Satisfaction With Life

Background. A randomized controlled trial was conducted to examine: (a) the effect of two physical activ-A considerable literature exists that suggests physiity modes on changes in subjective well-being (SWB) cal activity participation to be associated with an imover the course of a 12-month period in older, formerly proved sense of psychological well-being. Indeed, over sedentary adults (N ‫؍‬ 174, M age ‫؍‬ 65.5 years) and (b) 90 reviews have been published in this area [1]. Althe role played by physical activity participation and though the mechanisms underlying the association social support in changes in SWB over time. between well-being and physical activity are not well Method. Participants were randomized into either defined, there appears to be a fairly consistent associaan aerobic activity group or a stretching and toning tion reported between these variables. In a recent regroup. Structural equation modeling was employed to view of 38 studies of physical activity effects on psychoconduct multiple sample latent growth curve analyses logical well-being in older adults, McAuley and Rudolph of individual growth in measures of SWB (happiness, [2] concluded that the relationship was consistent satisfaction with life, and loneliness) over time. across age and gender, that it was unclear as to the Results. A curvilinear growth pattern was revealed effect that physical fitness had on this relationship, with well-being significantly improving over the and that the measurement of psychological well-being course of the intervention followed by significant dewas inconsistent. clines at the 6-month follow-up. Subsequent structural Relative to this latter point, psychological health can analyses were conducted showing that frequency of be conceptualized as having both negative and positive exercise participation was a significant predictor of affective poles, which can be characterized as psychoimprovement in satisfaction with life, whereas social logical distress (e.g., depression, anxiety) and psychorelations were related to increases in satisfaction with life and reductions in loneliness. Improvements in so-logical well-being (e.g., positive affect) [3,4]. The majorcial relations and exercise frequency also helped to ity of this literature with respect to older adults has buffer the declines in satisfaction with life at follow-up. focused on the reduction of negative symptomology and, Conclusions. It appears that social relations integral very often, employed aerobic exercise as the mode of to the exercise environment are significant determiactivity. We suggest that two elements be considered nants of subjective well-being in older adults. Findings here. First, the understanding of psychological health are discussed in terms of how physical activity environnecessitates a multidimensional approach that asments might be structured to maximize improvements sesses the absence of negative affect, presence of posiin more global well-being constructs such as satisfactive affect, and satisfaction with one's life [5]. These tion with life. ᭧ 2000 American Health Foundation and Academic Press affective and cognitive components of well-being are Key Words: exercise; aging; psychological well-being; often collectively referred to by the umbrella term of controlled trial. subjective well-being (SWB; [5]). Although the SWB collective has been examined across a broad array of environments [6], typically only individual affective 1 Funding for this study was provided by the National Institute on components (e.g., positive affect, well-being) are mea-Aging (Grant AG 12113). 2 To whom reprint requests should be addressed at Department of sured in physical activity research.

This article explores the disruption informal caregiving creates in the caregiver's family life and the relationship between leisure and stress caused by caregiving. The study finds that the caregiving setting, caregiver's sociodemographic characteristics, and economic variables (i.e., wage rate, nonwage income, and Medicaid coverage) significantly affect the caregiver's leisure. Additionally, reducing leisure leads to emotional and physical stress and less satisfaction with life overall. The article concludes with implications for public policy.

economic security. Furthermore, past satisfaction with life is directly associated with present happiness. This presents implications relative to understanding how perception of resources may enhance quality of life among persons who live exceptionally long lives.

This pilot study examined whether exercise as an adjunctive rehabilitation therapy could benefit women who have early stage breast cancer and are currently receiving chemotherapy/radiotherapy. The study was designed as a randomised controlled trial (RCT). Physical functioning, fatigue and Quality of Life (QoL) outcomes were evaluated pre and post a 12-week intervention. The results showed that after 12 weeks the women who participated in the exercise programme (n ¼ 12) displayed significantly higher levels of physical functioning and reported higher QoL scores than the controls (n ¼ 10). Changes in fatigue and satisfaction with life favoured the intervention group but did not reach significance. These results are encouraging and suggest that a structured group exercise programme during adjuvant treatment is a safe, well tolerated and effective way of providing physical and psychological health benefits to women during treatment for early stage breast cancer. Since this was a pilot study the numbers did not allow appropriately powered analyses of some variables of interest and favoured relatively young and socioeconomically advantaged women. Future studies need to address these issues and determine if these short-term benefits can be sustained.

Objective:  The absence of an agreed definition of ‘rural’ limits the utility of existing research into a possible relationship between rurality of residence and mental health. The present study investigates the bipolar dimension accessibility/remoteness as a possible correlate of mental health.Method:  A continuous area of non-metropolitan Australia was selected to provide a range of scores on the Accessibility/Remoteness Index of Australia (ARIA). A questionnaire measuring demographics, the five-factor model of personality and three aspects of mental health (distress, disability and wellbeing) was mailed to 20 000 adults selected randomly from electoral rolls.Results:  Responses were received from 7615 individuals (response rate = 40.5%; 57.1% female). ARIA was not associated with either distress or disability measures, but a small negative association was found between accessibility and two measures of wellbeing. Individuals residing in locales with better access to services and opportunities for interaction reported higher levels of satisfaction with life (SWL) and positive affect (PA). Adjusting statistically for a range of demographic and personality correlates did not alter the effect of ARIA on SWL. The effect on PA remained significant after adjusting for demographics, but not once personality correlates entered the model.Conclusions:  By sampling across a single proposed parameter of rurality, a novel profile of correlations was identified. In accord with existing data, accessibility was not associated with distress or disability. In contrast, accessibility was positively associated with the wellbeing aspect of mental health. Further attention to the measurement of rural place and the exploration of accessibility as a parameter with mental health relevance, is warranted.

In recent years, economists have been using socio-economic and socio-demographic characteristics to explain self-reported individual happiness or satisfaction with life. Using Geographical Information Systems (GIS), we employ data disaggregated at the individual and local level to show that while these variables are important, consideration of amenities such as climate, environmental and urban conditions is critical when analyzing subjective well-being. Location-specific factors are shown to have a direct impact on life satisfaction.

Habitual emotional state is a predictor of long-term health and life expectancy and successful emotion regulation is necessary for adaptive functioning. However, people are often unsuccessful in regulating their emotions. We investigated the use of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression in 489 university students in Norway, Australia, and the United States and how these strategies related to measures of well-being (affect, life satisfaction, and depressed mood). Data was collected by means of selfadministered questionnaires. The major aims of the study were to begin to explore the prevalence of use of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression across gender, age and culture, possible antecedents of emotion regulation strategies, and the influence of emotion regulation upon well-being. Results showed that the use of emotion regulation strategies varied across age, gender and culture. Private self-consciousness (self-reflection and insight) was found to be a central antecedent for the use of cognitive reappraisal. Use of emotion regulation strategies predicted well-being outcomes, also after the effect of extraversion and neuroticism had been controlled for. Generally, increased use of cognitive reappraisal predicted increased levels of positive well-being outcomes, while increased use of expressive suppression predicted increased levels of negative well-being outcomes.

The study investigates the effects of home-based telework on quality of life (QoL). Four dimensions of QoL were analysed; overall satisfaction with life, sense of belonging, sense of becoming and sense of being. Through cross-national survey data (from 217 job holders and 112 partners) and by means of structural equation modeling, a positive association was found between home-based telework to a worker's sense of belonging (beta = 0.30, p < 0.001). On the other hand, a negative path was detected from the job holder's home-based telework to his or her partner's overall satisfaction with life (beta = -0.27, p < 0.05). After controlling for subdimensions of life quality, home-based work did not affect the job holder's overall life satisfaction. Moreover, the more concentration the job holder reported, the lower the sense of belonging was reported by his or her partner (beta = -0.28, p < 0.05). No simple explanation for the negative effects were found, but our i...

In accordance with attachment theory, the present study investigates whether internal working models of attachment mediated the association between childhood memories and satisfaction about life in adulthood. A convenient sample of 437 participants completed questionnaires assessing a broad range of childhood memories, working models of attachment and life satisfaction. After controlling for demographics, relational status and living condition, Baron and Kenny's mediation criteria were met for the association between memories about childhood, adult attachment and life satisfaction. That is, family warmth and harmony and parental support were associated with attachment security while parental rejection and adverse childhood events (e.g., abuse, parental psychopathology) were associated with an insecure attachment style. More securely attached individuals were in turn more satisfi ed about their current life than insecurely attached individuals. Sobel test confi rmed these fi ndings. These fi nding are in accordance with attachment theory and highlight the importance of this theory for understanding how early childhood experiences may impact adult life.

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We examined the extent to which satisfaction with life, with one's self, and with one's day are predicted by pleasure, purpose in life, interest, and mood. In a sample of 222 college students we found that both satisfaction with life and self-esteem were best predicted by positive feelings and an absence of negative feelings, as well as purpose in life. By contrast, satisfaction with individual days was predicted by negative feelings, and very strongly predicted by positive feelings, but not by purpose in life. In predicting life satisfaction purpose in life provided a buffering effect for lower levels of mood. People high in purpose in life reported high levels of life satisfaction even with moderate levels of mood. Thus, what makes a satisfying day is different from what makes a satisfying life or self. Life and self satisfaction were predicted significantly by purpose in life even after controlling for physical pleasure and affect balance, suggesting that they are more than just hedonic variables.

Se estudió la validez de constructo y confiabilidad interna de la escala de estilos de Crianza de L. Steinberg que se administró a una muestra de 224 adolescentes entre 11 y 19 años de un colegio público en Lima. Mediante el análisis factorial confirmatorio de grupo múltiple, la estructura de tres subclases (Compromiso, Autonomía Psicológica y Control Conductual/Supervisión) se mantuvo en general estable, aunque la agrupación teórica de los ítems tendió a estar influenciada por la distribución de los ítems. La confiabilidad alfa para las subescalas solo alcanzó niveles marginales de aceptación y se reconoció el probable impacto de error de medición aleatorio. Los resultados muestran que el instrumento utilizado es una herramienta potencial para la investigación, pero estos hallazgos son preliminares y se requieren estudios adicionales para evaluar la generalización del análisis efectuado.

Acil yardım çalışanları ve özellikle ambulans görevlileri travmatik etki oluşturabilecek durumlara sıklıkla şahit olabilmektedirler. Bu nedenle acil yardım çalışanlarında ve özellikle ambulans görevlilerinde travma sonrası stres bozukluğu ve tükenmişlik gibi sorunlar oluşabilmektedir. Bu çalışma kapsamında ambulans çalışanlarının şahit oldukları travmatik olayların etkisi ile tükenmişlik ve yaşam doyumu düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkiler incelenmiş, ayrıca çalışanların kullanmış oldukları başa çıkma stratejilerinin bu ilişkiler kapsamındaki biçimleyici (moderatör) rolü araştırılmıştır. Analizler sonucunda travmanın etkisi alt boyutlarından aşırı uyarılmışlığın duygusal tükenmeyi yüksek düzeyde yordadığı, yeniden yaşamanın kendine yabancılaşma ile negatif ilişkili olduğu, diğer taraftan da aşırı uyarılmışlığın kendine yabancılaşma ile doğru orantılı olduğu bulgulanmıştır. Travmanın etkisinin tükenmişlik ve yaşam doyumu düzeyleri ile ilişkisinde başa çıkma stratejilerinin istatistiksel olarak biçimleyici bir rolü bulunamamıştır. Ancak sonuçlar genel olarak ele alındığında ambulans çalışanlarının travmatik olaylara maruz kaldıkları ve bu durumun söz konusu meslek grubundaki tükenmişlik sendromu ile ilişkilendirilebileceği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Travmatik olaylara maruz kalan personele yönelik gerekli destekleyici önlemlerin alınmasının hem çalışanların psikolojik sağlığı açısından hem de verilen hizmetin kalitesi açısından faydalı olabileceği düşünülmektedir.
Anahtar kelimeler: Travma, tükenmişlik, yaşam doyumu, başa çıkma yolları, ambulans personeli, acil yardım çalışanları

... E-mail: [email protected] ... of acculturation have allowed for orthogonal, bidimensional measurements, such that accultura-tion to both Mexican and European American culture can be assessed independently along two axes (eg, Cuellar, Arnold, & Maldonado, 1995 ...

We examined the prevalence and correlates of selfreported sexual arousal from exposing one's genitals to a stranger (exhibitionistic behavior) and spying on others having sex (voyeuristic behavior) in a representative national sample. In 1996, 2,450 randomly selected 18-60 year-olds from the general population of Sweden were interviewed in a broad survey of sexuality and health. A total of 76 (3.1%) respondents reported at least one incident of being sexually aroused by exposing their genitals to a stranger and 191 (7.7%) respondents reported at least one incident of being sexually aroused by spying on others having sex. Exhibitionistic and voyeuristic behaviors were examined for possible associations with 9 sociodemographic, 5 health, 4 risk-taking, and 17 sexuality variables. Both paraphilialike behaviors were positively associated with being male and having more psychological problems, lower satisfaction with life, greater alcohol and drug use, and greater sexual interest and activity in general, including more sexual partners, greater sexual arousability, higher frequency of masturbation, higher frequency of pornography use, and greater likelihood of having had a same-sex sexual partner. Consistent with previous research in clinical samples of men with N. Långström ( ) paraphilias, respondents who reported either exhibitionistic or voyeuristic behavior had substantially greater odds of reporting other atypical sexual behavior (sadomasochistic or cross-dressing behavior). There was evidence both for general and specific associations between sexual fantasies and their corresponding paraphilia-like behaviors. The implications of these findings for research on atypical sexual interests, atypical sexual behavior, and paraphilias are discussed.

Individual differences in diurnal preferences and circadian rhythms are viewed as an interesting dimension of human personality. Previous research has examined various psychological correlates of diurnal preference. Evening types reported psychological and psychosomatic disturbances more frequently and intensively than morning types and morning types have a healthier lifestyle than evening types. Depression was also related to eveningness as were bulimic behaviour and seasonal affected disorders (SAD). Given these studies, one would expect a positive relationship between satisfaction with life or happiness (general well-being; Diener et al. (J Pers Assess 49:71–75, 1985)) and morningness. There was a significant positive correlation between morningness and satisfaction with life (r = 0.177; p = 0.023; N = 164).

The article introduces a theoretical and methodological analysis of the research of the phenomenon of well-being. The development of ideas about well-being is studied starting from the first scientific measurement of happiness and life satisfaction to modern multicomponent models.
The article summarizes the modern definition of well-being as a relatively stable integral multicomponent phenomenon that characterizes the state of optimal functioning of the individual and depends on various factors such as: the system of personal values and perceptions of the world, the presence of emotional and behavioral patterns, a variety of communication skills, personal qualities, goals in life and even the general level of intelligence.
It is determined that various aspects of well-being are measured by subjective (self-esteem) and objective (objective psychodiagnostic measurements) methods. It is noted that the subjective level of self-esteem and the objective level of well-being might not be the same.
The use of notions such as "subjective well-being" was introduced for measurements relating to various aspects of human self-esteem of his life and "psychological well-being" as a general indicator of the state of optimal functioning of the individual, which includes both subjective and objective measures.
The article defines the essential difference between the notions of subjective well-being, psychological well-being, life satisfaction concepts, quality of life and happiness. It states the subjective well-being in the general well-being system of the individual. We propose to use the concept of psychological well-being as a broad construct incorporating subjective and objective aspects.
The author determines the prospects for further research and a wider interpretation of psychological well-being.

A measure of satisfaction with food-related life is developed and tested in three studies in eight European countries. Five items are retained from an original pool of seven; these items exhibit good reliability as measured by Cronbach's alpha, good temporal stability, convergent validity with two related measures, and construct validity as indicated by relationships with other indicators of quality of life, including the Satisfaction With Life and the SF-8 scales. It is concluded that this scale will be useful in studies trying to identify factors contributing to satisfaction with food-related life. r

VEZANOŠĆU NJIHOVE DECE Mentor: Doc. dr Aleksandar Vasić Kandidat: Jasna Krajovan Novi Sad, 2013. godina 0 REZIME Rad predstavlja prikaz istraživanja povezanosti emocionalne regulacije i zadovoljstva životom majki sa afektivnom vezanošću i zadovoljstvom života njihove dece. Uzorak je činilo 100 ispitanika oba pola, od kojih su 50 ispitanika bile majke, a 50 njihova deca, uzrasta od 15 do 51 godina za decu, i od 35 do 78 godina za majke. Istraživanje je sprovedeno na području Kikinde, Zrenjanina i okolnih sela u blizini Zrenjanina. Za ispitivanje emocionalne regulacije korišćen je UERK (Takšić, 2003), za ispitivanje afektivne vezanosti UPIPAV-R (Vukosavljević-Gvozden i Hanak, 2007), a za ispitivanje zadovoljstva životom Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). Rezultati pokazuju da je Emocionalna regulacija i kontrola izraženija kod majki ispitanika muškog pola. Emocionalna regulacija i kontrola majki negativno korelira sa sledećim dimenzijama afektivne vezanosti dece gde spadaju: Nerazrešena porodična traumatizacija, Negativan radni model drugih, Negativan radni model selfa i Slaba regulacija besa, a pozitivno sa Korišćenjem spoljašnje baze sigurnosti. Životno zadovoljstvo majki je povezano sa afektivnom vezanošću samo kod ispitanika muškog pola i pritom negativno korelira sa dimenzijama kao što su: Nerazrešena porodična traumatizacija, Negativan radni model selfa i Slaba regulacija besa, a pozitivno sa dimenzijom Korišćenja spoljašnje baze sigurnosti. Životno zadovoljstvo majki je takođe povezano i sa životnim zadovoljstvom dece, a naročito kod ispitanika muškog pola gde su korelacije i više i izraženije. Veza emocionalne regulacije i kontrole majki i životnog zadovoljstva dece, kao ni značaj uzrasta ispitanika nije potvrđena.

The article introduces a theoretical and methodological analysis of the research of the phenomenon of well-being. The development of ideas about well-being is studied starting from the first scientific measurement of happiness and life satisfaction to modern multicomponent models.
The article summarizes the modern definition of well-being as a relatively stable integral multicomponent phenomenon that characterizes the state of optimal functioning of the individual and depends on various factors such as: the system of personal values and perceptions of the world, the presence of emotional and behavioral patterns, a variety of communication skills, personal qualities, goals in life and even the general level of intelligence.
It is determined that various aspects of well-being are measured by subjective (self-esteem) and objective (objective psychodiagnostic measurements) methods. It is noted that the subjective level of self-esteem and the objective level of well-being might not be the same.
The use of notions such as «subjective well-being» was introduced for measurements relating to various aspects of human self-esteem of his life and «psychological well-being» as a general indicator of the state of optimal functioning of the individual, which includes both subjective and objective measures.
The article defines the essential difference between the notions of subjective well-being, psychological well-being, life satisfaction concepts, quality of life and happiness. It states the subjective well-being in the general well-being system of the individual. We propose to use the concept of psychological well-being as a broad construct incorporating subjective and objective aspects.
The author determines the prospects for further research and a wider interpretation of psychological well-being.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between sense of belonging and life satisfaction. Thirty first year undergraduate students from HELP University were recruited for this study. The participants were asked to fill in two instruments, namely Sense of Belonging Instrument-Psychological and Satisfaction With Life Scale. The statistical correlation between sense of belonging and life satisfaction was analysed. The findings of the study showed a positive correlation between sense of belonging and life satisfaction. The results were consistent with the hypothesis that there is a relationship between sense of belonging and life satisfaction and indicated that the higher the sense of belonging of a person, the higher the life satisfaction would be.

Човечкиот стремеж за подобар живот е универзален за сите епохи низ историјата. Модерното општество, особено во последниот половина век, се соочува со свет на изобилство непознато за претходните ери, но истовремено и со зачестени психолошки нарушувања кои имаат ефект врз целокупната добросостојба, особено кај младите генерации.  Литературата изобилува со истражувања кои го бараат одговорот во испитување на врската меѓу материјалното и психолошкото.
Овој труд е фокусиран на истражување на врската меѓу материјализмот и целокупното задоволство од животот, притоа барајќи полови разлики, а се однесува на современиот контекст во македонското општество.  Варијаблата материјализам беше мерена преку три димензии: среќа, успех и сосредоточеност на стекнување. Примерокот е пригоден и се состои од 100 испитаници, од кои 50 припаѓаат на женскиот и 50 на машкиот пол. Тие се на возраст од 20 до 25 години. Истражувањето беше спроведено на два начина, при што, 27% од одговорите се добиени преку директно задавање во домашни услови, а 73% се добиени по електронски пат. За овие потреби, беа употребени иструментите Скала за Материјалистички Вредности на авторите Ричинс и Доусон и Скалата за Задоволство од Животот на Ед Динер.
Наодите покажаа дека постои слаба позитивна врска помеѓу материјализмот и целокупното задоволство од животот, додека не беа најдени полови разлики во однос на двете варијабли. Со тоа, не беше потврдена ниту една од поставените хипотези.

Клучни зборови: материјализам, задоволство од животот, добросостојба, среќа, пол, род.

The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between locus of control, life satisfaction and self-esteem among university students. We collected data from 200 respondents of Bahauddin Zaikariya University Multan and Institute of Southern Punjab, Multan. Three Measurement scales such as Leven son (1974) Multidimensional Locus of Control Scale, Griffin (1985) Satisfaction with Life Scale and Rosenberg (1965) Self-Esteem Scale were used. Our findings show that life satisfaction and self-esteem are positively correlated with each other and the level of internal locus of control, life satisfaction and self-esteem is higher in male as compared to female.

Satisfaction with life is a wide studied component of well-being, largely documented along the recent decades. Also, it constitutes one of the most relevant variables within the positive and social psychology to study outcomes in different spheres of the life. Regarding the scholar context, it has been documented through several research experiences that the psychological well-being and, concretely the life satisfaction, has a broad importance on academically performance and behaviors observed within the scholar environment, as well as the achievement of academic goals. Satisfaction With Life Scale is one of the most used questionnaires to asses this factor. For this reason, the general objective of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the SWLS in Colombian university students. This study used a sample composed by 150 university students of Colombian higher education institutions with a mean of 19.64 years of age, and belonging to seven different fields of knowledge or careers. The questionnaire consisted in two sections: In the first section, university students were asked about demographic variables such as age, gender, relationship status and coursing career. For the second section, it was used Diener's Satisfaction With Life Scale (Likert scale-5 items). The results of this application show a relatively high satisfaction with life among Colombian university students. Although not gender differences were found, it has been established a set of differences according to career. Regarding psychometric properties, it was found a good factorial solution, and a set of favorable internal consistency coefficients. Satisfaction with life is an essential variable to be considered as part of the approach to well-being and quality of life of people. This study constitutes a significant effort taking into account that it allows to learn more about this phenomenon in a population of which (in the Colombian context, and even others) it has been done very little in terms of research of Subjective Well-Being and its relationship to outcomes in different spheres of life.

The paper describes the development of the Portuguese version of the Students' Life Satisfaction Scale and the examination of its psychometric properties. A sample of 367 Portuguese students completed the Students' Life Satisfaction Scale ). The first step includes translation, back-translation, inspection for lexical equivalence and content validity, and cognitive debriefing. Then we considered reliability, factor structure, and criterion-related validity. The validation process of the Portuguese SLSS version shows psychometric properties similar to the English language SLSS, suggesting that it measures the same construct in the same way. Implications of these findings are discussed.

Background Having close social relationships and being married specifically have been reliably associated with health benefits including lower morbidity and mortality. Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of marital status, relationship quality, and network support on measures of psychological and cardiovascular health. Method We examined ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) among 204 married and 99 single males and females (N = 303). Results We found that both marital status and marital quality were important. Married individuals had greater satisfaction with life (SWL) and blood pressure dipping than single individuals. High marital quality was associated with lower ABP, lower stress, less depression, and higher SWL. Importantly, contrasting those who are unmarried with those in low-quality marriages, we find that single individuals had lower ABP—suggesting that single individuals fare better than their unhappily married counterparts. Likewise, having a supportive network did not moderate (i.e., buffer) the effects of being single or unhappily married. Conclusions Findings indicate being married per se is not universally beneficial, rather, the satisfaction and support associated with such a relationship is important. However, marriage may be distinctive, as evidence further suggests that support from one’s network does not compensate for the effect of being single. These results highlight the complexities in understanding the influence of social relationships on long-term health, and they may help clarify the physiological pathways by which such associations exist.

The significant increase in life expectancy and the consequent increase in the aging population highlight the need to use reliable and valid methods in the evaluation of this population. Thus, the present investigation has as its main objective the adaptation and validation of Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS, Watson, Clark & Tellegen, 1988) and the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS, Diener, Emmons, Larsen & Griffin, 1985). They are screening measures. PANAS consists of 22 items, designed to assess the affectivity, and SWLS, consisting of five items, to evaluate the satisfaction with life, both measuring the subjective well-being.
The adaptation and validation consisted in the administration of an assessment protocol to a sample of 555 institutionalized elderly between 65 and 100 years. Analyzes revealed a significant decrease in positive affect with age, the others measures did not suffer any change with age. PANAS revealed an adequate internal consistency (α = 0.75), including the dimension of positive affect (α = 0.79), and negative affect (α = 0.84). The results of the factorial analysis support the existence of two factors.
The internal consistency of SWLS is also adequate (α = 0.76). The factor analysis confirms the existence of a single factor for this scale. Test-retest reliability was calculated demonstrating that the scale SWLS was stable for one year interval. PANAS scale wasn’t stable for the same lapse of time. The study of inter-correlations shows the negative association between SWLS and PANAS
negative and a positive association between positive PANAS and SWLS. The association between both PANAS dimensions is significantly negative. These results are similar to those found in other studies with the PANAS and SWLS: with other population these instruments are reliable and valid evaluation tools for use with the institutionalized elderly.

We examined the moderating effects of mastery goals and academic contingency of self-worth (CSW-A) on how perfectionistic discrepancy associates with academic efficacy and satisfaction with life among gifted students in middle and high school. Participants in this study were 144 gifted students from 6th to 12th grade in a suburban Midwest U.S. school district. A significant three-way interaction effect was found among discrepancy, mastery goals, and CSW-A on academic self-efficacy. The findings suggest that having high mastery goals served as a protective factor against the negative impact of discrepancy on academic efficacy for gifted students, but only for those with low CSW-A. For gifted students with elevated CSW-A, discrepancy was not negatively associated with academic self-efficacy, regardless of their level of mastery goals. The implications for these findings are discussed.

Research has shown the importance of social support on mental health, however, this investigation has not been done yet in elder population. It is so our aim to study the relationship between perceived social support, satisfaction with life, anxiety symptoms and depressive symptoms.
We collect a sample of 46 subject aged between 65 and 95 years old. We used the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI) and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) to assess anxious and depressive symptoms. To assess social support we use the Older Americans Resources and Services Program (OARS), which evaluate the social resources, and to assess the life satisfaction we use the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS).
We found that 91.3% of subjects were illiterate or with low education and only 4 (8.7%) had studied beyond the fourth grade. The elders showed higher average symptoms of anxiety and depression, and dissatisfaction. Regarding the perception of social support, the elderly essentially reveal high dissatisfaction with the extent of contact with others and the availability of help.
We also found that perceived social support is related to the Mental Health and Well-being, it is so important to think in strategies that promote the integration of elder population in social life. The promotion of multigenerational intercourse seems to be a solution.

With the intensification of problems relating to the environment, a growing number of consumers are becoming more ecologically conscious in their preferences and purchases of goods. This paper presents the results of a study conducted among 500 Cypriot consumers, focusing on the factors that shape consumer environmental attitudes and behaviour, as well as on the resulting outcomes. The findings confirmed that both the inward and outward environmental attitudes of a consumer are positively influenced by his/her degree of collectivism, long-term orientation, political involvement, deontology, and law obedience, but have no connection with liberalism. The adoption of an inward environmental attitude was also found to be conducive to green purchasing behaviour that ultimately leads to high product satisfaction. On the other hand, an outward environmental attitude facilitates the adoption of a general environmental behaviour, which is responsible for greater satisfaction with life. The findings of the study have important implications for shaping effective company offerings to consumers in target markets, as well as formulating appropriate policies at the governmental level to enhance environmental sensitivity among citizens.

This study investigated the association between Perceived Emotional Intelligence (PEI), measured by the Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS), and life satisfaction in Spanish undergraduate university students. Specially, the predictive and incremental validity of this self-report measure of emotional intelligence was examined. The authors investigated whether PEI would account for variance in satisfaction with life beyond the level attributable to mood states and personality traits. Correlation analysis showed significant associations between Clarity and Repair and higher life satisfaction. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis confirmed these findings and indicated that Clarity accounted further variance in life satisfaction not accounted for by mood states and personality traits. These findings extend previous studies and provide additional support for the incremental validity of the TMMS suggesting that Clarity contribute to life satisfaction independently from well-known mood states constructs and personality traits.

Traits and motivational units are two elements of widely acknowledged relevance in personality psychology. In fact, some multi-level models have stressed the differences between traits, which are the most generic and decontextualized units of analysis, and middle-level units, which are more closely related to motivational processes and more contextualized in time, space or specific roles. Personal strivings, which are defined as what people typically intend to do, hold a prominent place among middle-level units. Nevertheless, surprisingly little is still known about the relationship between traits and striving dimensions; likewise, little is known about the inter-relationships between traits, strivings and wellbeing. In this study, we used the NEO-PI-R, Personal Striving Assessment Packet (PSAP) and various well-being measures (viz., positive affect, negative affect, satisfaction with life and purpose in life) on a sample of 405 adults. We found Neuroticism and Extraversion to be related to perceived efficacy in the struggle for strivings; Extraversion, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness to relate to striving intensity dimensions, and a variety of striving dimensions to be significantly related to well-being. A joint analysis of traits, strivings and well-being revealed that traits may indirectly affect well-being via specific striving dimensions, although the mediational effects are slight and both traits and strivings appear to make separate significant contributions to the prediction of well-being. Broadly speaking, the results suggest that units of analysis originating from rather disparate traditions should be integrated in order to develop a consilient view of personality levels.

The study aimed to test whether a shift in chronotype (determined by mid-sleep on free days) is associated with alterations in psychological well-being and sleep parameters. One hundred and seventeen undergraduates were tested in longitudinal study with four repeated measures. Measurements were taken during spring in three-week intervals and each measurement consisted of self-reported sleep parameters on work and free days (i.e. bedtime, sleep latency, wake time, sleep onset, mid-sleep time, social jetlag), satisfaction with life, and mood (energetic arousal, tense arousal, hedonic tone). Between-subjects analyses revealed earlier chronotypes, as compared to the later ones, showing lower tense arousal, higher energetic arousal and life satisfaction, earlier bedtime, sleep onset and offset on both work and free days, longer sleep duration and shorter sleep latency on workdays, and less social jetlag. Within-subjects analyses revealed increasing photoperiod associated with a shift toward earlier chronotype, decrease in social jetlag, and shortening sleep latency. The seasonal shift toward earlier chronotype was not associated with alterations in mood or life satisfaction, but it was associated with a shift toward earlier bedtimes and longer sleep duration on workdays, decrease in sleep latency, and social jetlag. Results from the within-subjects analyses were consistent with the results of between-subjects analyses regarding sleep–wake functioning, but inconsistent regarding psychological outcomes.

This study examined how the frequency of positive and negative emotions is related to life satisfaction across nations. Participants were 8,557 people from 46 counties who reported on their life satisfaction and frequency of positive and negative emotions. Multilevel analyses showed that across nations, the experience of positive emotions was more strongly related to life satisfaction than the absence of negative emotions. Yet, the cultural dimensions of individualism and survival/selfexpression moderated these relationships. Negative emotional experiences were more negatively related to life satisfaction in individualistic than in collectivistic nations, and positive emotional experiences had a larger positive relationship with life satisfaction in nations that stress selfexpression than in nations that value survival. These findings show how emotional aspects of the good life vary with national culture and how this depends on the values that characterize one's society. Although to some degree, positive and negative emotions might be universally viewed as desirable and undesirable, respectively, there appear to be clear cultural differences in how relevant such emotional experiences are to quality of life.

This study examined the predictive value of social support (SS) and emotional intelligence (EI), and their interaction effects, on subjective well-being (SWB) beyond variance already explained by personality and sociodemographic variables. Participants were 267 adults (196 female) who anonymously completed measures of satisfaction with life, positive and negative affect, social support, emotional intelligence, personality and social desirability. Exploratory hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that SS and EI, and their interaction effects, significantly predicted SWB, and explained 44%, 50%, and 50% of the variance in SWL, positive affect (PA), and negative affect (NA) respectively. At step-two SS predicted NA and SWL, at step-three EI predicted PA and SWL, and at step-four one interaction effect was significant (SS: Significant Other  EI for PA). This study elucidates the predictive value of SS, EI and their interaction on SWB, and provides the first published insight into a possible conditional relationship between SS and SWB with regard to EI, suggesting that SS may not always be necessary for SWB. Implications are discussed, highlighting that the relationship between SS, EI and SWB is more complex than previous literature suggests.

Self-report measures of mindfulness have consistently demonstrated positive relationships with well-being and inverse relationships with depression symptoms. The goal of this study was to extend the existing literature to include a test of the incremental validity of the components of mindfulness (as measured by the four factors of the Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills [KIMS]; Baer et al. Assessment, 11, 191-206, 2004) and the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS; Brown and Ryan Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 822-848, 2003) in the prediction of satisfaction with life (relative to self-esteem) and depression (relative to negative cognitions) among a sample of 365 college students. Results revealed only KIMS Observe accounted for a significant amount variance relative to self-esteem in the prediction of satisfaction with life, and in the prediction of depression symptoms, only KIMS Accept without Judgment accounted for a significant amount of variance relative to negative cognitions. These results are discussed in relation to the measurement of mindfulness and methods used to assess the validity of these scales.

Structured Abstract
Purpose: The objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of mindfulness meditation sessions on students of higher education in terms of their mindfulness, mindful consumption behavior, and life satisfaction.
Methodology: Participants of the research were higher education students. The research included two studies. The first (screener) study endorsed that mindfulness was higher in students with higher mindfulness meditation frequency. The second study used difference-in-differences experimental design using a treatment and a control group. These groups participated in pre and post-treatment surveys. The treatment was given as guided short mindfulness meditation sessions as suggested by mindfulness guru– Dr Jon Kabat-Zinn. The treatment group received these sessions at the end of regular subject classes for two months.
Findings: The experiment revealed that mindfulness, mindful consumption, life satisfaction change significantly in the treatment group after treatment as compared to the control group.
Research limitations: Limitations of the study included sample size and attrition. 149 students participated in the screener study. 94 students were given pre-treatment survey as per research design and 80 participated in the post-treatment survey.
Practical implications: This experiment demonstrated that important traits and behavior like life satisfaction and mindful consumption behavior of higher education students can be improved significantly. Effectiveness of guided short mindfulness sessions, conducted in the classroom environment, was also confirmed. Inclusion of mindfulness in the regular curriculum by policymakers would benefit students, faculty members and overall quality of learning environment.
Originality/value: Though previous researches have separately investigated relationships of mindfulness with life satisfaction, there is a lack of research to show the association of mindfulness, mindful consumption, and life satisfaction.
Article Classification: Research Paper
Keywords: Mindfulness, Mindful Consumption behavior, Life Satisfaction, Higher Education, Guided Short Meditation, Consumption

The collectivistic culture of Pakistan is perforating with hedonic, modern and lavishing values. People are becoming more concerned with material aspirations and accumulation of wealth. The aim of present study is to investigate the relationship between materialism and life satisfaction among Pakistani individuals. A sample of (N=104) Muslim individuals were recruited through random sampling technique from different areas of Karachi city. Their age ranged from 16-46 years (M= 1.60, S.D=.854). The individuals were administered Richins Material values scale (2004) and Diener et al. the Satisfaction with Life Scale (1985). A significant positive relationship was obtained between materialism and life satisfaction (r=.273, p< .01). The future implementation of strategies for promotion of wellbeing of Pakistani individuals is discussed in the light of findings of present study.