Universal

Several classification systems are in use for Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease. Three of them : Catterall, Salter Thompson and Herring (Lateral Pillar) are most commonly used. There has been debate on which is most reliable. The purpose of this paper was to systematically analyse the literature when the classifications were compared. The Ovid (Medline) Database was used and the MeSH terms Perthes Classification and Reliability were inserted. Eleven studies were retrieved but only five were suitable for analysis as they attempted to compare the classifications. Most studies used kappa agreements as the principal outcome measure, although intraclass coefficients and percentage agreements were also used. Only four studies assessed for both intraobserver reproducibility and interobserver reliability. A further study from the references appendages was found to be suitable, and was included in the analysis.

Non-functional requirements such as performance, program size, and energy consumption significantly affect the quality of software systems. Small devices like PDAs and mobile phones have little memory, slow processors, and energy constraints. The C programming language has been the choice of many programmers when developing application for small devices. On the other hand, the need for functional software correctness has derived several specification languages that adopt the Design by Contract (DBC) technique. In this work we propose a specification language for C, called CML (C Modeling Language), focused on non-functional requirements. CML is inspired on the Design By Contract technique. An additional contribution is a verification tool for hard real-time systems. The tool is the first application developed for CML. The practical usage of CML is presented through a case study, which is a real application for a vehicle monitoring system.

Researchers spend a great deal of time reading research papers. However, this skill is rarely taught, leading to much wasted effort. This article outlines a practical and efficient three-pass method for reading research papers. I also describe how to use this method to do a literature survey.

The paper presents an outline of a new personality theory on the basis of its language phenomenology. The basic assumptions of the new theory are preceded by theoretical analysis of the contemporary "methodological market" of personological formulations. The paper discusses the so-called clinical (deductive) and scientific (inductive) approaches to elaborating personality theories as well as integrative attempts of trait theorists to find "the golden mean" between objectivity and universal structure of personality, among which the basic models are the 16PF, the PEN, and the B5. As analysis shows, although at present some universal personality constructions are revealed, they mostly represent dimensional taxonomies which are hierarchical at best. Such formulations cannot be called personality theories in their proper sense because they can be used basically for descriptive purposes -being incapable of explaining causes of behavior or of predicting the direction of purposeful activity. The language personality theory proposed in the paper is based on theoretical assumptions of a different, nontraditional variant of the fundamental lexical hypothesis, encoded in the language which focuses on the essential similarities of people, not on their dissimilarities. Additional perennial philosophical ground and linguistic conception of semantic primitives allow the theory to have the structure, dimensional taxonomy, and quality of universality.

In the present growing world of emerging technology, the micro machining process has demanding operation in various sectors like aerospace, oil, defence, automobile, biomedical science and many industries at micro and nano levels of manufacturing and designing. In various different types of micro machining, micro drilling is one of the tool based micro machining operation. Generally micro drilling is used to fabricate micro holes in micro products. Main emphasis is drilling speed (R.P.M) and the feed rate of the spindle. In this study, the cutting speed and feed rate will be taken as process parameters. We tried to increase the accuracy by giving feed to drill spindle through lead screw instead of direct feed. Here are some aspects which are considered in the design of universal micro radial drilling machine.

Pour citer cet article:
LANGLUMÉ Diane, « Quand le cinéma d’horreur rencontre la comédie musicale : Phantom of the Paradise et l’histoire du rock horrifique », in PAQUET-DEYRIS Anne-Marie (dir.), CinémAction n°136 - Les cinémas de l’horreur : les maléfiques, Condé-sur-Noireau : Éditions Charles Corlet, Août 2010, 224 pages, p.56-63. ISBN : 978-2-84706-330-1, ISSN : 1241-8161,

After a period of oblivion, a renewal of interest in coroutines is being ob- served. However, most current implementations of coroutine mechanisms are restricted, and motivated by particular uses. The convenience of providing true coroutines as a general control abstraction is disregarded. This paper presents and discusses the corou- tine facilities provided by the language Lua, a full implementation of the concept of asymmetric coroutines. It also shows that this powerful construct supports easy and succint implementations of useful control behaviors.

In SLA, it has been often assumed that the effect of the first language (L1) is not very strong in the acquisition of grammatical morphemes (e.g., . However, such an assumption has not been systematically examined in the literature. This article reviews the morpheme studies conducted with native speakers of Japanese, Korean, Chinese, and Spanish to test the effect of the L1 in the acquisition of grammatical morphemes. The review reveals that although Spanish L1 learners' acquisition order generally conforms to the "so-called" natural order , native speakers of Japanese, Korean, and Chinese mostly acquire plural -s and articles later than, and possessive 's earlier than, is predicted by the natural order. This indicates that learners can acquire a grammatical morpheme later or earlier than predicted by the natural order, depending on the presence or absence of the equivalent category in their L1. This suggests that L1 transfer is much stronger than is portrayed in many SLA textbooks and that the role of L1 in morpheme acquisition must be reconsidered.

This study is dedicated to the chapter Metaphysics My 10, which, in my opinion, represents an example of basic research as regards Aristotle’s ontological investigations. The aim of my analysis is to point out that the chapter constitutes a manifesto for a new ontology: this new ontology is Aristotle’s typological ontology. The main entities of the typological ontology are universals, on the one hand, and instantiations of universals, on the other hand. The ontological levels, to which these two kinds of entities belong, are different from each other: therefore they must be kept rigorously separated from each other. The new ontology constitutes a clear opposition to the ontology of ideas. In my opinion Aristotle does not aim at eliminating universals from the range of the existing entities: At least the universals which correspond to biological kinds (such as „man“ or „animal“) and to all the properties connected to these biological kinds are real entities, even though they do not exist at the same level at which the level of the instantiations do. Aristotle’s aim is thus to assign universals and individuals to different realms of reality. The reality consists both of individuals and of universals: these kinds of entities occupy different realms of reality.


Keywords: Universals, Instantiations, Individuals, Essence, Knowledge, Ideas, Typological Ontology, New Ontology, Aristotle, E. J. Lowe, D. Wiggins, Realms of Reality, Natural Kinds, Biological Properties, Dispositions, Biological Programmes.

In this paper, we present HOME, a new environment for distributed hypermedia. We mainly concentrate on the server side, and provide access to World-Wide Web clients through a gateway mechanism. Data and metadata are strictly separated in the distributed HOME server. The architecture is based on a layered approach with separate layers for raw data, multimedia characteristics and hypermedia structure. We brie y present some of the implementation aspects and emphasise distinctive c haracteristics of HOME. We conclude with a comparison with related research and our plans for the future.

The paper discusses Leibniz's theory of denominations, expression, and individual notions, the central claim being that the key to many of Leibniz's fundamental theses is to consider his argument, starting from his predicate-in-subject account of truth (that in a true statement the notion of the predicate is contained in that of the subject), against purely extrinsic denominations: this argument shows why there is an internal foundation for all denominations, why everything in the world is interconnected, why each substance expresses all the others, and why every change in the world is reflected as a real, internal change in every substance.

cerned, nothing said by a philosopher could possibly justify drawing such a conclusion. We are far more certain of the findings of science and commonsense than of the validity and soundness of any philosophical argument deployed against them (Moore 1909(Moore /1922. Moore and Russell were thus led to a very different account of how the knowing subject is situated in the world, an account that maximises, rather than minimises, our exposure to what's really out there.

In this paper, we consider multi-parametric method for solution of unsteady temperature twodimensional MHD laminar boundary layer. Outer magnetic field induction is assumed as function of longitudinal coordinate and time with force lines perpendicular to the body on which boundary layer forms. Temperature varies along body surface with longitudinal coordinate, but not with time. Further, electric field is neglected and value of magnetic Reynolds number is significantly less then one i.e. problem is considered in induction-less approximation. According to temperature differences under 50 o C physical properties of fluid are constant. Introducing new variables and then similarity parameters, starting equations are transformed into universal form. Obtained universal equations and corresponding boundary conditions do not contain explicit characteristics of particular problems. Appropriate approximations of obtained equations are solved numerically in this paper, and a part of obtained results is given in the form of figures and corresponding conclusions.

La mondialisation semble faire ressurgir la notion de communaute humaine mondiale afin de penser un ordre juridique commun ou mondialise qui lui soit applicable ; il permettrait de depasser le phenomene des Etats souverains et de transformer le droit in-ter-etatique classique au profit d'un nouveau droit commun. L'etude s'efforce de montrer l'interet et les limites d'une telle perspective en revelant, dans un premier temps, les deux modeles de communautes juridiques herites de l'histoire de la pensee, et en faisant valoir, dans un second temps, comment on peut, en s'inspirant de Kant et de certains auteurs contempo-rains, integrer la pensee d'un cosmopolitisme modere pour penser l'ordre juridique internatio-nal contem-porain sans tomber dans la radicalite d'un strict interetatisme ou d'un strict mon-dialisme.

In a component-based development process the selection of components is an activity that takes place over multiple lifecycle phases that span from requirement specifications through design to implementation and integration. In different phases, different assumptions are valid and different granularity of information is available, which has a consequence that different procedure should be used in the selection process and an automated tool support for an optimized component selection would be very helpful in each phase. In this paper we analyze the assumptions and propose the selection procedure in the requirements phase. The selection criterion is based on cost minimization of the whole system while assuring a certain degree of satisfaction of the system requirements that can be considered before designing the whole architecture. For the selection and optimization procedure we have adopted the DEER (DEcision support for componEnt-based softwaRe) framework, previously developed to be used in the selection process in the design phase. The output of DEER indicates the optimal combination of single COTS (Commercial-Off-The-Shelf) components and assemblies of COTS that satisfy the requirements while minimizing costs. In a case study we illustrate the selection and optimization procedure and an analysis of the model sensitivity to changes in the requirements.

This master's thesis examines the criminal liability of Canadian corporations for their involvement in international crimes committed in part or entirely overseas. First, we observe that initial developments by the military tribunals established after the Second World War in recognizing criminal liability of collective entities were not pursued by the United Nations ad hoc tribunals and the International Criminal Court. In fact, the personal jurisdiction of the latter tribunals does not extend to organizations and is limited to the prosecution of natural persons accused of committing international crimes. In the second part of this thesis, we offer concrete examples to illustrate that Canadian corporations have assumed and continue to assume criminal roles in supporting civil wars and armed conflicts where international crimes are committed. We will demonstrate that Canadian criminal law attributes criminal liability to an organization (corporations or unincorporated groups) for common law offences committed in Canada, under direct or accomplice liability. We further maintain that Canadian corporations may be prosecuted before Canadian courts for their involvement in international crimes committed overseas, in accordance with the Crimes against Humanity and War Crimes Act, the principle of universal jurisdiction and common law rules. In conclusion, Canada has the necessary legal and judicial instruments to prosecute corporations suspected of committing international crimes overseas and is therefore capable of ending their undesirable status of impunity.

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Decision-making involves choosing between one ore more alternatives, to achieve one or more goals. To support this process, there are decision support systems that employ different approaches, supporting groups or not. Generally, however, these systems do not have great flexibility; their users have to follow preestablished decision methods. This paper, after exposing some decision-making processes, describes a system, LaSca (from Large Scale), to support decisions in large-scale groups. This system, besides allowing effective achievement of the benefits of deciding in large groups through the proper structuring of the group, also allows its users to define themselves how this structuring will happen, based or not in the existing theories on the subject. So, in addition to facilitate the decision-making process, LaSca also allows its users to decide how to decide.

objcto' en el contexto del Tradatus. Se argumenta que (i) los 'objetos' son entidades lógicas, nados de la red lógica común a todos los mundos posibles; (u) los términos generales no son 'nombres' y, por tanto, los 'objetos' son particulares. ABSTRACF: In this paper we provide art interpretation of dic concept o 'objecC. iii dic cantext of W¡ttgcnstein~Tractatus. Wc argue that (1) 'objects'are logical entities, dc nades of tite logical net which is common to aPI possible worlds; <Ii) general words are not 'nanies' aoci, therefore, 'objcets' are particulars.

La mondialisation semble faire ressurgir la notion de communauté humaine mondiale afin de penser un ordre juridique commun ou mondialisé qui lui soit applicable ; il permettrait de dépasser le phénomène des États souverains et de transformer le droit interétatique classique au profit d'un nouveau droit commun. L'étude s'efforce de montrer l'intérêt et les limites d'une telle perspective en révélant, dans un premier temps, les deux modèles de communautés juridiques hérités de l'histoire de la pensée, et en faisant valoir, dans un second temps, comment on peut, en s'inspirant de Kant et de certains auteurs contemporains, intégrer la pensée d'un cosmopolitisme modéré pour penser l'ordre juridique international contemporain sans tomber dans la radicalité d'un strict interétatisme ou d'un strict mondialisme.

The Data Warehouse (DW) design is based on multidimensional (MD) modeling which structures information into facts and dimensions. Due to the confidentiality of the data that it stores, it is crucial to specify security and audit measures from the early stages of design and to enforce them throughout the lifecycle. Moreover, the standard framework for software development, Model Driven Architecture (MDA), allows us to define transformations between models by proposing Query/View/Transformations (QVT). This proposal permits the definition of formal, elegant and unequivocal transformations between Platform Independent Models (PIM) and Platform Specific Models (PSM). This paper introduces a new framework for the design of secure DWs based on MDA and QVT, which covers all the design phases (conceptual, logical and physical) and specifies security measures in all of them. We first define two metamodels with which to represent security and audit measures at the conceptual and logical levels. We then go on to define a transformation between these models through which to obtain the traceability of the security rules from the early stages of development to the final implementation. Finally, in order to show the benefits of our proposal, it is applied to a case study.

The present essay is the first part of an analysis regarding aspects of Aristotle’s ontology. Aristotle’s ontology is, in my opinion, a formal ontology that examines the fundamental structures of reality and that investigates the features belonging to entities such as substance, quantity, quality, universals. Aristotle’s ontology investigates, moreover, the reciprocal relations existing between these entities. Aristotle’s interpretation of universals is not, in my opinion, a nominalist interpretation of universals: I do not think Aristotle regards universals as being only mental entities. Aristotle, rather, aims at the differentiation between the realms of reality to which individuals and universals belong.
In this part of my investigation, I first expose my interpretation of the fundaments of Aristotle’s ontology. Thereafter, I concentrate my attention on chapter Metaphysics Zeta 13: I comment on Aristotle’s investigation regarding the ontological features belonging to the universal qua universal and to the substance qua substance.
I analyse the ontological laws that Aristotle finds about universal and substance: substance and universals are considered by Aristotle as mutually incompatible entities. The analysis shows that a false interpretation of the features of the universals endangers the whole ontology.
Moreover, the Third-Man-Regress, which is one of the consequences of the misunderstanding of the position of universals in the reality, is regarded as the key to the interpretation of one of Aristotle’s aims: Aristotle aims at the foundation of a typological ontology putting individual entities and universal entities on different levels of reality. The danger of the Third-Man-Regress is avoided through the introduction of a new ontology, that is, through the introduction of the typological ontology of the entities.
The uploaded version is the PDF of my Word essay. The published version can be found at the address: https://cis01.central.ucv.ro/analele_universitatii/filosofie/2017/Anale40_2.pdf

Many methods in the area of Human-Computer Interaction have been developed for deriving user interfaces considering individual users. However, nowadays information systems include more than single interaction, there is a need to explicitly include multi user interaction during the design process of information systems. One of this approaches are workflow systems. Workflow information systems present the view of the organization, while modelling their business process; workflow systems define explicitly the role of each actor during the performance of the different tasks. The introduction of aspects such as: organizational units, agendas, Wok list, user stereotypes and resources, allows the design of more robust systems, especially when all of them are considered during the development of the User Interfaces needed. In this paper, we present a model-driven approach to derive user interfaces of a workflow information system from a series of models. A graphical editor has been developed. It is described and exemplified on a real-world case study for designing the user interfaces of a workflow information system.

Hofstede identified four value dimensions at the country level but did not find matching dimensions at the individual level. Schwartz discriminated different sets of value constructs at individual and country-levels, based on separate analyses per level. In this article, the authors directly examine the degree of similarity or isomorphism between the structure of values in individual-and country-level analyses, using multidimensional scaling followed by generalized Procrustes analysis. Using data from the Schwartz Value Survey from 53 and 66 countries, the authors find substantial similarity in structure across levels, but indices fall somewhat short of structural isomorphism. The authors then test hypotheses regarding possible causes of the less than perfect isomorphism between the levels. Number of countries (sample size at country level) and structural shifts in individual items account for some of the lack of isomorphism. Implications for future cross-cultural research are discussed.

In this second part of my analysis dedicated to Aristotle’s way towards a new ontology, I shall mainly deal with the following subjects:
- aspects of Aristotle’s criticism of ideas;
- Aristotle construction of a new ontological scheme based on the two realms of reality represented, respectively, by properties in and of themselves and by concretized properties (i.e., individualized properties).
As regards Aristotle’s criticism of ideas, I principally concentrate my attention on the incompatibility between idea and genus: this part of the analysis focuses on the chapter Metaphysics Zeta 14 and on a passage taken from Topics Zeta 6. Through these texts it is shown that the correct features of the genus are incompatible with the features attributed to ideas in the ontological system maintaining the existence of ideas: no genus can be considered as being separated, as being a substance and as being numerically one. Further elements of Aristotle’s criticism of ideas are taken from the chapter Metaphysics Iota 10, which exposes an interesting attack on ideas based on the mutual foreignness – as regards the genus they belong to – between ideas, on the one hand, and entities of the concrete reality, on the other hand: this reciprocal foreignness originates from the properties respectively of being-perishable, assigned to ideas, and of being-imperishable, assigned to the entities of the concrete reality. Ideas and entities of the perishable reality, which, in the opinion of those who plead for the existence of ideas, should have common properties, do not have, actually, anything in common.
Aristotle’s construction of an ontology based on different realms of reality constitutes the second subject of my analysis: in my opinion, Aristotle differentiates in the passages I analyse between the following two realms of reality:
- properties in and of themselves, which do not exist in the realm of instantiations, but which can be individualized into the instantiations (the realm which properties in and of themselves belong to, is the realm constituted by structures, properties and laws of the reality);
- concretized properties, represented by individual entities, which are, constitutively, instantiations of properties in and of themselves (the realm which concretized properties belong to, is the realm constituted by the concretizations of structures, of properties and of laws of the reality).
This differentiation between these two realms is developed in many passages of Aristotle’s works; in this part of my analysis I take into consideration passages from Metaphysics Lambda 5, from De Caelo I 9 and from Metaphysics Zeta 15.
The uploaded text is the PDF of my word analysis. The published version can be found at the address: https://cis01.central.ucv.ro/analele_universitatii/filosofie/2018/Anale42_2.pdf

Resumo: Essa comunicação possui dois objetivos. Em primeiro lugar, pretendo esboçar as diferentes alternativas teóricas contemporâneas que procuram responder ao conhecido " problema dos universais". Para isso, apresentamos os nominalismos de predicados, classes, semelhanças e a teoria de tropos. Em segundo lugar, pretendo mostrar, inspirado no trabalho de David Lewis, como o nominalismo de classes, a noção de propriedade natural e uma teoria de mundos possíveis prometem resolver o problema em questão.

The design of the groupware systems is a progressively extended task, which is difficult to tackle. There are not proposals to support the joint modeling of collaborative and interactive issues of this kind of systems, that is, proposals that allow designing the presentation layer of these applications. In order to solve this lack we propose a methodological approach, based on a set of notations of both a graphical and a textual nature.

Among theory theorists, it is commonly thought that folk psychological theory is tacitly known. However, folk psychological knowledge has none of the central features of tacit knowledge. But if it is ordinary knowledge, why is it that we have difficulties expressing anything but a handful of folk psychological generalisations? The reason is that our knowledge is of theoretical models and hypotheses, not of universal generalisations. Adopting this alternative view of (scientific) theories, we come to see that, given time and reflection, we can say what we know. Thanks to Ian Ravenscroft for drawing my attention to the work of Ronald Giere, to Brett Hyde for getting the linguistics examples right, to

More than 60,000 people die suddenly each year in France due to cardiac arrhythmias. The current techniques used to diagnose cardiac arrhythmias such as HOLTER, R.TEST and telemetry system are partially efficient owing to the limitation of the duration of monitoring. This paper presents a new system dedicated to real-time cardiac arrhythmias teleassistance and monitoring. This system is generally composed of 4 main configurable elements: wireless ECG sensor, local access unit, remote centre server, and remote surveillance terminal. The main technical challenges of this system include three aspects: a real-time automatic ECG diagnostic algorithm, an embedded real-time multi-task operating system, and a real-time reliable telemedicine communication protocol. This paper gives our solutions to these problems and specifies the technical details. Currently, this system has been evaluated on thirty patients at the CHRU of Gabriel Montpied hospital (Clermont-Ferrand, France) and also been used to test the athletes' cardiac status during the physical exercises. The performance results show that this system meets fully the requirements of real-time cardiac monitoring and diagnosing application and can be used as a long-term cardiac healthcare equipment.