Telos

TELOS no comparte necesariamente las opiniones vertidas en los artículos firmados, que expresan, como es obvio, la posición de sus autores. La Revista TELOS está incluida en los índices internacionales y nacionales, Latindex, E-Revistas y RESH, Revistas Españolas de Ciencias Sociales (CSIC/CINDOC) y Europan Referente Index for the Humanities (ERIH).

This research attempts to analyze the relevance that the knowledge and effective handling of Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP) offers as a strategy for communications both for individuals and for organizations; basing it’s importance on a combination of technique and arts in relation to a cognitive base; with a view to promoting patterns of ideal conduct in order to obtain objectives and goals that orient personal development in excellence organizations generating synergy of strategically structured equipment. It is a descriptive and exploratory study; typified as non-experimental, documentary and descriptive; using descriptive observation and content analysis to collect and treat information. Through the study it was possible to conclude that NLP generates true knowledge and control of emotions in individuals and organizations, promoting balance in individual and organizational behavior.

La investigacion tiene sentido en la practica social generando una relacion de interdependencia entre ellas, circulando suficiente produccion intelectual para generar riqueza en el marco de una relacion justa y equilibrada. Estas premisas sirven como referencia para el estudio, cuyo objetivo general es proponer los retos de la universidad del siglo XXI para fortalecer la responsabilidad social universitaria y los procesos investigativos. Teoricamente se consideraron los aportes de Cavero (2006), Martinez y Pico (2006), Garcia (2000), Congreso Nacional (1970), Nava (2008), entre otros. Metodologicamente, se utilizo el enfoque dialectico y hermeneutico, considerando los principios de la actividad del sujeto en el proceso de produccion del conocimiento y la multilateralidad; como poblacion, 20 doctorantes y maestrantes que actuaron como informantes claves, con igual numero de reportes para desarrollar el trabajo de campo, usando como procedimientos la conversacion natural como forma di...

In questo lavoro di tesi ho provato ad esporre lo scontro tra giustizia e moralità, le loro difficoltà di convivenza, nonché le differenti interpretazioni che filosofi e intellettuali hanno attribuito alla diatriba.
L’idea è nata nello scorso periodo primaverile, quando in seguito al consiglio di un amico, ho iniziato a seguire, sul celebre portale Youtube, il corso Justice: What’s the right thing to do? tenuto da Michael J. Sandel, professore di filosofia morale all’università di Harvard.
In poco tempo mi sono appassionato alle sue lezioni, grazie soprattutto al suo approccio critico e all’utilizzo di numerosi esempi illuminanti.
Arrivato a questo punto, ho intrapreso la lettura dell’opera Giustizia: il nostro bene comune dello stesso Michael J. Sandel, nel quale veniva affrontato proprio il problema dello scontro tra moralità e giustizia nei vari ambiti della vita pubblica.
La riflessione che propongo affronta tale problema e, attraverso l’analisi proposta dallo stesso Sandel, presenta le diverse prese di posizione in essa.
Innanzitutto presenterò la concezione che Aristotele aveva della giustizia, e il suo legame col concetto di telos.
In seguito, cercherò di esporre la dottrina utilitaristica di Jeremy Bentham, che verrà messa a confronto con quel movimento che prenderà il nome di ‘libertarismo’, per la strenua difesa del principio della libertà, elevato a primo principio da rispettare.
Da questo punto, passerò alla seconda parte della riflessione proposta con la figura di Kant, e l’innovativa concezione dell’uomo come soggetto indipendente, dotato di ragione, che lo porterà a rifiutare i due sistemi appena citati.
Infine, dopo la presentazione della concezione egualitarista di John Rawls, cercherò di dedurre le conclusioni e la presa di posizione dello stesso Michael J. Sandel.
L’intento è quello di rispondere ad interrogativi che ci troviamo ad affrontare nella quotidianità, nonostante il loro carattere sia assolutamente fondamentale.
Ragionare su cosa sia giusto, significa realmente riflettere su quale sia l’obiettivo dell’attività in questione? L’idea fondamentale in una società deve essere quella di massimizzare la felicità? È giusto uccidere una persona per salvare delle vite? L’utilitarismo rispetta i diritti individuali? È possibile attribuire un valore alla vita umana? La vita di un giovane ha più valore di quella di un anziano? La libertà deve essere il nostro primo principio da difendere? È giusto tassare i ricchi per finanziare i poveri? Le persone sono libere di vendere le proprie parti del corpo? I principi che regolamentano la nostra vita dovrebbero essere scelti in una posizione originaria paritaria? I governi devono intervenire nelle questioni etiche? Chi possiede il primato nello scontro tra la giustizia e il bene?

Esta nota trata sobre las escalas de medicion en estadistica y la necesidad de su estudio. La estadistica forma parte de nuestra vida cotidiana. Es comun hablar de estadisticas referentes a multiples hechos: el precio del dolar, el precio del barril de petroleo, el numero de accidentes ocurridos el fin de semana, el cambio de temperatura, la calidad de cierto articulo, la proporcion de enfermos en la ciudad a causa de cierta epidemia. Un ejemplo popular de dato estadistico es el promedio de bateo en el juego de beisbol; muchas personas comparan jugadores segun ese promedio, aunque dicho concepto solo tiene sentido para quienes conocen ese juego; alguien no versado en la materia no puede interpretar su significado ni lo comprende. De alli la importancia de analizar la informacion estadistica acompanada del conocimiento sobre el fenomeno bajo estudio, de lo contrario dicha informacion se hace inutil.

This study of Greek time before Aristotle’s philosophy starts with a commentary on his first text, the Protrepticus. We shall see two distinct forms of time emerge: one initiatory, circular and Platonic in inspiration, the other its diametrical opposite, advanced by Aristotle. We shall explore this dichotomy through a return to poetic conceptions. The Tragedians will give us an initial outline of the notion of time in the Greek world (Fate); we shall then turn to Homer in order to better grasp the complex relations between time and the religious sphere (the Hero); the work of the great theologian Hesiod will confirm this initiatory vision, later set out in remarkable fashion by Nietzsche (Myths); we shall then dive deep into Pythagoreanism to complete our account (Mysteries). Having understood this current of thought, powerfully influenced by the Iranian theogony, we shall be able to discern its clear differences from the so-called “Ionian” current, and thus to move away from Plato (Ideology). Lastly, we shall return to the early Ionian thinkers Thales and Anaximander to analyse whether this really was the vision of the world that Aristotle adopted in developing the first model of time (Science). In the second volume we shall see the return of the thought of the theologoi within the Aristotelian corpus itself, and will question our distinction between the being and existence of time.

Régis Laurent is a philosopher and member of the association Kairos Kai logos (Centre for the study of ancient philosophy). This book is the first part of his doctoral thesis in philosophy, undertaken under the aegis of three French universities (Grenoble, Clermont-Ferrand and Rennes). In addition to his philosophical training, the author is also qualified to Masters level in linguistics and in general psychology, and studied theology at the Thomist University in Paris (ULSH) and at the CEJ of the EHESS.
Trad Trista SELOUS of the book of Régis LAURENT : METAPHYSIQUE DU TEMPS CHEZ ARISTOTE - I - Recherches historiques sur les conceptions mythologiques
et astronomiques précédant la philosophie aristotélicienne, villegagnons-plaisance, 2009/04/16, Paris, www.editions-villegagnons.com

Another appraisal of Aristotle´s configuration of potentiality and actuality and the latter as a division between Entelecheia and Energeia may open up a new consideration of being and power. Through it, we may dispel Agamben´s interpretation of power that shrouds political action in impotence. When we read Energeia as power without transcendent finality, contingency, as the order of the political, is released and with it the possibility of becoming-other is open anew. Contingency means that only when beings exist, not as a necessity, is the meaning of being necessary.

Page 1. Alasdair MacIntyre is one of the foremost critics of liberalism. As an alternative to the abstract utilitarianism and emotivist relativism of lib-eral moral theory, he has proposed virtue-ethics and “tradition-constituted rationality ...

Energy independence as the goal of EU energy policy encourages energy
efficiency measures and renewable energy sources (RES) implementation.
Photovoltaic (PV) plants represent the usual technical solution when
reconstructing/maintaining a roof or as an investment that is expected to
result with a material gain. The viability of the investment is
unquestionable, but when the means of implementation are provided by an
external institution, a cost-effectiveness analysis is necessary. When a
financial institution has no experience with similar projects, the complete
TELOS analysis is required. This paper provides a complete TELOS analysis
(Technology Feasibility, Economic, Legal, Operational and Schedule
Feasibility) of the PV power plant implementation.

Hegel arrived injena early in 1801, freed from his tutorial duties by the inheritance he received upon the death of his father. There he aided Schelling in the editing of the Critical Journal of Philosophy, won a post at the university, published a series of long articles in the Journal and accumulated a pile of lecture notes which have seen the light of day only in our century. He departed from the town rather hastily in 1807 leaving behind a university closed as a result of Napoleon's victory over the forces of the Holy Roman Empire and a book, the Phenomenology of Spirit, finished on the eve of the battle. It woi. 1 seem easier to make sense out of Hegel's activities in this period than to come to grips with his writings from the Berne and Frankfurt periods. There he was embarked on a project whose outlines are obscure and whose intent is difficult to recapture. At Jena he had become a systematic philosopher. From Frankfurt we have but two pages of what seems to be a comprehensive philosophical system. From Jena we have what will amount to four volumes of system drafts and lecture notes. In his early period his writing is couched in an odd combination of Tubingen theology, critical philosophy, and moral psychology. Injena, post-Kantian philosophy wins out. However clumsy the writings seem, at least the sources for the terms are known: Schelling, Fichte, and Kant. And above all, the early period ends with a whimper; his theologicopolitical treatise is never brought to a coherent conclusion. Jena ends with Napoleon and a book. Rarely has any period in a thinker's life had such a clearly drawn conclusion. Matters of course are not as they seem, and difficulties cannot be escaped. First of all there is the problem of that book. Hegel's attempt to hold out a ladder by which one may ascend from ordinary knowledge to the Absolute results in a more difficult climb than his benign metaphor suggests. The ladder sets one off on a rougher trail, which in turn leads to rock faces, glaciers, sudden storms, and the bleached bones of quite a few unwary climbers who made the ascent not knowing what they would find in the higher elevations. Early ascents seemed to assume that if one could find one clear motif-for Kojeve, the dialectic of master and slave, for Wahl, the unhappy consciousness, for Heidegger, the discussion of knowledge in the Introduction of the book, for Lukacs, the discussion of the self-estranged spirit-a safe path to the Absolute might be beaten with a minimum of difficulties. The less than successful results of these efforts have not seemed to disuade a few contemporary authors that indeed this is, as advertised, a propaedeutic and that one can make the climb with little advanced preparation. The results in the last ten years have been a few more bodies on the higher elevations. In part the problem may lie in the second apparent advantage the Jena writings have over the writings of Hegel's theological period. The languages spoken here are recognizable easily enough, but Hegel's pidgin isn't. Within the System der Sittlichkeit, for instance, Hegel moves from a set of terms derived from Schelling ("Potenz," •This is the second of three article-length reviews of recent Hegel literature.

El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar la influencia de los mapas conceptuales en lo afectivo-valorativo del estudiante para aprender Biología. Las teorías que sirvieron de apoyo las fueron Díaz y Hernández (2007), Novak (1998). La investigación se realizó en la Unidad Educativa José Antonio Almarza; fue de tipo experimental con un diseño cuasi-experimental. La población estuvo conformada por 468 estudiantes, de donde se seleccionó una muestra de 68 estudiantes (33 del grupo control) y (35 el grupo experimental). La técnica utilizada para recolectar información fue la observación; el instrumento, una hoja de registro validado previamente por expertos en el área. Se aplicó la prueba t de student para establecer los grados de significancia entre el pre y postest, el análisis de los resultados se efectuó mediante la estadística descriptiva y la inferencial a través de frecuencias, porcentajes, media y la desviación estándar. Como resultados los mapas conceptuales aumentan en los estudiantes su responsabilidad para aprender Biología, respeto hacia la forma de pensar de los demás, valoración del trabajo en equipo, importancia para aprender Biología e incorporación de experiencias significativas del contexto. En conclusión que los mapas conceptuales ejercencen influencia en el desarrollo de sentimientos y valores en los estudiantes para aprender dicha ciencia.

Palabras clave: Mapas conceptuales, estrategias, enseñanza, afectivo-valorativo, constructivismo.

Acosta, S., y Acosta, R. (2010). Los mapas conceptuales y su influencia en lo afectivo-valorativo del estudiante para aprender biología. Telos, 12(3), 360-377.
http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=99317168007

As a result of the Cartesian dichotomy of external reality and the inner mind, the physical body has no end purpose, or telos, within the modern West. Postmodern philosophy sees the body as irrelevant when one’s identity is grounded in how one feels in their mind. Such beliefs have led to the surge of homosexual tendencies within modern culture. While the modern understanding of sexuality is complicated, the West must begin to adhere to the “psycho-physical unity” of mind and body that the Christian worldview promotes for total human flourishing.

El concepto de Negocios Inclusivos (NI) con la Base de la Pirámide (BDP) ha sido formulado para describir y sistematizar un conjunto de experiencias surgidas en los años 2000, orientadas a generar inclusión social mediante la creación de emprendimientos asociativos de personas pobres, incorporados a la cadena de valor de empresas. El desarrollo teórico y la investigación empírica sobre esta estrategia de inclusión económica y social son todavía incipientes. No obstante ello, el análisis de un amplio abanico de experiencias ha permitido elaborar algunas herramientas conceptuales útiles para orientar la reflexión teórica, la investigación empírica y el análisis estratégico de este tipo de negocio. Este documento tiene como objetivo presentar algunas de esas herramientas que han sido diseñadas en base al estudio de casos de NI en Uruguay. El documento parte de una revisión bibliográfica sobre el tema, que recorre los principales abordajes teóricos (Prahalad y Hammond, 2005; Austin y Ch...

En este artículo se analizan algunas de las implicaciones que tienen las prácticas de triaje para la ética de desastres. Se considera la centralidad técnica de la cuantificación en los modelos algorítmicos y numéricos de triaje y se incide en la prevalencia normativa de los criterios consecuencialistas, incluso cuando éstos hayan de ajustarse a sistemas de múltiples principios. Finalmente se sugiere que una concepción ética de los desastres precisa de una perspectiva compleja y integral de la gestión de los desastres que no se limite a la fase de respuesta inmediata a los mismos y que supere a la par que integre los principios de la bioética y la indispensabilidad de los criterios consecuencialistas en las decisiones de triaje

partially translated byT.M. Knox and Z.A. Pelczynski, eds., Hegel's Political Writings (Oxford, 1964). Knox has subsequently translated the natural law essay and the System der Sittlichheit. Both will be discussed in the sequel to this article. 7. Hegel's Political Writings, p. 131; George Armstrong Kelly has also strongly objected to this claim. See his Hegel's Retreat from Eleusis (Princeton, 1978), p. 8. 8. Hoffmeister's 1932 edition (fenaer Realphilosophie I) dated the manuscripts from 1802, i.e., at the start of the Jena period. H. Kimmerle's study of the manuscripts, "Zu Chronologie von Hegel's Jenaer Schriften," in Hegel-Studien 4 (1967), pp. 125-176, now dates them from no earlier than 1804. Hence, they represent a later stage in Hegel's thinking about logic than Plant assumed and are not the systematic key to the entire Jena period. On Hegel's Jena logics, see J.H. Trede, "Hegels frtlhe Logik (1801-1803-04)," Hegel-Studien 7 (1972). 9. Stanley Rosen, G. W.F. Hegel. An Introduction to the Science of Wisdom (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1974). 10. Joachim Ritter, "Hegel und die franzosische Revolution" (1956), now in Ritter, Metaphysik und Politik (Frankfurt, 1969)-a basic and important study. A translation of this is in progress. Manfred Riedel, Studien zu Hegels Rechtsphilosophie (Frankfurt, 1969) and BUrgerliche Gesellschaft und Stoat: Grundproblem und Struktur der Hegelschen Rechtsphilosophie (Neuwied, 1970). 11. There are also parallels to Husserl, who was also a major influence on Strauss. The discussion in Strauss' Natural Right and History (Chicago, 1953) should be supplemented by Wilhelm Hennis' similar account, "Politik und praktische Philosophic" now in Politik und praktische Philosophie: Schriften zur politischen Theorie (Stuttgart, 1963), an essay of importance for Habermas' discussion in "The Classical Doctrine of Politics in Relation to Social Philosophy," now in Theory and Practice, trans. J. Viertel (Boston, 1973). The weakness of this sort of account-which rests on the hypostatizing of a single "classical doctrine" and then proceeds to measure "modernity" in terms of deviations from this norm-cannot be discussed here. But seeJ.G.A. Pocock, "Machiavelli and Guicciardini: Ancients and Moderns," Canadian Journal of Political and Social Theory 2:3 (1978), pp. 93-109, who discusses the failings of this sort of dichotomy of "ancients and moderns" for Florentine republican theory. Habermas' discussion also falters rather badly on Machiavelli.

By way of a lecture and assesment ofHume's «On Suicide» (written in 1755-1757, posthumately published in 1777 edition ofthe withdrawn essays), a defense of the right to commit suicide or autonomotanasia is offered. Being translated this essay into Spanish in four different editions -and being included into contemporary british practica! ethics readings-, we have up to this moment almost no study of its value and main theses. A coherent empirist, atheological and utilitarianist view of this work is provided, connecting its main and central ideas with present debate on individual rights and providing an specifically ethical-neither medical nor pathological-lecture ofthe suicide problem.

Over the past five decades, anti-racism institutionalized itself within all democratic nations. Yet the movement also turned against itself by intellectualizing and politicizing itself among minorities actively engaged in a "radical critique" of dominations of class, gender, and race. From the 1970s onward, these tendencies increased, giving rise, in the United States and then in many Western democracies, to "political correctness" as a form of policing of ordinary and expert language, as well as of political opinions and beliefs. It is within this framework that the reversal of antiracism occurred, based on two correlative operations: (1) The proliferation of identity postures led to a tendency of monopolizing the fight against racism according to the principle "to each group identity its 'racism' and its 'anti-racism,'" thereby fueling competition between self-victimized groups. (2) In parallel, the racialization of models of intelligibility of the social adorned the confused notion of "race" with explanatory value in

Nesrin ŞEVİK • Muharrem TOSUN • Öz Çalışmamızda modern çeviribilim kuramının ana kavramlarından olan "erek" kavramının etimolojisini inceleyeceğiz. Erekbilim (teleoloji) alanının merkez kavramı olan ve Aristoteles'in teleolojik yaklaşımıyla felsefe literatürüne giren erek kavramı, daha sonra birçok filozofa ilham kaynağı olmuştur. Türkçesi "amaç" sözcüğüyle karşılanabilecek "erek" sözcüğünün, "amaç" sözcüğünün ötesinde bir kavramsal ve terimsel anlamı vardır. Felsefede önemli bir bakış açısının merkez terimcesi olan "erek" kavramı, 1980'li yıllardan itibaren çeviribilimin merkez kavramı haline gelmiştir. Çeviribilimde çevirinin yapıldığı metin ve çevresini ifade eden "erek" kavramı, Cumhuriyet dönemi öz Türkçe akımında ortaya atılmış ve günlük dilde kullanım imkanı bulmamasına rağmen, felsefe ve bilim kuramlarında "telos" kavramının karşılanması için üzerinde uzlaşıma varılmış bir sözcük olmuştur. Erek sözcüğünü günlük dildeki amaç sözcüğüyle eşdeğer göremeyeceğimiz gibi, erek sözcüğünün kavramsal anlamında bir sözcüğün anlamından çok daha geniş anlama sahip olduğunu söyleyebiliriz. Makalemizde "erek" kavramının etimolojisi üzerinde durarak, bu kavramın felsefe ve çeviribilimdeki işlevini ortaya koymaya çalışacağız. Abstract The concept of 'target', one of the basic concepts of modern translation studies, is examined in terms of its etymology in this article. This concept, the central concept in the field of teleology, entered into the philosophical literature with the teleological approach of Aristotle, and became an inspiration to lots of philosophers in subsequent period. Although its Turkish equivalent may be 'purpose', its conceptional and terminological meaning is far beyond this equivalent. The concept of 'target' belonging to the main terminology of an important philosophical approach has become the central concept of translation studies since 1980s. This concept referring to the translated text and its environment was suggested within the context of pure Turkish movement in the Republican Period. Despite lack of its colloquial use, there is an agreement in philosophical and scientific theories that it is the equivalent of the concept of 'telos'. The word of 'target' cannot be considered as the equivalent of the word of purpose in ordinary language, but it can be stated that this word has a wider conceptional meaning than any word. This article focuses on the concept of 'target', and suggests not only its etymology, but also its function in philosophy and translation studies. Giriş Türkiye'de erek odaklı çeviribilim adıyla anılan modern çeviribilim ve çeviri araştırmalarının merkezinde kaynak metinlerin değil, bilakis erek metinlerin yer almasıyla birlikte çevirinin merkezine yerleşen "erek metin" terimi, çevirinin yapılmış olduğu dildeki metin, yani çevirinin kendisi anlamına gelmektedir. Çeviribilim terimcesinde "çeviri" ya da "çeviri metin" yerine "erek metin" teriminin kullanılması tesadüfi değildir. Bu durum tamamen kuramsal bir temele dayanmakta ve "erek metin" terimiyle kaynak metnin amaçlı bir çevirisinden söz edilmektedir. Çünkü Skopos odaklı çeviri kuramları, işlevsel çeviribilim ve çoğul dizge kuramlarının her birinde çevirinin amacı, erek kültür dizgesinde amaca

This chapter compares Western philosophical and scientific foundations with Buddhist philosophies on the topic of flourishing in nature. It argues that flourishing is good by querying the purpose of nature, the existence of God and the good. Defining flourishing in terms of Aristotle’s final cause, and questioning some of the assumptions of the founders of modern science, the chapter presents a common quandary – whether science and faith are reconcilable.  Through attempting to steer a Middle way between belief in eternal souls, gods and divine purposes, and the depressing conclusions of nihilists and (some) atheists, it suggests that Buddhism can be seen as scientific, if the definition of what counts as an ‘observation’ is widened. Then, by weaving together Buddhism and Aristotle, the chapter makes the case for the positive value of flourishing in nature and among humans.

Plato's Symposium contains two accounts of eros which explicitly aim to reach a telos. The first is the technocratic account of the doctor Eryximachus, who seeks an exhaustive account of eros, common to all things with a physical nature. For him medical techne can create an orderly erotic harmony; while religion is defined as the curing of disorderly eros. Against this Socrates recounts the priestess Diotima finding a telos, not in technical exhaustiveness, but in a

Öz Çeviribilimde etkin bir rol oynayan Skopos kuramı çeviride erek odaklılı-ğı öne çıkaran bir kuram olmakla birlikte, kuramın bilimsel anlamda ağır-lık noktasını çeviride amacı öncelemesi oluşturmaktadır. Kuramın öncüsü olan Alman çeviribilimci Hans J. Vermeer'in (1984) çevirinin hedef ve/veya amacını çeviribilim terminolojisi bağlamında Yunanca "Skopos"' kavramı ile karşılaması tesadüf değildir. Bu çalışmada Yunanca hedef anlamına gelen Skopos'un kökeni, ilk anlamı ve tarihi serüveninde uğramış olduğu anlamsal değişiklikler ele alınacak olup, çeviribilim alanında çok tartışılan bir kuram olan Skopos kuramıyla ilgili yanlış anlama ve uygulamalar farklı bir bakış açısıyla irdelenecektir. Yine bu çalışmayla kavramsal köklerine inilmeksizin genel olarak ereklilik (finalistik) bağlamıyla değerlendirilen ve salt amaca yönelik anlaşılan Skopos kuramının, sadece erek metin üzerinden bir amaçla anlaşılamayacağının ve şimdiye dek süregelen yanlış anlaşılmasının düzel-tilmesi amaçlanmaktadır.

In 'On the Political: Schmitt contra Schmitt', Arditi is occupied with the task of revitalising Schmitt, to open or retrace various interpretative paths that allow us use Schmitt in trajectories which he did not envisage or did not pursue. Arditi takes his reader by the hand into an exploration of a series of issues arising from Schmitt's theory: disputes regarding the bellicose nature of the political, the identification of politics in the political, the charge of formalism and the normative dimension of order. Arditi's article has seducing aspects. Firstly, the piece is devoted to a discussion of the relationship between the political and war. Essentially, Arditi wants to show that Schmitt's account of the political is not as bellicose and war-exalting as it might seem on a first glance. This attempt proves fruitful and pushes an interpretation of Schmitt that can be extended to comprehend phenomena such as the Cold War, if by war we mean something akin to a Hobbesian reading, where war is not limited to battle, but to the threat of conflict or " as a disposition to fight ". Once the meaning of war is expanded, 1 the Schmittian interpretative lenses appear to be much more versatile, as they can be worn to analyse phenomena such as the Cold War. 2 Moreover, in Arditi's view, this reading of Schmitt is removed from a state-centered locus and can be used to comprehend domestic political opposition without the threat of civil war. Arditi points our attention to a peculiar phenomenon inherent to the friend enemy distinction, he writes: " divisions generate communities of friends that did not exist prior to the designation of adversaries and the willingness to confront them ". Therefore, the 3 phenomenon we witness in the demarcation of the enemy, is considerably revealing of 'our own' nature, which might appear only when we are confronted with an adversary. As Theodor Daubler, a poet and friend of Schmitt writes: " the enemy embodies our own question ". In this passage we find echoes of Sartre's No Exit, where " we can recognize 4 ourselves only in the presence of an Other ". This shows how the enemy might not be the 5 daunting spectre we might have thought: enemies " are not a pure and simple moment of negativity, they function as a constitutive outside by endangering our identity and nonetheless making up one of its conditions of possibility ". 6

Delivered at the Collège de France between January and March 1980, the lectures entitled On the Government of the Living (Du gouvernement des vivants) seem to be the missing piece in the Foucauldian puzzle. Still unpublished, those eleven lectures were intended to set the ...

El instrumento más utilizado para realizar un análisis que permita extraer implicaciones estratégicas para el mejoramiento de las actividades es la Cadena de Valor, la cual identifica el valor para los clientes, fuente confiable de la ventaja competitiva. El Pensamiento estratégico bajo la perspectiva del Enfoque de Morrisey (1985) es intuitivo y está muy ligado al arte, tiene que ver con el punto de vista del estratega de los negocios. Esto permitió concluir que el desempeño superior se logrará a través de la cadena de valor, práctica que desde el punto de vista competitivo que contiene un carácter estratégico fundamental.

En este trabajo se muestra la evolución actual del sistema tecnocientífico (STC). Este sistema ha pasado de una perspectiva neutral a otra policontextural. En esta última la interpenetración intersistémica luhmanniana tiene gran importancia. Por ello, los distintos conocimientos humanos se van uniendo y configurando una nueva manera de comprender la realidad y facilitando nuestro enfrentamiento con situaciones de elevada complejidad. En esta hermenéutica (Kinsella, Santos, Ursúa, etc.), el compromiso con los otros tiene un lugar importante en el STC lo que nos permite transmitir la conexión interdisciplinar, contextualizada e intercultural del STC, enseñar una tecnociencia más humanizada, estimular el estudio de la tecnociencia como vehículo cultural, conecta a la tecnociencia con los problemas reales del mundo y fomenta un repertorio de saberes suficientes e interpenetrados que nos permita situarnos en un determinado ámbito de la realidad.

The following research analyzes, from a political and socio-semiotic perspective, some of the most important aspects of the Civil War by Marvel Comics, as an expression of the events of September 11, 2001, in the United States of America. This text is examined from the postulates of A.J. Greimas and Umberto Eco. In effect, a concrete corpus has been selected, consisting of the seven volumes that represent the main story arc of Marvel Civil War in its original language. To achieve comprehension of the narrative program of the comic, this study provides the context or avan-texte and relevant information to facilitate an interpretation of the political and ideological elements of Marvel’s Civil War , its relation with the allegorical representation of historical events and its textualization as a symbolic expression of contemporary society.

Resumen: Por lo general se piensa que los problemas económicos venezolanos solamente pueden ser descritos por la denominada síntesis neoclásica. Existió a finales del siglo XIX y el siglo XX una serie de aportes que desafiaron las ideas keynesianas y de la Nueva ...

El presente trabajo planteó analizar las funciones gerenciales de los centros de investigación de dos (2) instituciones públicas colombianas, constituidas por la Universidad de La Guajira y Del Magdalena. Para lo cual, se consultaron los aportes teóricos de: Escorsa y Valls (2005), Bolaño y Abello (2004), Maradiago (2004), Münch y García (2005), entre otros. Bajo una metodología no experimental-descriptiva y contando con una muestra de 32 investigadores, que incluyó a los directores de Centros. A dicha muestra se le aplicó un cuestionario escala tipo Lickert, previamente validado por el juicio de 5 expertos. Entre los resulta-275

ÖZET
Çeviribilim doğası gereği farklı disiplinlerle ilişki içinde olmak durumundadır.
Kuramsal, kavramsal ve düşünsel yanını felsefeyle ilişkisinde, dilsel ve anlamsal
yanını dilbilim ve hermeneutikle ilişkisinde, sosyal ve kültürel yanını ise sosyoloji ve
kültürbilimle ilişkisinde bulan çeviribilim, özellikle son yıllarda kendi sınırlarını
aşmayı başarmıştır. Çeviri disiplininin böyle bir disiplinlerarası gelişimi, çevirinin
toplumsal rolü için sürpriz olmayıp, çevirinin toplumsal sistemlerin işleyişindeki
iletişim rolünün sonucudur. Çeviriyi ve çevirinin amacını dilsel dönüştürme ve metin
üretmeyle sınırlı gören, çevirmenin amacını ise çeviri sürecinin dar görev sürecine
sıkıştıran bakış açılarının, çevirinin tüm toplumsal sistemi dönüştüren doğasını
açıklama çabası, çeviribilimi çıkmaza sokmaktadır. Çeviribilim, sosyoloji ve
kültürbilim alanında yapılan çalışmaların etkisiyle kendi kısır döngüsünü kırmaya
çalışırken, diğer yandan kuramsal yapısını yeniden sorgulamalıdır. Çevirinin kuramsal
sorgulaması, çevirinin ana kavramlarının yeniden yorumlanmasıyla olabilir. Modern
çeviribilimin başlangıcından itibaren belirleyici kavram olan “amaç” kavramının
yeniden ele alınması ve kavram kökenlerinin yorumlanmasıyla, çeviri kuramının
yapısında ve çevirinin toplumsal rolünde önemli bir değişiklik meydana gelebilir.
Çeviri paradigmasının yeniden yapılanması, eski paradigma kavramlarının farklı bakış
açılarıyla ele alınmasıyla mümkün olabilir. Çeviribilim alanında 80’li yıllarda yaşanan
paradigma değişiminin öncü kuramlarından biri olan H. Vermmer ve K.Reiss’ın
Skopos Kuramının erek odaklılığı öncelemesi bakımından ‘amaç’ kavramını merkeze
alması ve Eski Yunancada amaç anlamına gelen Skopos sözcüğünün kurama ad
olması tesadüfi değildir. Çevirinin amacı olarak terminolojik bağlamda Skopos
sözcüğüne yer veren kuramcılar, çevirmen eylemi açısından amacın terminolojik
karşılığını ihmal etmişlerdir. Bu çalışmada çevirinin amacı bağlamında ‘Skopos’ ve
çevirmen eylemi bağlamında ‘Telos’ kavramları incelenecek ve bu kavramların çeviri
süreci için anlamı yeniden inşa edilecektir

... Whether this inspiration is drawn from Abbey's Road, The Monkey Wrench Gang, A Fool's Progress, Desert Solitaire, Good News, Down the River, Black Sun, or Hayduke Lives! ... 4 . Edward Abbey,Hayduke Lives! A Novel (Boston: Little Brown, 990). Page 16. 20 TiM LukE