Surname Changes

Aproximación a algunos aspectos de la onomástica en el reino de Navarra entre 1570, cuando de acuerdo con las leyes eclesiásticas y también reales se impone la obligación de llevar libros de bautismos, y 1870, año en que la administración liberal implanta el Registro Civil para el estado español. En la Edad Moderna, Navarra vive acontecimientos decisivos desde el punto de vista político y cultural, que van a dejar su huella en la onomástica. Ante todo, en 1512 es conquistada militarmente y en 1515 incorporada a la corona de Castilla, aunque mantiene en lo sucesivo sus instituciones propias, salvo los reyes privativos. En el texto abordamos la compleja situación lingüística de Navarra antes y después de estos hechos, poniendo en relación todo ello con el sistema de transmisión patrimonial. Asistimos a un proceso de castellanización y homogeneización en el modo de usar y transmitir los nombres y apellidos, aunque como se explica persistieron particularidades sobre todo en las aldeas más remotas. Ya fijados los apellidos, se dedica atención a su difusión.

The paper presents the history, the interdisciplinary character and the literature of the research in the field of official surname changes in Hungary. It presents a theoretical framework for the appropriate study of the complex phenomenon of surname changes. It gives an account of the examination of its primary sources, and also overviews the partial and case studies on different aspects of the topic.

Esta obra supone un acercamiento a la onomástica de Navarra desde la perspectiva lingüística, histórica y sociológica, y se centra en el análisis de la formación, uso y transmisión de nombres de pila, apellidos y nombres de casa desde la antigüedad hasta nuestros días. Es fruto de la colaboración de un grupo de investigadores, lingüistas, historiadores y sociólogos, especializados en el estudio de los nombres: tanto personales (nombres de pila y apellidos) como nombres de casa. La principal aportación de esta obra es que por primera vez se analiza en un mismo trabajo la onomástica del conjunto del reino de Navarra desde la antigüedad hasta nuestros días. Capítulos a cargo de especialistas en cada tema, tanto lingüistas como historiadores y sociólogos. Amplio arco cronológico: Edad Antigua, Edad Media, Edad Contemporánea. Estudio del conjunto de Navarra, incluyendo los territorios de Ultrapuertos. Formulación de una tipología de nombres de casas para la comarca del Baztan-Bidasoa realizada expresamente para esta obra.

Türk hukukunda ve mukayeseli olarak İsviçre ve Alman hukuklarında evli ve bekar kadının soyadına dair düzenlemeler; Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesi ve Kadınlara Karşı Her Türlü Ayrımcılığın Önlenmesi Sözleşmesi’ndeki hükümlerde kadının soyadı, medeni durumundaki değişikliklerle birlikte içtihatsal olarak incelenmesi.

El capítulo supone un acercamiento a la historia de la formación de los apellidos en el reino de Navarra durante la Edad Moderna, desde su origen medieval en el estamento nobiliario hasta su difusión entre otros grupos sociales. Se parte de la situación actual en el estado español, caracterizada por una alta homonimia y elevado porcentaje de apellidos patronímicos, para presentar algunos rasgos diferenciadores que pueden percibirse en la actual Comunidad Foral y tratar de justificar históricamente tales singularidades. Se destaca la estrecha vinculación de los apellidos navarros con la tierra, y a través de un ejemplo se resalta la importante aportación de bajonavarros que de manera permanente se asentaron en la Navarra peninsular durante los siglos modernos, dejando como testimonio sus apellidos.

Estudio sobre el uso y transmisión de nombres y apellidos en un territorio marcado por la diglosia, el reino de Navarra durante la Edad Moderna: mientras que la inmensa mayoría de su documentación está escrita en lengua romance, la mayor parte de la población -según los estudios de Mikelarena o Monteano- únicamente hablaba la lengua vasca, no romance; eran escasas las personas bilingües. El capítulo se enmarca en un libro colectivo que analiza el impacto de los desplamientos de población sobre el uso y transmisión de nombres personales, de lo que el territorio aquí estudiado ofrece numerosos ejemplos.
Cette contribution étudie le système des noms de famille du royaume durant l’époque moderne. Il rappelle l’histoire politique et linguistique de la Navarre après son rattachement à la couronne de Castille (1515), une période qui coïncide avec la fusion de la langue vernaculaire romane avec le castillan. Toutefois, la majorité des habitants du royaume conserveront jusqu’à l’époque contemporaine une langue basque dépourvue de tradition écrite. Le système des noms tend à se fixer au cours des décennies suivantes bien qu’il ne suive pas un modèle unique, ni dans les usages qui en sont faits ni dans les modalités de transmission. Il faut cependant souligner ses liens avec la terre natale et la maison souche. Notons que, faute d’implantation d’une administration efficace, les registres d’état civil ne seront instaurés qu’en 1870 ; en sorte que la manière de désigner un individu dépend surtout des informations que possèdent ceux qui s’adressent à lui. La pluralité des dénominations rend ainsi très difficile la reconstruction des généalogies, tout spécialement dans les cas où les liens des individus avec leur terre d’origine sont faibles. Pour finir, le texte vise à confirmer l’hypothèse selon laquelle les lieux les plus pauvres et les plus excentrés (notamment à cause des effets produits par un régime successoral inégalitaire des ressources limitées et une accessibilité réduite) ont fourni un ensemble de noms qui se sont davantage diffusés dans l’espace péninsulaire que ceux issus de la capitale du royaume.
The focus of this article is the surname system in the old Kingdom of Navarre during the Early Modern Age. Firstly, we present the political and linguistic history of Navarre during those centuries, beginning with its incorporation into the Kingdom of Castile in 1515. In tandem with this change, Spanish became the language spoken by the local authorities both political and religious; but the vast majority of the population only spoke Basque, the sole remaining pre-Roman language of the Peninsula, rarely written at that time, and which they have maintained up to the present day. The surname system tended to stabilize during the 16th century but did not follow a single model, either in usage or patterns of transmission. However, most of the time there was a relationship between family name, native lands and household name. In the absence of an efficient administration, civil registers were not kept before 1870, so we may consider that the name a person received is above all related to the information available to those dealing with him/her. The multiplicity of names renders reconstruction of genealogies very difficult, particularly in cases where the link to land in the place of origin is weak. Finally, this article seeks to prove the hypothesis that due to an inegalitarian inheritance system, limited resources and limited accessibility, the poorest and remotest villages provided a body of surnames which were disseminated more widely in the peninsula than names which originated in the capital of the kingdom.

In our paper we focus on the translating practice and translatability of surnames used in Hungarian, from the problems of translating the immediate predecessors of surnames to the questions of translating surnames today. Our main interest is in how multilingualism, language contact situations, language prestige considerations, customs, fashion and other potential factors affect the use of these names in different languages, and the translatability in a wider sense in the actual practice in Hungary and other countries. We shall look at name translation practice in medieval documents, the relevant questions of spontaneous and conscious surname changes, the changes of Hungarian surnames used outside of Hungary, and finally the questions of translating surnames occurring in fiction.

This paper applies different sources to investigate the social, historical, cultural and ideological context and the characteristics of the surname changes of the Jews in Hungary. It analyzes the names as ethnic symbols, the assimilation process of Jewish persons and their personal names in general, and the history of the Jewish Name Magyarization in Hungary. The characteristic features of the surnames chosen and their typical motivations are also analyzed, in comparison with those of the non-Jews in the country.

Este trabajo se centra en el reino de Navarra, conquistado por Fernando el Católico en 1512. Se subraya la relación del monarca con este territorio, por ser hijo de Juan II, rey del mismo. El estudio analiza uno de los linajes que destacaron en la corte de Olite bajo la dinastía Evreux, los Lizarazu, quienes reflejan bien la secular tendencia de los bajonavarros a asentarse en la Navarra peninsular. Partiendo de una influencia meramente local, conseguirán ascender en la corte a causa de la necesidad de contar con servidores leales en la gobernación de un territorio apartado y conflictivo. A ello sumarán su dedicación a la defensa de castillos fronterizos, hasta hacerse indispensables. El estallido del enfrentamiento entre Juan II y su hijo mayor, el príncipe de Viana Carlos, alineará a los Lizarazu junto a este último en un largo conflicto que provocará la ruina del reino y su caída en desgracia.

Özet: Ülkemizde kadınlar, yasalar gereği evlendikten sonra ya kocasının soyadını almak ya da kendi soyadının yanında kocasının soyadını da alarak en iyi ihtimalle çift soyadı taşımak zorundadır. Bir başka deyişle kadının evlendikten sonra yalnızca kendi soyadını taşıma hakkı yoktur. Bu durum, en başta Anayasamızın 10 Maddesi'ne dayanan eşitlik ilkesine aykırıdır. Oysa soyadı, kişinin kimliğini belirten önemli bir unsur, kişinin kimliğinin ayrılmaz bir parçasıdır. Dolayısıyla bu kişilik hakkı yalnızca erkeklere değil, kadınlara da tanınmalıdır. Bu çalışmada, kadın haklarına ilişkin ders almış üniversite öğrencisi kadınların evlendikten sonra soyadının değişmesine yönelik eğilimlerinin ve soyadına ilişkin algısının ne olduğunu anlamak amacıyla, Karabük Üniversitesi Ebelik Bölümü öğrencilerine bir anket uygulaması yapılmış, ortaya çıkan bulgular çerçevesinde kadının soyadı hakkı irdelenmiştir. Abstract: In our country, women have to adopt their husbands' surname after marriage or at best they have to carry double surnames by adopting spouses' surname with their own surname. In other words, women do not have right to keep their own surnames after marriage. This situation is primarily contradictory to our 10 th Article of the Constitution, which is based on the principle of equality. In fact, surname is an important element, which defines personal identity and an inseparable part of a person's identity. Therefore this personal right has to be accorded not only to men but also women as well. In this study, in order to understand university student women's, who took course related to women's rights, tendency about changing their surname after marriage and their perception about surname, a survey was conducted among students in Karabük University, Midwifery Department. Within the framework of findings, the right of woman's surname was examined.

A research to comprehensively interpret the phenomenon of family name changes in Hungary, based on the methodology of Onomastics. Excerpts from the book here: the Summary in English (p. 107-111); the Introduction, Contents and Bibliography in Hungarian (p. 3-6, 100-106).

Este trabajo explora, a lo largo de un marco cronológico que se extiende desde la Baja Edad Media hasta los inicios del XVII, el proceso por el cual el reino de Navarra quedó dividido en dos partes, que pasaron a integrarse en Francia y España. Se subrayan las consecuencias que ello tuvo para sus elites, quienes tradicionalmente habían tendido a asentarse en la Navarra peninsular, donde residía la corte. La situación se ilustra con el ejemplo de uno de estos nobles linajes, vinculados a la corona del pequeño reino.

This paper explores, through a chronological framework that extends from the Late Middle Ages to the beginning of the Seventeenth century, the process by which the Kingdom of Navarre was divided into two, which became integrated into France and Spain. The consequences that it had for its elites, who had traditionally tended to settle in the peninsular Navarre, where the court resided, are underlined. The situation is illustrated by the example of one of these noble lineages, linked to the crown of the small kingdom.

This paper focuses on Navarre, a small kingdom near the French border, which was independent during the Middle Ages. The original language of Navarre was Basque, a non-Romance language, which was also unwritten, as the political powers used Latin, Navarrese Romance, French, Occitan or other languages. In 1512 Navarre was conquered by the Catholic king, Ferdinand, and incorporated into Castile as part of the Spanish kingdom. After the union the Navarrese elite tried to adapt to their new situation by learning Spanish; this was also a way of gaining access to overseas trade. There were cultural as well as linguistic differences between Navarre and Castile for example in the conception of a woman’s role in the household and in the transmission of property from one generation to the next. Rules governing inheritance also affected the transmission of family names. The result of the incorporation of Navarre into Castile was a peculiar anthroponomastic system, a mixture of both cultures.

The paper investigates the differences between the surname stock that arose naturally in the community and the surname stock that was created artificially later via a legal procedure of surname changes. They are quite different in a number of respects: When were these surnames born? Who gives the name and to whom? Why is that name born? On what bases is the surname chosen? From what material (set of linguistic elements) and in what way is the surname formed? The most typical new surname types (semantics and morphology) are also presented here by examples and comments.

As a lasting practice, the surname change obligation towards women has become a controversial issue in the countries which have this legislation. The issue dates to 1850’s, a feminist, Lucy Stone declared to reject to change her surname by “My name is the symbol of my own identity and must not be lost.” (Kramarae & Treichler 1992, 292 as cited in Arichi 1999). The crucial aspect of name, which is its fundamental ties with identity, must be taken into consideration initially. It plays a central role in the development of individual self and social identity. Historical documents represent noticeable examples of identity through surname; from American slaves to Nazis practices (Anthony 2014, 85-86), that were used for cultural dominance and assimilation, because a community’s identification and its roots are strengthened by surname. On a broad perspective the concept of “surname change” constitutes both legal, where women in certain countries are enforced to drop their surname; and socio-cultural issues in which women have acquired the right to keep their surname prefer to change their birth name, influenced by societal imposition and customs.
This paper specifically focuses on heterosexual marriages, excluding gay marriages since they have only been recently welcomed to the society and the civic code around the world meaning that there is a lack of data about surname adoption in gay marriages. Consequently, surname change obligation towards women upon marriage results in the exploitation of personal rights in terms of identity when this legal procedure is enforced, and a matter of choice leads to the continuation of the existing gender inequality.

This bibliography presents the publications in the field which are possible to study without knowledge of the Hungarian language, i.e. written in English or other foreign languages, or which simply publish a database of the cases. The annotations are based on the texts of the publications and the abstracts (if they were available).

This bibliography presents the publications in the field which are possible to study without knowledge of the Hungarian language, i.e. written in English or other foreign languages, or which simply publish a database of the cases. The annotations are based on the texts of the publications and the abstracts (if they were available).

This article presents the surname changes of the Jews as formal acts which served as a means of assimilation, and which resulted in a characteristic phenomenon of the history of Jewish communities as well as of the surrounding society of the majority. Surname changes as the sign of forming cultural and national identities were used for an individual crossing of a conceptual borderline between ‘they’ and ‘us’ in nineteenth- and twentieth-century Hungarian society. The paper is based on research in different fields of scholarly studies, applying multi- and interdisciplinary standpoints. It focuses on the Name Magyarization process, but also makes comparisons with the name changes of the Jews in other countries. It applies different sources to investigate the social, historical, cultural and ideological background, context and the characteristics of the nominal assimilation of the Jews. It analyzes their names as ethnic symbols, and presents the reasons that made the surname changes so...

El estudio aborda, a partir sobre todo de documentación notarial inédita, la complejidad de los nombres de persona y sus implicaciones sociales en la Navarra moderna. Se destaca la relación entre los nombres y las funciones familiares, con énfasis en la repetición de nombres entre hermanos, influenciada por la elección de un heredero único. Se apunta a una disociación entre la identidad real y la oficial; en el ámbito doméstico los individuos son conocidos por su rol o rango en lugar de por el nombre formal. El texto resalta el uso de apodos basados en características físicas, morales o eventos de vida, que permiten la identificación comunitaria. Un aspecto reseñable es la escasa diferenciación entre nombres masculinos y femeninos, con una concentración en nombres comunes para ambos sexos, anteponiendo "María" en el caso de las mujeres. Esta práctica refuerza la homonimia entre hermanos. Se concluye que el sistema onomástico se desarrolla en la edad moderna, influenciado por instancias oficiales y valores urbanos que se irradian al mundo rural. Por último, se plantea si la onomástica oficial ha llegado a imponerse sobre los apelativos populares.

The paper aims to provide a comprehensive typology of surname changes, analysed in the case of the Hungarian surname system. The typology presented here is partly language specific and characterises the given historic, social and cultural circumstances, but partly conveys more general lessons to be learned about the nature of surname change. The paper also identifies the most typical tendencies in the diachrony of the Hungarian surname stock. Some characteristics (e.g. archaic orthography, dialectal variation, morphological markedness) are treated here, affected by various linguistic and extralinguistic factors.

This paper is a study of the use and the value of foreign surnames of minorities in a dominant linguistic and cultural context, as well as the process of the assimilation of these names and their bearers. It analyzes the different reasons and the ways of spontaneous and conscious name changes, giving a special attention to the question of how the linguistic characteristics of original foreign surnames and the existing Hungarian surname stock could influence the new surnames coined by these changes in Hungarian history.

The study focuses on the regulations for the history of surname changes in Hungary and on their realisation in practice. It provides an overview of the historical changes of these regulations and procedures, including the factors to ever-changing historical backgrounds, and devotes special attention to the related onomastic aspects, especially the changing restricions for the adoption of the new name.

Recorrido por la historia de uno de los linajes que se precia de ser uno de los doce originarios del reino de Navarra, el de Urroz-Torreblanca, desde la Baja Edad Media hasta su desaparición ya entrada la Edad Moderna, con apoyo en documentación del Archivo General de Navarra.