Roman Bronze Figurines

In this book, metal fi gurines found in Burdur Museum are introduced.
The vast majority of the fi gurines are bronze. Besides, there are silver,
gold, lead and copper works. Find places have been added to the inventory
of some fi gurines. However, since they came to the museum by purchasing, the fi nd places of the majority of them are not exactly clear. With the work
done, it was tried to be explained that the statuettes were captured from
the Pisidia region and its surroundings. Figurines from the Pisidia Region
were found from the ancient cities of Cremna, Ceraitai, Hadriani. Among
the cities close to Pisidia are only fi nds from Cibyra. H

A rugged bronze figurine, found in 1999 in the Roman settlement at Mamer, is presented, discussed and interpreted as one of the nine muses.
In addition, a range of archaeological evidence relating to the Roman theater in the Trier region (Civitas Treverorum) is gathered.
(Archaeologia Luxemburgensis 6, 2020, 32-57)

Ödemiş lies on a fertile plain 113 km south-east of Izmir, close to the range of Bozdağlar, classical Tmolus, which lies between the Hermus (Gediz) and Caystrus (Küçük Menderes) rivers in ancient south-western Lydia. The largest archaeological site in this area is Hypaepa (τὰ Ὕπαιπα; today Günlüce) which is some 70 km from Ephesus on the route of Sardis. During the Greek, Roman, and Byzantine periods this region in the hinterland of Ephesus and Sardis was densely populated with rural settlements and few cities.
The present-day local archaeological museum in Ödemiş was opened in 1983 in a building donated to the community by a local collector, Muhtar Başoğlu. Local finds, previously held in the museums of Izmir and Tire, were transferred to the new museum; some specimens were also brought from the Archaeological Museums of Istanbul as well as the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations in Ankara. Following refurbishments the new collection of the Museum of Ödemiş reopened in October 2015.
The bronze figurines in the museum’s collection, most of which on display, have never been published, yet deserve to be known. This brief article is the third in a series consecrated to the metal finds of Ödemiş. The fibulae and lead seals have already been published,2 and a fourth paper, on the inscribed metal objects, is in preparation. Unfortunately, it has so far not been possible to carry out archaeometric analyses of the metal.
Other bronze figurines from southern Asia Minor have already been discussed by M. Feugère and the present author. They provide useful information with regard to the religious and domestic life in western Asia Minor during the Roman Imperial era.

These three little Roman statuettes from the 1st to 2nd century B.C. correspond to the pieces shown in the exhibition "Apocalypse". The texts deal with the files published in the catalog published on the occasion of that exhibition.

Estas tres puequeñas estatuillas romanas de los siglos I - II B.C. corresponden a las piezas mostradas en la exposición "Apocalipsis". Los textos tratan de las fichas publicadas en el catálogo editado con ocasión de aquella muestra.

The article presents a small bronze figure of a bound captive, who comes from the destroyed Germanic cremation burial ground from the 2 nd to the 4 th century A. D. in Závod. The figure represents a naked man with beard, a barbarian, or a German tied with rope. It's horizontally and vertically perforated; in the vertical opening is a secondarily stabbed iron nail. There are several parallels in the military background, especially from the Austrian section of the Roman border. Based on the parallel, it can be dated to the late 2nd to the first half of the 3 rd century A. D. Their function remains enigmatic, they were probably part of a composite object, perhaps a decorative mount. On the artefact from Frocester Court is figure in the central position in the belt plate. The bound captive figure on military equipment or horse harness could be a sign of the valiant or military merit of a Roman soldier in battles with barbarians. We can only speculate about hoe the figure got into the hands of Germans. It probably symbolized the honour of a burried warrior in men's grave.

The article presents new finds of Roman metal figurines which come from collections at Germanic settlements in southwestern Slovakia. Two bronze figurines - a small statuette of Mercury and a naked male figure (probably Apollo?) - were discovered in Zvončín. Another small bronze statuette of Amor and a lead figurine of an unidentiable male deity
come from a nearby Germanic settlement in Bohuslavice nad Trnavou. Fragment of a hand with a pouch
from a Mercury statuette comes from the settlement in Hronovce-Vozokany nad Hronom. This has increased
not only the number of such finds, but also the scale of deities represented in the local Germanic environment.
They can be considered evidence of penetration of Roman influences in the spiritual sphere and
religious ideas of the Germanic population.

The article presents new finds of Roman metal figurines which come from collections at Germanic settlements in southwestern Slovakia. Two bronze figurines - a small statuette of Mercury and a naked male figure (probably Apollo?) - were discovered in Zvončín. Another small bronze statuette of Amor and a lead figurine of an unidentiable male deity come from a nearby Germanic settlement in Bohuslavice nad Trnavou. Fragment of a hand with a pouch from a Mercury statuette comes from the settlement in Hronovce-Vozokany nad Hronom. This has increased not only the number of such finds, but also the scale of deities represented in the local Germanic environment. They can be considered evidence of penetration of Roman influences in the spiritual sphere and religious ideas of the Germanic population.

RESUMEN En este trabajo realizamos, en primer lugar, una breve exposición de las principales divinidades domésticas romanas, sus atributos y advocaciones, y seguidamente pasamos al estudio iconográfico de once figuritas de bronce de pequeñas dimensiones, todas inéditas, que se encuentran en el Museu d'Arqueologia de Catalunya. Sus dimensiones y tipología nos indican que pueden tratarse de imágenes de culto y todas excepto una, formarían parte de lararios ubicados en las casas de época romana. PALABRAS CLAVE: Culto doméstico, época romana, iconografía, divinidades domésticas, figuras de bronce, atributos, larario. ABSTRAT Firstly, this paper makes a brief exposition of the main Roman domestic divinities, their attributes and dedications, and secondly this paper makes an approximation to the iconographic study of eleven small sized bronze figurines, all unpublished and located in the Museu d'Arqueologia de Catalunya (Archaeological Museum of Catalonia). Their size and typology indicate that all these figurines, with the exception of one, could be cult lararia images of Roman houses.

This paper focuses on a small bronze statue depicting a male figure wearing a toga discovered near the Round Temple in the Forum area. The small statue can be identified as a private Genius, a divine entity whose cult knew a great popularity after the Augustan reform of the vici between 12 and 7 B.C. The identification of these Geniuses may vary substantially according to the different attributes they are holding in their hands: consequently, alternative interpretations can be considered.
The provenance from the area of a sanctuary is also analysed and discussed, along with the most widely recognized hypotheses concerning the collocation of these small bronze statues in lararia (house shrines) and temples.
Finally, some working hypotheses are proposed for a general reassessment of this category of finds, which, besides the traditional stylistic approach, should take into appropriate consideration the technical, productive and commercial aspects concerning small bronzes, in order to get a wider knowledge of these artefacts.