain Ebarhard Becker, Vorsitzender, Verein Borsteler Hafen e.V. signed the Letter of Conformity (Bescheinigung).

This work deals with a novel procedure that can be used for reverse engineering (RE) of big and old boats’ hull through cheap and effective instruments. The procedure has been used to acquire dimensions and shapes of an offshore boat designed by Renato Levi in 1962, named “Ultima Dea”, commissioned by Gianni Agnelli. The research purpose is the development of a method that gives to designers and restorer an “easy to use” instrument for obtaining the 2D and 3D CAD models from a degraded physical object in order to check and re-design the parts to be restored. The study and the application allowed to develop an innovative procedure to set the right acquisition parameters for optimizing the RE output in terms of minimization of maximum error and mean geometric errors between physical object and virtual model, by using a one-shot RE operation and a completely off-line post-processing. This procedure ensures good timesaving, during acquisition, very high reliability level and lightness of CAD models, also being able to reconstruct worn down and spoiled parts (through ex-novo modelling). The procedure shows how the CAD-modelling step can be done directly on graphical models (without surfaces’ mathematics) while ensuring the appropriate level of detail and, contemporarily, improving the interoperability of used and developed software. This procedure is based on the use of well-known methodologies and instruments that usually are employed in architectural relief; finally, it allowed to model the boat’s hull for the redesigning of engine/electrical/services systems and to restore the boat completely.

Dr Christopher Vorbrich of The University of Plymouth Staff sailing club has helped Plymouth Youth Sailing club during the delivery of our Sea Britain 2005 Youth festival. He volunteered on 5 days as a dinghy helm, sailing a Wayfarer with small groups of novice sailors in the 8 to 12 age range. During this time, he showed a high level of seamanship and water skill and on occasions showed he was able to sail the boat on his own. Even though this was the first time he bad helped us on a programme of this nature, he adapted well to the new challenging environment, working with a team of fifty volunteers. Whilst being the oldest member of the team, he coped well in an environment that was predominantly younger people centred. We were very grateful for his help on this event. /signed/ Adrian Kemp. Commodore

Abstract The variety of shapes and sizes among daggerboards and rudders of small racing yachts indicates the lack of a comparative design method and that some aspects may be neglected in the designs currently proposed. In particular, a literature survey showed that: (i) the conventional design approaches are exclusively based on upwind conditions, disregarding any downwind contribution to the race, (ii) the detrimental effects related to the typically low Reynolds numbers involved are marginally considered, and (iii) there are ambiguous indications about sweep angle effects on foil performance. In this paper, a design method based on a Velocity Prediction Program compares different appendage planforms for a yacht, identifying the ones minimizing the overall racing time, sum of upwind and downwind contributions. The method is applied to a 4.6 m skiff and the performance of the daggerboards analysed are compared with xflr5 simulations, validated against experimental tests. The results quantify the time gains of longer foils and the similar performance of elliptic and rectangular geometries with equal drafts but different aspect ratios. Swept foils are investigated as well, showing lower lift curve slopes compared to straight geometries for the high aspect ratios typically used on small yachts.

Abstract. The coupling of aerodynamic computations of the flow around the sail and hydrodynamic computations for the flow around the hull of a sailing boat is achieved in order to predict its performance in calm water. The aerodynamic code is based on a lifting surface model for the sails and ...